名詞[知識導(dǎo)圖][考情分析]考查角度考查題型及頻次具體考查內(nèi)容抽象名詞詞義辨析單項填空(10年10考)(2023．21)完形填空(10年30考)/考查角度考查題型及頻次具體考查內(nèi)容同類名詞詞義辨析完形填空(10年32考)實物類(10年11考)、地點方位類(10年6考)、人物類(10年5考)、時間與空間類(10年5考)、自然類(10年3考)、身體類(2013．55，2013．67)，其中(2023．31，2023．33，2023．39，2023．46)對以上內(nèi)容皆有考查考點1名詞詞義辨析1．(2023·滁州校聯(lián)考一模)—MissYang,doyouthinkIcanrealizemydream?—Sure．You'llalwayshavethe________tobesuccessfulifyoukeepworkingonit．A．chanceB．Result

C．need D．a(chǎn)ction答案：A2．(2022·蕪湖二模)—Wow，yourgrandparentsarefullof________andtheylooksoyoung．—That'sbecausetheykeeponexercising．A．pain B．troubleC．courage D．energy答案：D3．(2022·合肥45中三模)Everyonetakesinterestinnewthings，butstartingwith________isalwaysthemostdifficult．A．courage B．trustC．progress D．pride答案：A4．(2022·六安舒城四校交流)—Thesunisimpor-tanttous．Itprovidesuswithlightand________．—Iagreewithyou．Withoutthesun，therewillbenolifeontheearth．A．beauty B．peaceC．heat D．wealth答案：C名詞的辨析旨在考查學(xué)生能否通過對上下文的理解，使用合適的詞匯?？疾樾问街饕幸韵氯N：1．一詞多義一詞多義指某個名詞具有兩種或兩種以上的常見意義，在不同的語言環(huán)境中有不同的意義。orange橘子(汁)；橘黃色

fish魚；魚肉chicken小雞；雞肉

paper紙；報紙；試卷time時間；次數(shù)

glass玻璃；玻璃杯2．近義詞辨析近義詞指某幾個名詞在意義上比較相近，但使用范圍卻有差別。英語中的近義詞比較多，考試中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的近義詞有以下幾組：home，family，house家problem，question，trouble問題job，work工作sound，voice，noise聲音news，message，information信息travel，trip，journey旅行3．語境辨詞語境辨詞就是運用我們的生活經(jīng)驗、知識積累，根據(jù)上下文推測出空格處所要表達的意思，從而選出正確的詞語。我們渴了就需要水(water)、飲料(tea，coffee，juice)；餓了就需要食物(bread，rice，meat，cake等)；我們寄信需要去郵局(postoffice)；取錢需要去銀行(bank)等?？键c2名詞的數(shù)1．(2023·安徽校聯(lián)考一模)—Whydoyouthinkspringisthemostbeautiful?—Ilovespringbecausewhenspringcomes,the________alloverthemountainsturngreen．A．leafB．Leafs

C．leafes D．leaves答案：D2．Ihavethreepenpals．Oneis________，andtheothertwoare________．A．Japanese；AmericaB．Russian；GermenC．Canada；AustralianD．English；Frenchmen答案：D3．Insomewesterncountries，peopleusuallyhavemealswith________andforks．A．bowl B．chopstickC．knife D．knives答案：D名詞按其所表示的事物性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。規(guī)則例詞一般情況下在詞尾加-sbook→booksdog→dogspen→pensboy→boysboat→boats規(guī)則例詞以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，要在詞尾加-esbus→busesbox→boxesbeach→beachesbrush→brusheswatch→watches以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的名詞，先變y為i，再加-escity→citiesfamily→familiescountry→countriesstrawberry→strawberries規(guī)則例詞以字母f或者fe結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞變f或fe為v，再加-eswife→wiveslife→livesleaf→leavesthief→thievesknife→knives直接在f后加-schief→chiefs(首領(lǐng))cliff→cliffs(懸崖)roof→roofs(屋頂)gulf→gulfs(海灣)規(guī)則例詞以o結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞表示有生命的在詞尾加-estomato→tomatoespotato→potatoeshero→heroesNegro→Negroes(黑人)表示無生命的在詞尾加-sphoto→photoszoo→zoosradio→radios[巧學(xué)妙記](1)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，變f或fe為v，再加-es的口訣為：半數(shù)(half)樹葉(leaf)自己(self)黃，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)忽遇狼(wolf)，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)來幫忙。(2)以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，加-es的口訣為：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)愛吃土豆(potato)和西紅柿(tomato)。(3)某國人變復(fù)數(shù)的口訣為：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面。Chinese→ChineseJapanese→JapaneseEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→FrenchmenAmerican→Americans2．可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例詞變內(nèi)部元音字母man→men

woman→womenpoliceman→policemen

foot→feettooth→teeth完全不規(guī)則child→children

ox→oxenmouse→mice單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese(中國人)，Japanese(日本人)，sheep(綿羊)，deer(鹿)[溫馨提示](1)一般情況下，合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，只需將其主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。boystudent→boystudents(男學(xué)生)appletree→appletrees(蘋果樹)(2)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時將主體詞及man或woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。amandoctor→mendoctors(男醫(yī)生)amancook→mencooks(男廚師)awomanwriter→womenwriters(女作家)3．不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)(1)表示方法：不可數(shù)名詞需要計量時，用“數(shù)詞或冠詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，量詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，但of后的名詞只用原形。apieceofpaper一張紙adropofwater一滴水twocupsoftea兩杯茶(2)不少名詞在漢語中是可數(shù)的，但在英語中卻不可數(shù)，比如不能說abread，anews，apaper等，如果要表示這些不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，應(yīng)用一類“可數(shù)”的詞作定語來表達。apieceofnews一則新聞

apieceofadvice一條建議apieceofbread一片面包

apieceofwork一份工作abottleofink一瓶墨水

abasketoffood一籃子食物ablockofice一塊冰[歸納拓展]名詞短語為2020年安徽中考新增考點，在完形填空中進行了考查。因此考生在備考中要注重對名詞短語的積累和識記。考點3名詞所有格1．(2023·滁州校聯(lián)考一模)—________isyourhomefromschool,Ben?—Oh,it'snotveryfar,only________walk．A．Howlong；ten-minute

B．Howfar；tenminutesC．Howlong；tenminutes'

D．Howfar；tenminutes'答案：D2．(2022·馬鞍山和縣一模)Nobodythoughtitwaseasytofinishsomuchworkin________．A．twodays'time B．two-daystimeC．twoday'stime D．twodaystime答案：A3．—Who'sthatgirlonthesofa?—She's________sisterEmma．A．BobandFrankB．Bob'sandFrank'sC．BobandFrank'sD．Bob'sandFrank答案：C4．Theywillgetmarried________．A．intenyear'sB．intenyear'stimeC．intenyears'D．intenyears'time答案：D安徽近3年中考并未對名詞所有格進行考查，因此，這里只對其常見用法進行簡單講解。1．'s所有格類別構(gòu)成方法示例有生命的單數(shù)名詞加'swithmyfather'shelp在我父親的幫助下類別構(gòu)成方法示例有生命的復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾加'theteachers'office老師的辦公室不以s結(jié)尾加'schildren'shomework孩子們的作業(yè)表示時間、距離、國家、地點、自然現(xiàn)象、擬人等無生命的名詞單數(shù)加'sChina'sdevelopment中國的發(fā)展復(fù)數(shù)加'tenminutes'walk十分鐘的路程類別構(gòu)成方法示例表示幾個人共同擁有在最后一個名詞后加'sTomandJim'sroom湯姆和吉姆共同的房間表示每個人各自擁有在每個名詞后加'sMike'sandJohn'sdesks邁克和約翰各自的書桌用以構(gòu)成不同的節(jié)日加's或'Children'sDay兒童節(jié)Teachers'Day教師節(jié)[溫馨提示](1)表示“店鋪”“某人的家”“診所”“辦公室”的名詞所有格時，一般省去被修飾的表示地點的名詞。atthedoctor's(在診所)；gotomyuncle'shome(去我叔叔家)(2)一些具有名詞性質(zhì)的復(fù)合不定代詞，如：someone，everybody等和else連用時，'s應(yīng)加在else后。somebodyelse'spencil別人的鉛筆(1)表示無生命事物的名詞一般用of所有格。alegofthetable桌子的一條腿(2)of所有格有時也可以用于人或有生命的東西，表示所屬關(guān)系，特別是當(dāng)這些所有者有較長的定語修飾時。thenameofthebraveyoungman這個勇敢的年輕人的名字[溫馨提示]有生命的名詞's所有格和of短語所有格可以互換。thegirl'sname＝thenameofthegirl那個女孩的名字2．of所有格3．雙重所有格雙重所有格主要表示整體中的一部分，有兩種形式：(1)名詞＋of＋名詞所有格。astudentofmyfather's我父親的一個學(xué)生(2)名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞。aphotoofmine我的一張照片[溫馨提示]雙重所有格和一般所有格意義不同。aphotoofMary's(照片屬于瑪麗，但照片上的人不一定是瑪麗)；aphotoofMary(照片上的人是瑪麗本人)名詞辨析名詞單復(fù)數(shù)判斷方法1．(2023·湖北武漢)—Peterwaspickedouttobeontheschoolvolleyballteam．—Hisheightgiveshimabig________．A．situation B．challengeC．a(chǎn)chievement D．a(chǎn)dvantage答案：D2．(2023·池州階段性練習(xí))—Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?—Myschoolisnotfarfrommyhome．It'sonly________．A．8minutewalk B．8minuteswalkC．8minutes'walk D．8minute'swalk答案：C3．(2023·遼寧本溪)Thankstotheteacher'shelp,Isolvedallthe________easily．A．chances B．problemsC．habits D．grades答案：B4．(2022·山東濱州)—Howdidyouputtogetherthemodelplanesoperfectly?—It'seasy．Ijustfollowedthe________．A．instruments B．inventionsC．interviews D．instructions答案：D5．(2023·滁州全椒縣一模)—SomeofmyRussianfriendswillcometoChinanextmonth．—YoucangivethemChineseteaasa________．A．change B．chanceC．dinner D．treat答案：D6．IfIleavemyhouseat9o'clockanddrivetotheairport，I'llarriveatabout11．Soit'sabouttwo________drivefrommyhousetotheairport．A．hours' B．hour'sC．hours D．hour答案：AⅠ．單項填空1．(2023·合肥肥東縣二模)Puttingyourheartintosomethingmaynotsucceedatonce,butit'sastepintheright________．A．instruction B．introductionC．position D．direction答案：D2．(2022·馬鞍山和縣一模)—InChina，weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck．—That'sinteresting！IwanttoknowalltheChinese________．A．traditions B．sentencesC．notices D．problems答案：A3．(2022·宿州一模)Theyounggirlisapianistofgreat________．Shehasbeengoodatplayingthepianosinceshewasveryyoung．A．value B．tasteC．luck D．talent答案：D4．(2023·山東濱州)—What'syoursecretofwritingsowell?—Ireadalot,andtheworksofLuXunhadastrong________onmeasachild．A．difference B．a(chǎn)ttentionC．situation D．influence答案：D5．(2023·甘肅白銀)Put________firstandbecarefulwhileridingontheroad!A．interest B．moneyC．knowledge D．safety答案：D6．(2023·江蘇揚州)—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake．Aboattourisawonderful________！A．movement B．a(chǎn)ttractionC．experience D．research答案：C7．(2023·天津)Peopleallovertheworldlovepandas,andthepandahasbecomea________ofChina．A．festival B．poemC．guest D．symbol答案：D8．(2022·合肥廬江縣一模)—Couldyoupleasetellmethe________ofbuildingalakehere?—Toimprovetheenvironment．A．chance B．purposeC．method D．secret答案：B9．(2022·湖北荊州)—How'sthe________inyourcity?—Notverygood．Therearealwayslonglinesofcarsonroadsespeciallyonrainydays．A．food B．weatherC．culture D．traffic答案：D10．—How________isitfromheretoBeijing?—It'sabouttwo________flight．A．long；hour's B．far；hour'sC．long；hours' D．far；hours'答案：D11．Sometimesalittleactioncanmakeadifferencetoa________life．A．person B．person'sC．persons D．persons'答案：B12．I'dliketobuysome________inthesupermarket．A．chickenandpotatoesB．chickensandpotatoC．chickenandpotatoD．chickensandpotatos答案：A13．(2022·黑龍江綏化)________fatherisapilot．Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld．A．TonyandPeter'sB．Tony'sandPeterC．Tony'sandPeter's答案：A14．(2023·蕪湖二模)Wecandiscoverbasic________abouthistoryintheNaturalHistoryMuseum．A．facts B．methodsC．service D．a(chǎn)dvice答案：A15．(2022·湖南邵陽)—Wouldyoulikesome________？—Yes，madam．A．egg B．juiceC．milkteas答案：B16．(2023·蕪湖無為市三模)Mymothertookthosenewspapersoffthetabletomake________forthenewcomputer．A．food B．moneyC．room D．position答案：C17．(2023·合肥42中三模)Thegovernmentplanstoaddmoregreenspacestoimproveourliving________likebuildingover400pocketparksby2025．A．space B．environmentC．methods D．cost答案：B18．(2023·江西)—Kevin,couldyoupassmesome________？It'ssohottoday．I'mreallythirsty．—OK．Hereyouare．A．rice B．breadC．water D．chicken答案：C19．(2023·四川自貢)—What'syourfavorite________？—Apples．Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway．A．fruit B．drinkC．job答案：A20．(2023·甘肅白銀)Whichofthefollowingshowsthatyoucanputyourwastethere?A．B．

C． D．

答案：B21．(2022·貴州銅仁)—“Onetreecan'tmakeaforest”isafamoussaying．—Sure．Ittellsustheimportanceof________．A．teamwork B．knowledgeC．friendship D．housework答案：A22．(2023·合肥45中四模)—Mrs．Williams,what'syour________ofbeingawonderfultennisplayer?—Nothingspecial．Ijustworkhardeveryday．A．hope B．secretC．change D．information答案：B23．(2022·合肥蜀山區(qū)二模)Tofacethedifficultybravely，weneedagreatdealof________．A．treasure B．regretC．doubt D．courage答案：D24．(2022·貴州黔東南)ThejourneytoCongjiangisagreat________forStevetolearnmoreaboutthemagicplacesthathehasknownfrombooksandpictures．A．introduction B．competitionC．pressure D．chance答案：D25．IwassoexcitedwhenIsawsomany________onthefarm．A．sheep B．chickenC．duck D．milk答案：A26．Jimbrokeapairofshoesmadeof________ina________storeyesterday．A．glass；woman B．glasses；womanC．glass；women's D．glasses；women's答案：C27．(2023·合肥高新區(qū)二模)—Haveyoueverheard“Readingmakesafullman．”？

—Ofcourse．Ittellsthe________ofreading．A．a(chǎn)bility B．difficultyC．courage D．value答案：D28．Lookatthetwo________overthere．Theyareteachingtheboystoplaythepiano．A．womenteachers B．womanteacherC．womanteachers D．womansteachers答案：A29．(2022·湖北)Breakfastgivesyou________forthemorning．A．wealth B．talentC．humor D．energy答案：D30．Thefarmerraisedplentyof________onhisfarmtosell