英語語法倒裝句

倒裝句

在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時為了強調(diào)句子的某一部分或其他的原因，通常需要全部或部分移到主語的前面，這種語序就叫倒裝。一、全部倒裝和部分倒裝倒裝可分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。1、全部倒裝，又叫主謂倒裝。如：Herearesomelettersforyou.Downfelltherain.雨傾盆而下。但主語如果是人稱代詞時，主語則不能倒裝。如：Awaytheygo.他們走了。Hereweare.我們到了。2、部分倒裝，又叫主語與助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝。如：NeverhaveIheardsuchathing.我從未聽說過這樣的事。OnlytodaydidIlearntheterriblenews.我今天才聽到這可怕的消息。一、倒裝句的用法英語中倒裝句常用于下列場合：（一）

某些句型⑴疑問句。如：Can’tyoujustwearaflowerinstead?難道你就不可以戴朵花嗎？Howareyougettingonwithyourproject?你那項工程進展如何？Haveyoufinishedwritingthereport?你報告寫好了嗎？

Wouldyoumindsendinghimamessageforme?請你幫我?guī)€口信給他好嗎？但疑問詞作主語或修飾主語時，句子則不必倒裝。如：WhatisonattheCapitalTheatertomorrow?明天首都劇院上演什么？Howmanystudentsaremakingthetrip?有多少學(xué)生參加這次旅行？⑵表示祝愿的句型。如：Mayyouliveahappylife!祝你生活愉快！LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!中華人民共和國萬歲！⑶therebe句型。如：Therewillbeafootballmatchthisafternoon.今天下午有一場足球賽。Therewasanappletreebehindthehouse.這座房子后面過去有一棵蘋果樹。⑷以here,there或out,in,up,down,away,now,then等副詞引導(dǎo)的句型，其謂語動詞通常不帶助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。如：Herecomesthebus.公共汽車來了。Outrushedthechildren.孩子們沖了出去。Theregoesthebell.零聲響了。Awaywenttheboy.那個男孩走了。Nowcomesyourturn.現(xiàn)在輪到你了。⑸neither/nor/so+be/have,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主語，這一句型表示前面內(nèi)容也適用于另一個人或物。如：Hismotherisillthisweek.Soishissister.這星期他媽媽病了，他姐姐也病了。Ican’tspeakFrench.Norcanhe.我不會說法語，他也不會。Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neitherhashe.我從未出國過，他也沒有。

Hehadnofriends,nordidhewishtomakeany.他沒有朋友，也不想交朋友。Weweretired,andsoweretheothers.我們累了，別人也累了。⑹非真實條件句中，條件從句中的if省略時，had,were,should要與主語倒裝。如：Shouldyouchangeyourmind,letusknow.如果你改變主意，就告訴我們。(=Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,letusknow.

HadIrealizedwhatyouintended（打算、想要、意欲）Ishouldnothavewastedmytimetryingtoexplainmatterstoyou.要是我早了解你的意圖，我就不會浪費時間向你作解釋了。（=IfIhadrealizedwhatyouintended,Ishouldnothavewastedmytimetryingtoexplainmatterstoyou.)Wereshemydaughter,Icouldsuggestseveralstepstotake.如果她是我的女兒，我就建議采取幾個步驟。(=Ifsheweremydaughter,Icouldsuggestseveralstepstotake.)⑺在比較和方式狀語從句中，如果主語不是人稱代詞，?？稍谥髡Z前添加助動詞do來代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的動詞。如：

Ispendmorethandomyfriends.我花費的比我朋友的多。Shetraveledagreatdeal,asdidmostherfriends.

她到處旅行，去過很多地方，她的多數(shù)朋友也是這樣。（一）

一些詞語開始的句子

⑴句首是否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時，常用部分倒裝。這類詞語有：few,hardly,hardly…when,innoway,little,much/even/stillless,never,nolonger,nowhere,notoften,notonly…butalso,notuntil,seldom等。如：

Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet.世界上沒有別的地方能向這樣美，這樣幽靜。Notonlydoesheplayfootball,buthealsoclimbsmountains.他不僅踢球，而且還爬山。Notasinglebookhadhereadthatmonth.那個月他一本書也沒看。HardlyhadIarrivedwhenitbegantorain.我剛一到達，天就開始下雨了。

NevershallIforgetit.我永遠也不會忘記這一點。

但是，當(dāng)句子的主語由little或less修飾時，主謂則不倒裝。如：LittlehelpcanbeexpectedfromPeter.不要指望彼得幫忙。

⑵句首是only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或從句等作狀語時，常用部分倒裝。如：Only

thendidIunderstandwhatshemeant.只是到了那時我才明白她的意思。OnlyafterayeardidIbegintoseetheresultsofmywork.只是在過了一年以后，我才開始看到我工作的成果啊。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1949washeabletogetbackhome.只是在1949年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，他才能夠返回家鄉(xiāng)。

⑶為了保持句子平衡，或為了強調(diào)表語或狀語，或使上下文緊密銜接,用完全倒裝形式。如：

Withhimwasamanofnomorethanforty.跟他在一起的是一個不到四十歲的男子。Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.他們走到了一間屋子，屋前坐著一個小男孩。Onahillinfrontofthemstoodagreatcastle.在他們面前的山上有一座巨大的城堡。

⑷直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時，有時也用倒裝。如：“Let’sgo,”suggestedHenry.“Whoispaying?”shoutedthefatmanatthecorner.“由誰付錢？”角落里的胖子叫喊道?！癢hatdoyoumean?”askedHenry.

但主語如果是代詞時，主謂則不要倒裝。如：“Whatdoyoumean?”heasked.他問道：“你是什么意思？”倒裝句專項練習(xí)【】1.So

thatnofishcanliveinit.A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow【】2.Onlyinthisway

progressinyourEnglishA.youmakeB.canyoumakeC.youbeabletomakeD.willyouabletomakemyclassmatesCB【

】3.“Howdidyouenjoythattrip?”“I’mafraidnot.And

.”A.myclassmatesdon’teitherB.myclassmatesdon’ttooC.neitherdomyclassmatesD.neitherdidmyclassmates【】4.—DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?—Idon’tknow,

A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso【】5.NotuntilIbegantowork

howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.IrealizeDBB【】6.—Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfather.—

.Let’sstophereforarest.A.NeitheramIB.NeithercanIC.Idon’tthinksoD.Ithinkso【】7.Onthetopofthehill

wheretheoldmanoncelived.A.atemplestandsthereB.atemplestandingC.doesatemplestandD.standsatempleBD【】8.Pioneermenandwomenendured(忍受)terriblehardships,and

.A.

sodotheirchildrenB.neitherdidthechildrenC.alsodothechildrenD.sodidtheirchildren【】9.Now

!A.

comethebusB.comesthebusC.comesitD.comethey【】10.

himbefore.A.neverwehaveseenB.NeverdidweseeC.NeverhavewesawD.NeverhaveweseenDBD【

】11.

outthanitbegantorain.A.

NosoonerhehadgoneB.NosoonerdidhegoC.HardlyhadhegoneD.Nosoonerhadhegone【】12.

scientist,butheisalsoafighter.A.NotonlyheisB.NotonlyisheC.NotmerelyheisD.Notonlyishea【】13.Notasoul

.A.

hadweseenB.wehadseenC.didweseeD.haveweseenDDD【】14.Eastoftheriver

twobuildings.A.liesB.standsC.lieD.arestanding【】15.

,suchspellingmistakesmighthavebeenavoided.A.YouhadbeenmorecarefulB.YouhavebeenmorecarefulC.HaveyoubeenmorecarefulD.HadyoubeenmorecarefulCD【】16.Nosooner

tobedthanhefellasleep.A.hewentB.didhegoC.hehadgoneD.hadhegone【】17.—Whereismypencil?—

.A.

HereisnotB.TheretheyareC.TherearetheyD.Hereitis【】18.

whohadarrestedhimfourtimesforstealing.A.

BeforeTomthepolicemanstoodB.

BeforeTomstoodthepolicemanC.

ThepolicemanstoodbeforeTomD.

BeforethepolicemanstoodTomDDB【】19.Look!

.A.HereyourteachercomesB.ComeshereyourteacherC.YourteachercomeshereD.Herecomesyourteacher【】20.

,shewasalreadyalawyer.A.

HowyoungwassheB.AsshewasyoungC.YoungasshewasD.YoungalthoughshewasDC【】21.

arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.GoneB.GoC.TogoD.Going【】22.Manyatime

swimmingalone.A.

theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy【】23.

richandstrong!A.OurcountrymaygoB.MayyourcountrygoC.YourcountrygoesD.DoesyourcountrygoACB【】24.“IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?”

.A.MrsBrownaskedB.DidMrsBrownaskC.MrsBrowndidaskD.askedMrsBrown【】25.

ontheshelf.A.TwobottlesarethereB.TherearetwobottlesC.AretheretwobottlesD.TwobottlesthereareDB【】26.Onthewall

twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging【】27.—Tom,youhavelostyourhandkerchief.—Oh,yes.

.A.SohaveIB.SoIhaveC.SoIhave,tooD.SohaveI,too【】28.Accordingtotheshoppinglist,

adozenofsocks.A.thereseemstobeB.itseemsC.thereseemtobeD.itseemBBC【】29Notuntiltwelveo’clock

downtosleep.A.

helaidB.washelyingC.didhelieD.hecouldlie【】30.Notonly

thismachinebut

it.A.

canherun;canherepairB.canherun;hecanrepairC.hecanrun;hecanrepairD.hecanrun;canherepairCB【】31.Happy

todevotethemselves

theirmotherland.A.theheroesare;toB.aretheheroes;toC.theheroesare;forD.aretheheroes;for【】32.Gone

whenwewereoppressed(壓迫)。A.

arethedaysB.thedayswillgoC.thedayshaveD.thedaysareBA【】33.Inhardlyanysituation

findhewassad.A.

youcanB.canyouC.thatyoucanD.thatcanyou【】34.

,hewouldhavesucceeded.A.IfheworkedhardB.IfheweretoworkhardC.HadheworkedhardD.Ifhewastoworkhard【】35.“Whatdoesitmean?”

.A.theboyaskB.asktheboyC.askedtheboyD.askedheBCC【】36.Often

.A.doeshegiveusgoodadviceB.hegiveussomegoodadvicesC.hashegivenusgoodadviceD.hehasgivenusgoodadvices【】37.ThedoctoraskedCharlietobreathedeeply.

.A.

CharliedoessoB.CharliedidsoC.SodoesCharlieD.SodidCharlieAB【】38.

tellme

togototheconcert?A.

Theywon’t,whytheydon’twantB.

Couldyou,whywon’ttheywantC.

Theywon’t,whydon’ttheywantD.

Couldyou,whytheydon’twant【】39.

,sheisstillasstrongasyou.A.

AsoldsheisB.OldassheisC.AssheisoldD.Butsheisold【】40.Mygrandfather