Welcometomyclass1

閱讀理解分類及方法ReadingComprehension2高考閱讀理解命題特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

(一)詞匯量加大，閱讀速度提高

(二)語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，長(zhǎng)難句有所增加(三)體裁分布比較均勻，題材趨向多樣化

3閱讀理解題型歸類及解題技巧（一）細(xì)節(jié)理解題（二）詞義辨析題（三）推理判斷題（四）主旨大意題4（一）細(xì)節(jié)理解題

一般針對(duì)某個(gè)特定細(xì)節(jié)而提出，難度較小，屬淺層理解，通讀短文后一般能直接找出答題依據(jù)。

解題方法：1.通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細(xì)節(jié)。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題，我們具備細(xì)心觀察的品質(zhì)。文章本身的內(nèi)容是我們答題的唯一依據(jù)。2.選用排除法。排除不符合原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，剩下的就是要選擇的最佳答案。5PracticeThecoldisthemostcommonofman’sailments.Yetitstumped

themedicalauthorities.Manyofmoreterriblediseaseshavecomeunderthecontrolofmodernmanastheresultoftheknowledgegainedinthelabofscienceresearch.Investigatorshavethoughtthatthecoldisusuallycausedbyavirus.However,nomethodofstudyingthisvirushasbeendevised.Thechimpanzeeistheonlyanimaltowhichthediseasecanbegivenexperimentally.Theuseofthisanimalislimitedbyitscostandbythefactthatsomanyoftheanimalsdieofpneumoniaduringtheexperiments.Thisleavesforallpracticalpurposesonlyhumanvolunteerstobeusedinresearchprojects.Many

inmatesofprisonshavehelpedinthiswork,butbecauseoftheselimitations,researchintothecauseandcureofcoldhasprogressedveryslowly.6

Researchintothecauseandcureofcoldhas_________.A.goneaheadveryslowlyB.goneaheadveryquicklyC.beenverycommonD.beenimpossible√Choosethebestanswer7

要求正確理解短文中一些關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的含義。常用的手段是利用多種表達(dá)法、詞的多義性、同近義語(yǔ)替換、習(xí)語(yǔ)釋義等。在做閱讀理解時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞、短語(yǔ)，這個(gè)時(shí)候我們不要緊張，因?yàn)槲覀儠?huì)猜。猜詞是不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要運(yùn)用學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維去正確的猜測(cè)。(二)詞義辨析題解題方法8常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式有：1）Theunderlinedwordinthe…paragraphrefersto/means________.2)Whatdoes“______”inparagraph…standfor/mean?3)whichofthefollowingcouldbestreplace“______”

？4)Theexpression/phrase“_______”means______.9Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.?2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.?3.Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.thisweek.?4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.?Practice101.同位法。同位語(yǔ)部分alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle的確切詞義，即“城堡”。11

1.Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginold.?2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.?3.Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.thisweek.?4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.?Practice122.定義法。定語(yǔ)從句中wholooksaftersheep就表明herdsman的詞義為"牧人"。13

1.Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginold.?2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.?3.Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.thisweek.?4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.?Practice14

3.同位法。兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。15

1.Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginold.?2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.?3.Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.thisweek.?4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.?Practice164.對(duì)比法。but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天"第一節(jié)上了一半才來(lái)"，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向"準(zhǔn)時(shí)"的結(jié)論。17三推理判斷題

主要對(duì)短文的結(jié)論、隱含意義（寓意）、寫作的思路及目的等進(jìn)行考查，

縱觀全文，在匯集短文提供的各項(xiàng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，嚴(yán)格按照短文陳述的觀點(diǎn)或描述事實(shí)，進(jìn)行正確的、合乎邏輯的推論和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的動(dòng)機(jī)和性格特征、作者的傾向態(tài)度等。解題方法讀懂原文，抓住關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)、句子或段落，透徹理解文章內(nèi)容,注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次和邏輯關(guān)系，仔細(xì)斟酌，作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷和引申。18歷年高考題中出現(xiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)形式：Fromthetext,welearnthatthediaryisnowownedby______.(NMET’99)Vanvergarges’remarksuggeststhat______.(NMET’98)Afterreadingthestory,whatcanweinferaboutthehospital?(NMET’96)WhatdidGregRotaprobablydointheend?（2004全國(guó)Ⅰ）Doyouknowthefollowingsentences19

Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.“Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor'sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.”Itcanbeinferredfromthedirectionsthatthismedicine________.A.helpsyoutofallasleepquicklyB.maybedangeroustosmallchildrenC.cannotbetakenifonefeelssleepyD.shouldn'tbetakenbychildrenundersix20(四）主旨大意題此類題主要針對(duì)的主題、中心思想、主題句或主題段、作者的寫作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在準(zhǔn)確理解全文后歸納短文要點(diǎn)、概括中心思想，也分析和歸納段落大意、重要情節(jié)等。解題方法領(lǐng)會(huì)全文大意，靈活運(yùn)用概念、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯方法，真正理解文章的話題和中心思想。做這類試題需要考生具有總體把握文章的能力，以及善于運(yùn)用概念、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維能力。同時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意的是，一切從文章本身出發(fā)，切忌主觀臆斷。21Whatisthetopicofthetext?(NMET’93)Thetextismainlyabout____.(NMET’95)What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(NMET’98)Thisarticlemainlytellsaboutthestoryof____．(NMET’99)Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.(NMET2000)Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____.(NMET2000)Whatdoesthetextmainlydescribe?(2004全國(guó)Ⅳ

Doyouknowthefollowingsentences22

Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Thethingsthatakleptomaniastealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.

Q:Whatisthetopicofthetext?A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealingD.ANormalChild’sActions.

B23答題的基本步驟

1.先看問(wèn)題，再讀文章：帶著問(wèn)題閱讀短文，確定主攻方向，根據(jù)不同題型，選用不同閱讀方法。

2.細(xì)讀全文，認(rèn)真推敲：針對(duì)題目的要求，細(xì)心閱讀與試題有關(guān)的詞匯、句子或段落，要特別留心一些信息詞，它們既是檢查的重點(diǎn)，也是把握全文意思的突破口。因此必須準(zhǔn)確判斷，仔細(xì)斟酌，以便選出最佳答案。

3.復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案：在選出全部答案后，應(yīng)將答案帶入問(wèn)題中重讀全文，看前后意思是否貫通，有無(wú)矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，則要考慮重選答案。24注意事項(xiàng)1.所選有據(jù)，避免主觀閱讀他人作品，理解他人的意圖，必須以作者的思維模式為準(zhǔn)繩，以原文提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)邏輯關(guān)系為自己思維活動(dòng)的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，切忌把自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法與原文或作者的觀點(diǎn)和看法混為一談，自以為是。2.符合原文的答案＝正確答案≠最佳答案閱讀題要求選的是最佳答案，有的答案從某個(gè)枝節(jié)來(lái)看是對(duì)，但從全文來(lái)看則不是最佳的。因此，必須通盤考慮，取主題，舍枝節(jié)。3.解題有法，但無(wú)定法，貴在得法。要答好閱讀理解題，必須多讀、巧讀和善于思考。要不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量，拓寬閱讀面，提高閱讀速度，同時(shí)也要探索和總結(jié)適合自己方法，實(shí)踐出真知，多練出效益。25

A

Ienteredhighschoolhavingreadhundredsofbooks.ButIwasnotagoodreader.Merelybookish,IlackedapointofviewwhenIread.Rather,Ireadinordertogetapointofview.Isearchedbooksforgoodexpressionsandsayings,piecesofinformation,ideas,themes—anythingtoenrichmythoughtandmakemefeeleducated.WhenoneofmyteacherssuggestedtohissleepytenthgradeEnglishclassthatapersoncouldnothavea“complicatedidea”untilhehadreadatleasttwothousandbooks,Iheardthewordswithoutrecognizingeitheritsirony(嘲諷)oritsverycomplicatedtruth.ImerelydeterminedtomakealistofallthebooksIhadeverread.Strictwithmyself,IincludedonlyonceatitleImighthavereadseveraltimes.(How,afterall,couldonereadabookmorethanonce?)AndIincludedonlythosebooksoverahundredpagesinlength.(Couldanythingshorterbeabook?)TherewasyetanotherhighschoollistImade.OnedayIcameacrossanewspaperarticleaboutanEnglishprofessoratanearbystatecollege.Thearticlehadalistofthe“hundredmostimportantbooksofWesternCivilization”

“Morethananythingelseinmylife,”theprofessortoldthereporter

withfinality,“thesebookshavemademeallthatIam.”ThatwasthekindofwordsIcouldn’tignore.Ikeptthelistfortheseveralmonthsittookmetoreadallofthetitles.Mostbooks,ofcourse,Ihardlyunderstood.WhilereadingPlato’sTheRepublic,forexample,Ineededtokeeplookingattheintroductionofthebooktoremindmyselfwhatthetextwasabout.However,withthespecialpatienceandsuperstition(迷信)ofaschoolboy,Ilookedateverywordofthetext.AndbythetimeIreachedthelastword,pleased,IpersuadedmyselfthatIhadreadTheRepublic,andseriouslycrossedPlatooffmylist.26

BWhenpeoplewanttoknowabouttheweather,theyusuallygototheirradios,TVs,newspapers,ortotheInternet.However,youcanalsofindmanyweathersignsamongwildlife,becauseoftheirhighlydevelopedsenses.Dropsinairpressureproduceaneffectonsmallanimalsinmanyways.Miceanddeeraregoodweatherindicators.Peoplewhospendalotoftimeoutdoorshaveobservedthat,beforeastorm,fieldmicecomeoutoftheirholesandrunaround.Deerleavehighgroundandcomedownfromthemountains.Birdsareespeciallygoodweatherindicatorsbecausetheyalsoshowtheeffectofapressuredropinmanyways.Forexample,somebirdsbecomeirritable(急躁的)andqu