ReadingandTinking--AppreciatedifferentformsofEnglishPoemsUnit5Poems1.LearnaboutdifferentformsofEnglishpoetry,andlearnrepresentativerelatedpoetryworks;3.LearntoappreciatethefeelingsofEnglishpoetry.2.Masterthe

featuresofdifferentformsofEnglishpoetry;LearningObjectivesLet’sappreciatethepoem—TheRoadNotTaken

Leadin林子里有兩條路，我——選擇了行人稀少的那一條，它改變了我的一生?！_伯特·弗羅斯特《未選擇的路》Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,AndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;Thoughasforthat,thepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,TheRoadNotTaken

—RobertFrostAndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI—Itooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthedifference.Whydoyouthinkpeoplewritepoems?to

createimagesforthereaderstotellastorytoexpressfeelingstomakeotherslaughtoplaywithwords

…tocreateamoodtoexpressapointofviewtoencouragepeopletorecallanenjoyableorunpleasantincidentLet’sguess!GuessChinesepoemsaccordingtotheEnglishtranslationAbed,Iseeasilverlight,Iwonderifit’sfrost(霜）aground.Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright;Bowing(低頭),inhomesickness(想家的)I’mdrowned.靜夜思床前明月光，疑是地上霜。舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉(xiāng)。Ilookforherinvain.WhenallatonceIturnmyhead,Ifindhertherewherelanternlightisdimly(朦朧)shed.青玉案·元夕—辛棄疾眾里尋他千百度，驀然回首，那人卻在，燈火闌珊處。Thismorn(破曉)ofspringinbedI’mlying,NotwakeuptillIhearbirdscrying.Afteronenightofwindandshowers,Howmanyarethefallenflowers!春曉—孟浩然春眠不覺曉，處處聞啼鳥。夜來風(fēng)雨聲，花落知多少。

VeryquietlyItakemyleaveAsquietlyasIcamehere;QuietlyIwavegood-byeTotherosycloudsinthewesternsky.再別康橋輕輕的我走了，正如我輕輕的來；我輕輕的招手，作別西天的云彩。Thefurthestdistance(距離)intheworldisnotthewayfrombirthtotheend.ItiswhenIstandinfrontofyoubutyoudon’tunderstandIloveyou.世界上最遙遠(yuǎn)的距離不是生與死，而是我就站在你面前，你卻不知道我愛你。——泰戈?duì)?印度詩人)Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?冬天來了,春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?——雪萊EnjoyanEnglishpoemTwinkletwinklelittlestarHowIwonderwhatyouare,UpabovetheworldsohighLikeadiamondinthesky.line(詩行):4linesrhyme

(韻腳):aabbsimile

(明喻)：as,like…metaphor

(暗/隱喻)：Thenightskyisacurtainonwhicheverystarisashiningdiamond.NureryrhymeThereasonsAfewofsimplerformsNurseryrhymes（童謠）Listpoems（清單詩）Cinquain（五行詩）Haiku（俳句）

TangPoem（唐詩）

AFewSimpleFormsofEnglishPoemsTherearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribeacertainimageinthereader'smind.Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyandsorrow.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofpoetryoftenincludeeconomicaluseofwords,descriptiveandvividlanguage,integratedimagery,literarydevicessuchassimilesandmetaphors,andarrangementofwords,lines,rhymes,andrhythm.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Nowwewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.各種各樣的寫詩+定從某種意象傳達(dá)悲傷顯著的特點(diǎn)簡潔的描述性的生動(dòng)的語言整體的意象文學(xué)手法明喻暗喻編排行韻腳節(jié)奏詩人表達(dá)人們寫詩的原因多種多樣。有些詩講述一個(gè)故事，有的在讀者心中描繪出一個(gè)意象。還有一些詩歌則試圖表達(dá)特定的情感，如喜悅和悲傷。詩歌的顯著特點(diǎn)通常包括精煉的用詞，生動(dòng)的描述性語言和生動(dòng)，整體的意象，類似明喻和隱喻的文學(xué)手法，以及字詞、詩行、韻腳和節(jié)奏的編排。詩人用許多不同的詩歌形式來表達(dá)自己?，F(xiàn)在，我們來看看幾個(gè)較為簡單的詩歌形式。SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.Theyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsor

folksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes,likePoemA,istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymesbecausetheyrhyme,haveastrongrhythm,andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.省略that的定從童謠民謠簡明恰當(dāng)故事情節(jié)+原因狀從押韻詩重復(fù)有意義矛盾的背誦一個(gè)孩童最初學(xué)會(huì)的一些英文詩歌就是童謠。它們通常是傳統(tǒng)的詩歌或民謠。這些童謠的語言恰到好處，卻含有故事情節(jié)，如詩歌A。很多孩子喜歡童謠，因?yàn)樗鼈冄喉?，?jié)奏強(qiáng)，而且經(jīng)常重復(fù)相同的字眼。這些童謠可能沒有道理，甚至看起來自相矛盾，但很容易學(xué)習(xí)和背誦。通過童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學(xué)會(huì)了語言。A[?:][iη][a:][?u][u]storyline(故事線）Hush,littlebaby,don’tsayaword,Papa’sgonna

buyyouamockingbird.

Ifthatmockingbirdwon’tsing,Papa’sgonna

buyyouadiamondring.Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass,Papa’sgonna

buyyoualookingglass.Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,Papa’sgonna

buyyouabillygoat.Ifthatbillygoatwon’tpull,Papa’sgonna

buyyouacartandbull.repetition（重復(fù)）NureryrhymeNurseryrhymesrhyme（押韻）噓噓，小寶貝，別說話，爸爸給你買只知更鳥，知更鳥，不唱歌，爸爸給你買枚鉆石戒，鉆石戒，變黃銅，爸爸給你買面小鏡子，小鏡子，打碎了，爸爸給你買只小山羊，小山羊，不肯拉，爸爸給你買架牛拉車。Hush,littlebaby,don’tsayaword,Papa’sgonna

buyyouamockingbird.

Ifthatmockingbirdwon’tsing,Papa’sgonna

buyyouadiamondring.Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass,Papa’sgonna

buyyoualookingglass.Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke,Papa’sgonna

buyyouabillygoat.Ifthatbillygoatwon’tpull,Papa’sgonna

buyyouacartandbull.Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe"listpoem",which

contains

alistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptions

thatdevelopaparticulartheme.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphrases

whichgivebothapattern

andarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme(likeBandC),whileothersdonot.“清單詩”是最簡單的詩歌形式之一，它包含了一系列有關(guān)事物、人物、想法或描述內(nèi)容的清單，形成了特定的主題。清單詩的詩行長度靈活，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的短語賦予詩歌某種模式和節(jié)奏。有些清單詩押韻(如詩歌B和詩歌C)，而另一些則不押韻。清單詩+非定從包含一系列描述+定從特定的主題靈活的長度短語+定從模式節(jié)奏押韻然而，表對比/轉(zhuǎn)折ListpoemsListpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphrases.

OnlyOneMotherHundredsofstarsintheprettysky,Hundredsofshells

ontheshoretogether,Hundredsofbirdsthatgosingingby,

Hundredsoflambsinthesunnyweather,Hundredsofdewdropstogreetthedawn,Hundredsofbeesinthepurpleclover,Hundredsofbutterfliesonthelawn,Butonlyonemothertheworldover.GeorgeCooper

母親天空夜星如織，海濱貝殼滿地，鳥兒鳴唱飛過，蜜蜂沐浴陽光，黎明四野朝露，苜蓿蜜蜂成群，草叢蝴蝶爭艷，但世界浩瀚，我唯有一母。BListpoemsListpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphrases.Somerhyme,whilesomenot.

Life

Lifecanbegood,Lifecanbebad,Lifeismostlycheerful,Butsometimessad,Lifecanbedreams,Lifecanbegreatthoughts,Lifecanmeanaperson,Sittingincourt.

生活生活可能美滿，生活可能糟糕，生活常常充滿歡樂，但有時(shí)令人沮喪。生活可能是夢幻一場，生活可能是偉大的理想。生活可能是一個(gè)人，獨(dú)坐在法庭上。CTypeofpoemCharacteristicsExampleTopicsandpoeticdevicesListpoem（清單詩）BClistsofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsofaparticularthemeflexiblelinelengthrepeatedphrasesforpatternsandrhythmnaturerepetitionlife repetitionP51表格Anothersimpleformofpoemthat

amateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,which

ismadeupoffivelines.Withthese,youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.Lookattheexample(D).

（對于）業(yè)余愛好者（而言）容易創(chuàng)作的另一種簡單詩歌形式是五行詩。它由五個(gè)詩行構(gòu)成。通過這些詩行，你可以用短短幾句話就表達(dá)出一幅動(dòng)人的畫面或某種心情。請看范例(詩歌D)。業(yè)余愛好者+定從五行詩+非定從由...組成傳達(dá)某種情緒(noun.)(adj.)(v-ing.)CinquainD

oneword(showthetopoc)

twoadjs(describethecharactertraits)

threeverbs(describeactions)

fourwords(conveyopinionsorfeelings)

oneword(restatethetopic)結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題

1.Whatdotheauthormainlytalkabout?his/herbrother2.Doyouthinkthewriterlikehis/herbrother?Pleasegiveareasonforyouranswer.Yes.Theauthorshowshislovetohis/herbrotherinhiswords兄弟愛美，又愛運(yùn)動(dòng)愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑是我的朋友也是我的敵人BrotherBeautiful,athletic

Teasing,shouting,laughingFriendandenemytooMineTypeofpoemCharacteristicsExampleTopicsandpoeticdevicesCinquain（五行詩）DsimpleformfivelinesbrotherstrongpictureormoodP51表格CinquainHaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythat

consistsof17syllables.Ithasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllablesrespectively.ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry,butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters.Itiseasytowriteand,likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingveryfewwords.Thehaikupoem(E)ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese,which

showsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly.俳句+定從由...組成音節(jié)格式包含分別受...歡迎翻譯+非定從脆弱的蝴蝶

AfallenblossomIscomingbacktothebranch.Look,abutterfly!HaikuE1.Whatwasitthatfellonthebranch?

A.afallenblossomB.adeadleafC.adelicatebutterflyD.ahappybird2.Whichsentenceistrue?A.HaikuoriginatesfromEurope.B.HaikuispopularwithJapanesewriters.C.HaikuisatraditionalformofJapanesepoetrywith17rhythms.D.Haikushowaclearpictureandconveyaspecialfeeling.落下的花朵卻又回到了枝頭。瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！TypeofpoemCharacteristicsExampleTopicsandpoeticdevicesHaiku(俳句)E17syllablesthreelinescontaining5,7,and5syllablesrespectivelyP51表格nature忽見落櫻返枝頭，原是花飛逗蝶舞。EnglishspeakersalsoenjoypoemsfromChina,thosefromtheTangDynastyinparticular.AlotofTangpoetryhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish,suchasthisone(F).以英語為母語的人也喜歡中國的詩歌，尤其是唐詩。很多唐詩已經(jīng)被翻譯成英文，比如這首(詩歌F)。尤其，特別betranslatedinto被翻譯為......WheresheawaitsherhusbandOnandontheriverflows.Neverlookingback,Transformedintostone.Daybydayuponthemountaintop,windandrainrevolve.Shouldthetravelerreturn,thisstonewouldutterspeech.WangJian望夫石

王

建望夫處，江悠悠,化為石，不回頭。山頭日日風(fēng)復(fù)雨，行人歸來石應(yīng)語。1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanconveythewoman’sfeelings?A.lonelinessB.joyC.loveD.trustE.angerF.hateG.sorrow2.Whatrhetoricaldevice(修辭手法)isusedinthesentence?personification(擬人)TangPoetryFTypeofpoemCharacteristicsExampleTopicsandpoeticdevicesTangpoemFstructuredP51表格waiting望夫石唐·王建望夫處，江悠悠。化為石，不回頭。山頭日日風(fēng)復(fù)雨。行人歸來石應(yīng)語。Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,youmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsofyourown.Giveitatry!有這么多不同的詩歌形式可供選擇，你可能最終想寫自己寫幾首詩。試一試吧!QuizaboutFORMSofEnglishpoems._________ismadeupof17syllables.Nurseryrhymeshavestrong__________andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Cinquainconsistsof______lines.Someofthefirstpoemsayo