英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)年月真題

00832201810

1、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbedefinedasaword?

man

for

A:

ment

B:

blackmail

C:

答D:案：C

解析：該題考查對(duì)詞匯和詞綴的理解，只有C選項(xiàng)是后綴，其他都是可以獨(dú)立使用的單

詞，所以C項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

2、【單選題】ThedifferencesbetweensoundandformareNOTdueto_________.

innovationsmadebylinguists

stabilizationofspellingbyprinting

A:

influenceoftheworkofscribes

B:

thefactofmorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish

C:

答D:案：A

解析：該題考察的是詞匯的聲音和詞形的關(guān)系。聲音與形式本應(yīng)該是一致的，但是，由于

三個(gè)理由：音與字母的不匹配，抄寫(xiě)者的失誤，印刷術(shù)使得拼寫(xiě)固定下來(lái)。因此，A選項(xiàng)

不是原因，符合題意。

3、【單選題】Wordsmayfallintonativewordsandborrowedwordsby_________.

notion

origin

A:

function

B:

usefrequency

C:

答D:案：B

解析：詞語(yǔ)的分類(lèi)有不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，按照notion分類(lèi)，詞匯有實(shí)詞和虛詞；按照

usefrequency來(lái)分，詞匯有基本詞匯和非基本詞匯；按照語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生的源頭看，可以分為本

族語(yǔ)和外來(lái)語(yǔ)，因此答案為B。

4、【單選題】_________meansanoldformwhichtakesonanewmeaningtomeetthe

newneed.

Borrowing

Creation

A:

Semanticchange

B:

Loaning

C:

答D:案：C

解析：本題考查詞匯發(fā)展的模式，有創(chuàng)詞，外來(lái)語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)義變化，老詞有新意是語(yǔ)義變化的

結(jié)果，因此選答案C。

5、【單選題】Thelanguageusedbetween1150and1500iscalled_________English.

Old

Middle

A:

Contemporary

B:

Modem

C:

答D:案：B

解析：本題考查英語(yǔ)發(fā)展史的階段，450-1150是oldEnglish古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期，1150-1500

是middleEnglish中古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期，1500至今未modernEnglish現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)時(shí)期。因此，B

為正確答案。

6、【單選題】InMiddleEnglishvocabulary,wecanfindwordsrelatingtoevery

aspectofhumansociety,e.g.government,law,food,fashionandsoon.Whichof

thefollowingwordsdoesNOTbelongtothem?

wechat

bacon

A:

judge

B:

power

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本題考查middleEnglish詞匯特點(diǎn)，wechat是當(dāng)代的詞匯，因此答案為A。

7、【單選題】Structurally,manywordscanbeseparatedintoevensmaller

meaningfulunits.Forexample,denaturalizationcanbebrokendowninto___________.

de-,natura-,lize-,ation

dena-,ture,al-,lizet,ation

A:

de-,nature,al,ize,ation

B:

de-,natu,real,ize,ation

C:

D:

答案：C

解析：本題考查詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成中的詞素。只有選項(xiàng)C中各個(gè)因素是正確的。

8、【單選題】Themorphemeofplurality/-s/ispronouncedas/s/incats,/z/in

bags,and/iz/inmatches.Thisexampleshows___________.

morphemesareabstractunits

allomorphsarephoneticallyconditionedandthuspredictable

A:

morphsareactualspoken,minimalcarriersofmeaning

B:

monomorphemicwordscoincidewithwordsandfunctionfreelyinasentence

C:

答D:案：B

解析：根據(jù)題干，復(fù)數(shù)形式的發(fā)音體現(xiàn)的是詞素變體，

9、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingwordsistheexampleoffreemorphemes?

men

teeth

A:

worker

B:

anger

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題考查freemorpheme的定義，獨(dú)立于任何詞素的詞素。

10、【單選題】Thefollowingwordshaveprefixesoftimeororder

EXCEPT___________.

bilingual

ex-student

A:

foretell

B:

post-election

C:

答D:案：A

解析：考查表達(dá)時(shí)間的前綴內(nèi)容。Ex-前，fore-前，post-后，只有A中的bi-表達(dá)的不

是時(shí)間或者順序，因此A為正確選擇。

11、【單選題】Agreenhandisan“inexperiencedperson”,notahandthatis

greenincolor.Thisexampleshowsthatcompoundsaredifferentfromfreephrases

in_______feature.

phonetic

semantic

A:

grammatical

B:

lexical

C:

答D:案：B

解析：考查合成詞的語(yǔ)義構(gòu)成，它的意義與它的組成部分各自的詞義關(guān)系不是很密切，因

此選B。

12、【單選題】Omnibushasgivenwaytoitsshortenedformbus.Thisisthe

exampleof_______inwordformation.

acronymy

clipping

A:

compounding

B:

conversion

C:

答D:案：B

解析：考查wordformation各種形式的特點(diǎn)，題干中的例子是截掉單詞開(kāi)頭部分，因此

是clipping的方式，因此答案選B。

13、【單選題】_______,whichisbeyondlanguage,istheresultofhuman

cognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.

Reference

Motivation

A:

Sense

B:

Concept

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題解題從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，其中三個(gè)詞是和meaning的定義有關(guān)，所以從查找定義可以

更快地解決問(wèn)題。

14、【單選題】ThefollowingwordsareonomatopoeticallymotivatedEXCEPT_______.

blow

quack

A:

miaow

B:

hiss

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本題考查意義的理?yè)?jù)motivation中的onomatopoeticallymotivated,聲音理?yè)?jù)，

因此，只有A不屬于這類(lèi)。

15、【單選題】Themeaningsofmanywordsoftenrelatedirectlytotheirorigins.

Inthissense,wordshave_______motivation.

onomatopoeic

morphological

A:

semantic

B:

etymological

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題考查對(duì)于語(yǔ)義的motivation的掌握，題干中提及origin，因此答案是D。

16、【單選題】Fromasynchronicpointofview,thebasicmeaningofawordis

the_______.

primarymeaning

derivedmeaning

A:

centralMeaning

B:

secondarymeaning

C:

答D:案：C

解析：本題考查polysemy這個(gè)概念從共時(shí)性來(lái)考慮它的名稱(chēng)，共時(shí)性中設(shè)計(jì)central

meaning和minormeaning.歷時(shí)性涉及的概念是primarymeaning和derivedmeaning.因

此，答案選C。

17、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOTthederivedmeaningofthewordface?

Thefrontofthehead.

Outwardaspect.

A:

surfaceofathing.

B:

Theexpressionofthecountenance.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本題考查歷時(shí)角度對(duì)于face這個(gè)單詞的意義的掌握，從歷時(shí)的角度看，意義有

primarymeaning和derivedmeaning。題干中問(wèn)下面選項(xiàng)哪一個(gè)不是derivedmeaning,A

是primarymeaning,因此A為答案。

18、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingpairsareabsolutesynonyms?

large/tremendous

stagger/reel

A:

alter/vary

B:

scarlet-fever/scarlatina

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題考查絕對(duì)同義詞的定義的理解。

19、【單選題】Theprocessbywhichawordwhichoriginallyhadaspecialized

meaninghasnowbecomegeneralizedis_______ofword-meaning.

transfer

elevation

A:

narrowing

B:

extension

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題考查對(duì)于詞義變化類(lèi)型的變化，extension和narrowing是一對(duì)概念，

elevation和degradation是一對(duì)概念。根據(jù)定義內(nèi)容和題干信息，D為答案。

20、【單選題】_______reasonisreflectedinthemeaningchangeoftheword

computer,frompersonwhocomputes”to“electronicmachine”.

Class

Historical

A:

Scientific

B:

Psychological

C:

答D:案：B

解析：本題考查語(yǔ)義變化的原因，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別都是原因，根據(jù)定義和題干信息，答案為

B。

21、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingistheinternalfactorwithinthelanguage

systemthatcauseschangesinword-meaning?

Analogy

Contrast

A:

Historicalreason

B:

Psychologicalneed

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本題考查語(yǔ)義變化中的內(nèi)部因素，即語(yǔ)言因素，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A是相關(guān)內(nèi)容

22、【單選題】Asmostwordshavemorethanonemeaning,itisoftenimpossible

totellthemeaningofawordbeforeitisusedin_______.

context

texts

A:

conversation

B:

writing

C:

答D:案：A

解析：題干中提及一詞多義性，要確定一個(gè)單詞的含義需要具體的上下文，因此，A為正

確答案。

23、【單選題】Thattheworddomeansdifferentlyin“doacity”，“doasum”

and“dotheflowers”showsthat_______contextaffectsthemeaningofwords.

extra-linguistic

grammatical

A:

lexical

B:

semantic

C:

答D:案：C

解析：本題考察的是影響詞匯意義的因素，題干中幾個(gè)詞組中do的含義不同，取決于與

之搭配的詞匯含義。因此，C為正確答案。

24、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheroleofcontext?

Eliminationofambiguity.

Indicationofreferents.

A:

Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.

B:

Simplificationofmeaning.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題考查的是context的作用，D不是context的作用。

25、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingisatrueidiom?

makefriendswith

breaksilence

A:

intheraw

B:

C:

turnoveranewleaf

答D:案：C

解析：本題考查idiom的定義內(nèi)容，組成習(xí)語(yǔ)的單詞的意思與習(xí)語(yǔ)的含義無(wú)直接關(guān)系，它

有其結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。Intheraw和raw的含義無(wú)關(guān)，指的是裸體。

26、【單選題】Amongthefollowingidioms,“_______’’isanidiomadverbialin

nature.

fleshandblood

upintheair

A:

aspoorasachurchmouse

B:

toothandnail

C:

答D:案：D

解析：B本題考查習(xí)語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，A指的親戚，名詞性的。B不是習(xí)語(yǔ)。C是形容詞性的，D

是個(gè)副詞短語(yǔ)。

27、【單選題】AllofthefollowingarestylisticfeaturesEXCEPT_______.

colloquialisms

slang

A:

literaryexpressions

B:

rhymes

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題考查的是習(xí)語(yǔ)的文體特征，有A，B，C的內(nèi)容，沒(méi)有rhymes,因此答案是D。

28、【單選題】In_______theheadwordorentriesaredefinedandillustratedin

thesamelanguage.

monolingualdictionaries

bilingualdictionaries

A:

linguisticdictionaries

B:

encyclopediadictionaries

C:

答D:案：A

解析：有題干得知這種詞典詞條和解釋都用同一種語(yǔ)言，屬于單語(yǔ)詞典。因此A是正確

答案。

29、【單選題】Usagenotesandlanguagenotesinadictionaryexplainthe

followingEXCEPT_______.

importantBritishandAmericandifferences

difficultpointsofgrammarandstyle

A:

informationconcerningtheoriginsofwords

B:

theslightdifferencesbetweenwordsofsimilarmeanings

C:

答D:案：C

解析：本題考查詞典內(nèi)容中usagenotes和languagenotes的內(nèi)容。

30、【單選題】ThefollowingaresomeuniquefeaturesofCollinsCOBUILDEnglish

LanguageDictionary（1987）EXCEPT_______.

definition

extracolumn

A:

usageexamples

B:

cleargrammarcodes

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本題考查的是CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionary(1987)這本詞典的

特點(diǎn)，該題答案是D。

31、【問(wèn)答題】WhatarethethreemainsourcesofnewwordsinPresent-day

English?

答案：Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology;social,economic

andpoliticalchanges;andtheinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguages.

解析：考查新詞產(chǎn)生的三個(gè)源頭。

32、【問(wèn)答題】Inwhatwayaretheunderlinedwordsformedinthefollowing

sentences?1）Hewolfeddownhislunch.2）Thereisnomilkinthefridge,3）

Theheadmasterisaneasy-goingman,4）YouhavetoshowyourIDbeforechecking

inthehotel.5）Ipromisedtobabysitformyneighborthisweekend.

答案：【答案1】conversion

解析：題干中wolf這個(gè)名詞加了過(guò)去式的后綴，說(shuō)明這個(gè)是名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞，用的方法

應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)換法。題干中劃線詞匯用的截短法構(gòu)成，完整詞形是refrigerator.題干中劃線

單詞由兩個(gè)單詞easy和going組成，用的合成法構(gòu)成的單詞。題干中劃線單詞是通過(guò)截

短法構(gòu)成。題干中劃線單詞是由babysitter這個(gè)詞通過(guò)逆生法形成的。

33、【問(wèn)答題】Whatarethetypesofantonyms?Explainthetypesofantonymswith

thefollowingexamplewords:sell/buy,same/different,old/young.

答案：Contradictorytermsaresoopposedtoeachotherthattheyare

mutuallyexclusiveandadmitnopossibilitybetweenthem,suchas

same/different.Contrarytermsarebestviewedintermsofascalerunning

betweentwopolesorextremes,suchasold/young.Relativetermsconsistof

relationalopposites,suchassell/buy.Suchpairofwordsindicatessucha

reciprocalsocialrelationshipthatoneofthemcannotbeusedwithout

suggestingtheother.

解析：考查反義詞的類(lèi)型

34、【問(wèn)答題】Howarecontextcluesusedinthesentence“Thevillagehadmost

oftheusualamenities:apub,alibrary,apostoffice,avillagehall,amedical

centre,andaschool.,??

答案：Hyponymyisusedasacontextclueinthissentence.Superordinates

andsubordinatesoftendefineandexplaineachother,thusformingan

importantcontextclue.Thewordsafteramenitiesaresubordinates,which

provideageneralideaofthemeaningofamenity.

解析：考查點(diǎn)是猜測(cè)詞義的上下文線索，這些線索有定義、解釋、例證、同義詞、反義

詞、上下義祠、相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)和詞的細(xì)節(jié)等。

35、【問(wèn)答題】1）nicknamen.→tonickname2）bottle-feedingn.→tobottle-

feedUsetheaboveexamplestodiscussinwhatwaycompoundverbsaregenerally

formed?

答案：Alimitednumberofverbsarecreatedeitherthroughconversionorback-

formation.Conversionistheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsof

oneclasstoanotherclass.Thisisamethodofturningwordsofonepart

ofspeechtothoseofadifferentpartofspeech.Forexample,thenoun

nicknamecanbeconvertedintoaverb.Back-formationisthemethodofcreating

wordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.Inthecaseofbottle-feeding,the

back-formedverbcompoundbottle-feedisformedbydroppingthesuffix–ing.

解析：題干中所給單詞都是名詞動(dòng)詞化，第一個(gè)nickname用的是conversion的方法，第

二個(gè)tobottle-feed，用的是逆生法。

36、【問(wèn)答題】Illustratethedifferencesbetweensynonymsbyanalyzingthe

followinggroupsofsynonyms.1）richandwealthy2）ask,begandrequest3）

allowandlet

答案：Thedifferencesbetweensynonymsboildowntothreeareas:

denotation,connotationandapplication.(1)Differenceindenotation.Synonyms

maydifferintherangeandintensityofmeaning.Somesynonymsmaydifferin

degreeofintensity.Forgroup1),arichmanandawealthyladyarebothrich

butawealthyladyisfelttopossessmoremoneyandpropertythanarich

man.(2)Differenceinconnotation.Byconnotation,wemeanthestylisticand

emotivecolouringofwords.Somewordshavethesamedenotationbutdifferin

theirstylisticappropriateness.Forgroup2),askisstylisticallyneutral,

begisoftenusedinconversation,andrequestisquiteformalin

style.(3)Differenceinapplication.Manywordsaresynonymousinmeaningbut

differentinusageinsimpleterms.Theyformdifferentcollocationsandfit

intodifferentsentencepatterns.Forgroup3),answerisatransitiveverb

andtakesdirectobjectwhilereplyisanintransitiveverbandneeds

aprepositiontofunctiontransitively.Thereforewesayanswertheletter

butreplytotheletter.Nevertheless,wecansayanswerthedoor,whilereply

tothedoorisunacceptable.

解析：這道題考查的是同義詞的區(qū)分，主要有三個(gè)層面：denotation,connotation,和

application。

37、【填空題】Itisgenerallyagreedthatthewrittenformofanaturallanguage

isthewrittenrecordofthe_______form.

答案：oral

解析：對(duì)詞匯的基本知識(shí)的考查。

38、【填空題】AftertheRomans,theGermanictribescalledAngles,Saxons,and

JutescameanddominatedtheBritishIsles.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-

Saxonas_______English.

答案：Old

解析：考查英語(yǔ)發(fā)展的知識(shí)。最早的Anglo-Saxon人的語(yǔ)言被稱(chēng)作古英語(yǔ)。

39、【填空題】Morphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemesare_________

morphemes.

答案：free

解析：考查詞素的種類(lèi)的知識(shí)，能獨(dú)立使用的詞素就是自由詞素。

40、【填空題】Comicmeans“ofcomedy”,whilecomicalmeans“funny”.This

exampleshowsthatboth–icand-icalcanbeaffixedtothesamestem,butdiffer

in_______.

答案：meaning

解析：考查后綴的不同含義。

41、【填空題】Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemof_________

relationshipwithotherexpressionsinthelanguage.

答案：semantic

解析：考查意義中sense的含義。

42、【填空題】Wordslikebearwhichmeansboth“alargeheavyanimal”and

‘"toputupwith”arecalled_______

答案：(perfect)homonyms

解析：考查完全同形異義詞的定義，

43、【填空題】Theprocessbywhichthewordwifeusedtomean“woman”butnow

means“amarriedwoman”is_________ofword-meaning.

答案：narrowing

解析：考查語(yǔ)義變化的特點(diǎn)，wife由泛指婦女到專(zhuān)門(mén)指的是已婚婦女，這