高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法詞匯復(fù)習(xí)系列第四章形容詞和副詞形容詞用來(lái)修飾、說(shuō)明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。而副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個(gè)句子，有時(shí)也能修飾名詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等。高考重點(diǎn)要求：1、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)常用句型2、形容詞的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法和副詞的位置3、多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序4、分清常用同義、近義形容詞、副詞在表達(dá)中的語(yǔ)義差別第一節(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)概述一、形容詞形容詞在句子中的作用1．大部分形容詞能作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如：abeautifulpark一座美麗的公園TheplayTea-house（茶館）isbothmovingandinteresting.Wholeftthewindowopen?2．“定冠詞the+形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人或物，作“主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)”，意思為“……的一種人”，“……的一類(lèi)東西或事情”。如：Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.（新事物將代替舊事物。）Theyoungarefondofsports.(年輕人喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。)3．有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)如：ill,glad,asleep,afraid,alive(活著的)，alone(單獨(dú)的)４．某些動(dòng)詞加-ed和–ing都可構(gòu)成形容詞，加-ed的形容詞表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容詞則用來(lái)描寫(xiě)事物，如：Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.５．有些名詞加后綴可變成形容詞，如：lovely,friendly,windy,careful,careless,wooden等形容詞在句子中的位置1．形容詞一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，形容詞排列的次序一般應(yīng)考慮下面二種情況。（1）與被修飾名詞關(guān)系比較密切的形容詞位置靠近名詞，如：anexcitingAmericanfilm（2）音節(jié)少的形容詞位置在前，音節(jié)多的形容位置在后。2．在下列情況下，形容詞應(yīng)后置：（1）修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,anything,nothing等，如：anythingimportant,nothingeasy（2）同表示數(shù)量的詞組連用，如：twentyfeetlong,fiveyearsold3．幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一名詞時(shí)，一般順序?yàn)榇笮。╨ittle除外）、形狀、色彩、由來(lái)、用途。如：afineroundmaple（楓木）writingtable,afamousoldEnglishcountryhouse二、副詞副詞在句子中的作用副詞在句子中主要用作狀語(yǔ)，許多副詞皆由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成，如：careful-carefully.副詞主要被分為以下幾種：1．時(shí)間副詞，如：often，early，usually，now2．地點(diǎn)副詞，如：here，above，outside，below，there3．方式副詞，如：hard，fast，badly，well4．程度副詞，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost5．疑問(wèn)副詞，如：how，when，why副詞在句子中的位置時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞的位置表示確定時(shí)間的副詞和地點(diǎn)的副詞，一般放在句尾，如句中同時(shí)有地點(diǎn)副詞和時(shí)間副詞，地點(diǎn)副詞通常在前，時(shí)間副詞在后。修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除enough后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。副詞在此作狀語(yǔ)。如：bewellenough,gofastenough修飾動(dòng)詞的方式副詞有以下幾種修飾不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，該副詞要后置，如：singwell修飾及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可放在被修飾詞之前或賓語(yǔ)之后；如賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)也可放在動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)之間。如：studyEnglishhard，seeclearlythewordsontheblackboard及物動(dòng)詞和副詞（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）組成的動(dòng)詞詞組，其賓語(yǔ)是名詞，該名詞可放在副詞之前或之后：如是代詞，該代詞一定要放在副詞前。Hecutdownthetree./Hecutthetreedown./Hecutitdown.４.形容詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：兩者比較情況一樣，常用“as+形容詞原級(jí)+as”句型。Heisastallashismonitor.兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“notso/as+形容詞原級(jí)+as”句型。Atraindoesn’ttravelsofastasaplane.三者或三者以上比較，表示某人某物“最……”時(shí)，用“the+形容詞最高級(jí)+比較范圍”句型。Asiaisbyfarthelargestofthesevencontinents.Shewrites(the)mostcarefullyofthethree.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)“越來(lái)越……”Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.Sheisbecomingmoreandmoreactiveintakingpartinsocialactivities.the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)“越……越……”Theharderhestudies,thegreaterprogresshewillmake.第二節(jié)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)1.形容詞一般按限定詞，一般性描繪、大小、長(zhǎng)短和高低、形狀、年齡和新舊、顏色、國(guó)籍、地區(qū)和出處、物質(zhì)和材料、用途和類(lèi)別這一順序來(lái)修飾名詞的。2.在名詞前出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常涉及詞的排列順序問(wèn)題。例如：afatoldlady不能說(shuō)成anoldfatlady，asmallblackleatherhandbag不能說(shuō)成aleatherblacksmallhandbag等。3.形容詞的詞序問(wèn)題比較復(fù)雜，前置形容詞的排列順序由它們和被修飾名詞之間的關(guān)系決定，關(guān)系密切的靠近被修飾詞，關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)的離之稍遠(yuǎn)。4.在as+形容詞／副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu)前可加上nearly,almost,just,quietly,half,exactly,及倍數(shù)表示比較的程度。例如：Myincomeishalfashighasmyfather.5.最高級(jí)前可用nearly,almost,about,next,byfar,bynomeans或序數(shù)詞進(jìn)行修飾。例如：Ofthethreeboys,Mikeisbynomeansthemostdiligent.

6.比較級(jí)的其他用法

1）比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)“越來(lái)越……”。例如：

Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.

2）themore…themore…“越……，越……”。例如：

Themorefruityoueat,thehealthieryouwillbe.

3）nomorethan“只不過(guò)，僅僅”，后面接名詞或數(shù)詞，起形容詞作用。例如：

Whatheissayingisnomorethanajoke.他所講的只不過(guò)是個(gè)玩笑而已。

4）nomore…than…“和……同樣不……”。例如：

HecannomoreplaythepianothanIcanplaybasketball.他不會(huì)彈鋼琴和我同樣不會(huì)打籃球一樣5）nolessthan“多達(dá)，竟有……之多，不下于”。例如：

Therewerenolessthantwothousandpeopleatthematch.這場(chǎng)比賽不下于兩千人到場(chǎng)觀看。

6）noless…than“和……一樣，不遜于”。例如：

Ourmonitorisnolessdiligentthanheusedtobe.我們的班長(zhǎng)和以前一樣勤奮。二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、Ataroughestimate,Nigeriais____GreatBritain.A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeof答案為D?！窘馕觥繖z查考生對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句（附加疑問(wèn)句）的掌握和運(yùn)用能力。A是B的三倍通?？墒褂靡韵聨追N形式：1)Aisthreetimesasadj.（原級(jí)）asB2)Aistwiceadj.（比較級(jí)）thanB3)Then.ofAisthreetimesthatofB4)Aisthreetimesthe+n.ofB。例2、Manystudentssignedupforthe_________raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.A.800metrelongB.800metreslongC.800metrelengthD.800metreslength答案為A?！窘馕觥块L(zhǎng)、寬、高及年齡等作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)位置可在前也可在后，在前邊時(shí)要注意加連字符“-”，其中單位名詞用單數(shù)，其形式為：數(shù)字—單位名稱(chēng)單數(shù)—長(zhǎng)、寬、高等。如放在后邊，不用連字符，數(shù)詞大于1要用復(fù)數(shù)。從題干看：800米遠(yuǎn)的比賽應(yīng)為800meterlong例3、Attimes,worryingisanormal____responsetoadifficulteventorsituation----alovedonebeinginjuredinanaccident,forexample.A.effective B.individual C.inevitableD.unfavorable答案：C【解析】effective有效的；individual個(gè)人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。例4、You'restandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove________?A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefar答案為B?！窘馕觥縯oonear的意思是“太近了”，說(shuō)話(huà)人的意圖是讓對(duì)方站在比這遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)，所以要用副詞的比較級(jí)。這句話(huà)的意思是：你站得太靠近鏡頭了。你能離遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)嗎?abitof后接名詞。例5、Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,________.A.ourholidaywillbebetterB.ourholidaywillbethebetterC.thebetterourholidaywillbeD.thebetterwillourholidaybe答案為C?！窘馕觥俊皌hemore…themore…”的意思是“越……越……”。由于選項(xiàng)A、B和D的詞序都不對(duì)，所以不能作為答案。這句話(huà)的意思是：近年來(lái)，旅游公司成功地向我們推銷(xiāo)了這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：我們走得越遠(yuǎn)，我們的假期過(guò)得越好。例6、Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_________itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas答案為D?！窘馕觥吭赼s/so…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè)as/so是副詞，后接形容詞；第二個(gè)as是連接詞，后接句子。其正確語(yǔ)序?yàn)閍smuchanartas.這句話(huà)的意思是：人們普遍相信，教學(xué)像科學(xué)一樣是一門(mén)藝術(shù)。例7、Americanseat_______vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyasD.morethantwiceasmany答案為D?！窘馕觥坎徽撃姆N形式的比較級(jí)其修飾詞均應(yīng)放在前面。morethantwice表示數(shù)量，放在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前的意思是“是……的兩倍多”。譯文：美國(guó)人現(xiàn)在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的兩倍多。例8、—Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.—Youcanneverbe________carefulinthestreet.A.muchB.veryC.soD.too答案為D?！窘馕觥糠穸ㄔ~not/no/never+too/enough結(jié)構(gòu)表示“再怎么……也不過(guò)分”或“越……越好”。這句話(huà)的意思是：在街上(騎自行車(chē))你越小心越好。例9、Broadlyspeaking,IwouldagreewithShirley,thoughnot________A.widelyB.thoroughlyC.entirelyD.extensively答案為C【解析】本題考察副詞辨義，widely:廣泛地，很大程度上；thoroughly徹底地，entirely完全地，extensively大量地、廣闊地、巨大地。根據(jù)句意，說(shuō)話(huà)人并非完全同意她的意見(jiàn)，notentirely（不完全地）恰如其分地表達(dá)了這一意思。例10、—Youdon'tlookvery________.Areyouill?—No,I'mjustabittired.A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy答案為B?！窘馕觥繌念}意看，look在這里是系詞(看上去，看起來(lái))后應(yīng)加形容詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性均符合，但good是指人品好壞或東西好壞；strong則表示結(jié)實(shí)、強(qiáng)壯，與題意不符。healthy“健康的，健壯的”。well可作形容詞和副詞。作形容詞時(shí)表示“健康的；氣色好”，用于修飾人。第三節(jié)鞏固練習(xí)Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith_____moneyand______people.A.less…less B.fewer...fewer C.less...fewer D.fewer...less—CanIhelpyou?—Well,I’mafraidtheboxis______heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.much C.very D.too—Excuseme,isthisMr.Brown’soffice?—I’msorry,butMr.Brown______workshere.Heleftaboutthreeweeksago.A.notnow B.nomoreC.notstillD.nolongerThepianointheothershopwillbe______,but______.A.cheaper...notasbetterB.morecheap...notasbetterC.cheaper...notasgoodD.morecheap...notasgood______Iwenttotherailwaystationtoseemyfriendoff.A.Aftereatingquicklymydinner B.AftermyquicklyeatingdinnerC.Aftereatingmydinnerquickly D.AftereatingmyquicklydinnerMrs.smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive C.neverdriving D.neverdrive—Howdidyouthinkofvisittothemuseum?—Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas_____thanIexpected.A.farmoreinteresting B.evenmuchinterestingC.somoreinteresting D.alotmuchinterestingThoseorangestaste_____.A.good B.wellC.tobegood D.tobewellCanadaislargerthan______countryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.other D.anotherTheexperimentwas______easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmore C.muchD.moremuchWhichis______country,CanadaorAustralia?A.alargeB.largerC.alarger D.thelarger—WillyougivethismessagetoMrWhite,please?—Sorry,Ican’t.He______.A.doesn’tanymoreworkhereB.doesn’tanylongerhereworkC.doesn’tworkanymorehere D.doesn’tworkhereanylongerJohnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes______.A.openB.tobeopened C.toopen D.openingMyelderbrotheris______asinger______Iam.A.noother…than B.nomore…than C.notother…than D.notmore…thanSunlightis______necessary______freshairtoahealthybody.A.notless…than B.noless…than C.nomore…than D.notmore…thanShedoesn’tspeak_____herfriend,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.A.aswellasB.sooftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodasIttakesalongtimetogotherebytrain,it’s_____byroad.A.quick B.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker—Mum,IthinkI’m_____togetbacktoschool.—Notreally,Mydear.You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.A.sowell B.sogoodC.wellenough D.goodenough—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.—OK,butdoyouhave______sizeinblue?Thisone’sabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebiggerJohnplaysfootball______,ifnotbetterthanDavid.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowell D.sowellasIftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttime B.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttime D.amuchhappiertimeWeallwrite______,evenwhenthere’snotmuchtosay.A.nowandthen B.byandbyC.stepbystep D.moreorless—Doyouremember_____hecame?—YesIdo,hecamebycar.A.how B.whenC.then D.if24.Canyoubelievethatin_____arichcountrythereshouldbe_____manypoorpeople?A.such...such B.such...soC.so...so D.so...such—HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?—Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe______daysattheseaside.A.fewfastsunny B.lastfewsunny C.lastsunnyfew D.fewsunnylastIfweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_____greatitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverHowbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard_____.Athebettervoice B.agoodvoice C.thebestvoice D.abettervoiceWedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining______.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavilyWaittillyouaremore______.It’sbettertobesurethansorry.A.inspired B.satisfied C.clam D.certainIfIhad_____,I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingstories.A.alongenoughholiday B.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlong D.alongholidayenoughProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis_____knownforhisplays.A.thebest B.more C.better D.themost_____totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.Braveenoughstudents B.EnoughbravestudentsC.Studentsbraveenough D.StudentsenoughbraveIt’salwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,_____ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basically D.especiallyManypeoplehavehelpedwithcannedfood,however,thefoodbankneeds______forthepoor.A.more B.much C.many D.mostIamsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)______trick.A.ordinary B.easyC.smart D.simpleAswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedItwasn’t______hisappearanceIliked______hispersonality.A.somuch…as B.noless…than C.somuch…as D.nomore…thanIt’sbelievedthat______youwork,______resultyou’llget.A.theharder...thebetterB.themorehard...themorebetterC.theharder...abetterD.morehard...morebetterOfthetwoshirts,I’dliketochoose_______one.A.thelessexpensiveB.themostexpensiveC.lessexpensiveD.moreexpensiveWedon’tcareifahuntingd