第第頁傲慢與偏見中簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀的婚姻觀高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

本科生課程論文

論文題目：JaneAusten’sOutlooktowardMarriagein

PrideandPrejudice___________________

課程名稱：任課老師：

專業(yè)：英語〔師范〕班級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)：

姓名：

2022年11月22日

外國(guó)語學(xué)院制

高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

JaneAusten’sOutlooktowardMarriageinPrideandPrejudiceAbstract:JaneAustenuseironictonetonarratefourdifferentmarriagesinPrideandPrejudice,throughwhichstatedherviewofmarriagethataperfectmarriageshouldincludebothmoneyandloveande*pressedcontempttowardmoneyworship.

KeyWords:JaneAusten,outlooktowardmarriage,PrideandPrejudice,reflection

ThesisStatement:JaneAusten’sviewofmarriageisthatloveisthemostimportantelementinmarriagewhilemoneyisessential.

Ⅰ.BasicinformationofJaneAustenandPrideandPrejudice

JaneAusten(16December1775–18July1817)wasoneofthemostinfluentialEnglishnovelistin18thcentury.ShedescriedEnglishcountrylifewithvividword,whichwasregardedasfoundationofearlyrealisminliterature.Usingcriticalandsatirestylewriting,Janebitsocialillnessinahumourousway.Thoughthethemeandstoriesweresimilar,topicrelatedtomarriagewouldneverbecomeoutdate.Maybethat’sthereasonhernovelsremainedpopularalloverthecenturies.PrideandPrejudicewasJane’smagnumopus.Inthenovel,shenarratedseveralmarriagesthatweremadefordifferentreasons.Whilewelaughatthehumourousdialogues,thefateofthecharacters’arousesourthinkingtowardmarriage.Marryforbothofloveandmoneyisperfect.However,fewofusareasfortuneasElizabeth.Jane’soutlooktowardmarriagewasembodiedineachlineofthenovel.Women’sconsciousnessoffreedomandlovewasilluminatedadvanced.

Ⅱ.BackgroundofPrideandPrejudice

A.Englishsocietyinearly-19th-century

1.Values

Inthelate18thcenturyandthebeginningof19thcentury,BritainhadenlargeditscolonyinAustralia,NewZealandandIndia.OnaccountoftheIndependenceofAmerica,thenewcontinentbecameanimportantmarkettoe*port.Inaddition,afteraseriesofwars,BritainwonitsmaritimehegemonyacrosstheAtlantic.Inthecountry,theIndustrialRevolutionbroughtoutprosperityinfieldsofindustryandcommerce.“Anempireonwhichthesunneversets”hadrisen.

Thenewpowerwhichconsistedofabulkoftheemergingbourgeoisiesprungup.Socialwealthincreasedinadramaticwayduringthistime,whichnegativelyinfluencedpeople’svalue(Gao,Y.,.99).Theunprecedentedeagerandpurchasetowardfortunemademoneyworshipbecomethemainstreamofsociety.Peoplefantasizedtoberichduringonenight.Tomarryhighersocialpositionissuchashortcut.Inmanycases,marriageturnedtobeadealofmoneyratherthanabondoflove.

2.Women’sstatus

DuetotheboomofIndustryRevolution,thedemandoflaborincreased(Bai,S,L.,139).Withmorewomentookpartinworks,theirpositionimproved.Aftertheenlightenment,humanismhadbeenenjoyingpopularsupport.Besides,thenewemergingbourgeoisiewereopen-minded.Theadvancedelementsofthemappealedrightsandinterestsofwomen.Feministmovementbegansproutinginbigcities.Somewomenevenattendedpoliticalevents(Lu,W.F.,124).However,becauseofthestricthierarchy,mostwomenstillsufferedlowsocialstatus,especiallyinthecountryside(Wang,*,*.,132-33).

高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

B.Lifeincountryside

1.Landlordclassinpolitics

Atthattime,Englandwasinatransitionaleraoffeudaleconomyandcapitalisteconomy.Ononehand,peopleincountrysideproducednotonlyfortheirownusebutalsoforthesupplyofbigcities.Onetheotherhand,noblesfromnorthindustrialcitieshadatraditionofbuyingpovertyincountrysidetohonortheirstatus.SquirelikeBennett,upstartlikeWilliamLucas,hereditarypeeragelikeDarcy,allstatusgottogetherincountryside,whichmadecountryaminiatureofthewholesocietyoftheday.Whilenoblesleanedfortheland,squireadmiredhigherstatusandprivilege.Bymarriage,eachtookwhatheneeded.

2.Peaceandquiet

Thoughaffectedbysocialcurrents,countrylifewasinthetrendofmoneyworship,itsquietandpeacewerestill(Gao,Y.,100).ThesplendidEnglishidyllicscenery,pleasantclimate,fertilesoil,abundantresourceattractedandcomfortedbothfiguresinthenovelandthereaders.Undersuchbeautifulnature,lovestorywasmoreromantic.

3.Limitation

Womenwerelimitedintheirhomeandworkplace.Theyhadfewchancestolearnaboutoutsideworld.ThoughJane’sfamilywasopened-mindedenoughtogetherwelleducated,shealmostneverleftherhometownallherlife.Hervalueandviewtowardtheworldstillrangedinthelevelofcountrysidewomen(Zhen,Y,H.,Li,*.,35).

Ⅲ.ComparativestudyofJane’sattitudetowardthemarriageofthethreecouples

A.DarcyandElizabeth

1.FrankandHonest

DarcyandElizabethmetatthecountrysideballwithoutanygoodimpressivewitheachother.Insomesense,anencounterwithoutintentionisromantic.Thecarelessshowthatthecommentoftheotherwastotallyreal.Elizabeth’smotherwassofearherdaughterswouldnotmarried,thatonceheardthereweregentlemencameby,shepersuadedthemtogototemptthem.However,Elizabethwaselegantandself-depended.Shewon’tfollowhermother’sorder.Thoughtookpartinseriousofsocialoccasionsandmetwithrichnobles,shekeptgoodmannerallthetime.AstoDarcy,althoughalittleasocial,he“alwaystellstheabsolutetruth”.Throughallproceduregottoknoweachother,nomatterhateoradmire,theye*pressedthemselveshonestly.Theirlovewasdevelopedinatransparentway,whichwasafirmfoundationofmarriage.

2.FateandEffort

“PrideandPrejudice”wasthebondoflovetoDarcyandElizabeth.Darcy’smindlessarrogantcomment“She’stolerable”stimulatedElizabeth’sprejudice,thatwas,Darcywasapridenoble,a“boasted”,“self-centered”manwithlittlegentleandconsiderate.Duringtheprocessofclearingupthemisunderstanding,Elizabethgraduallyfoundhis“generousnature”,thoughthimas“thebestmanIhaveeverknown”.Theirlovehappenednaturallyasdestinythattiesthemtogether.Anattemptmarriagewillneverashappyastheirs.

Besidesthefate,peopleshouldlabourfortheirlove.Loversmet,fellinlove,butit’sdeterminetobetogetherfinallybringoutintomarriage.ImagineDarcygotdisappointmentwhenElizabethcondemnedhimofevilshehadneverdone,orhesitatedwhenrelevantagainsthisaffection,orElizabethshrinkwithLadyCaroline’shumiliation,theydefinitelywon’tgethappyending.Therefore,trusteachotherandovercomewhateverdifficultiesarealsocoresthatleadhappymarriage.

高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

3.MoneyandLove

OurheroDarcywasarichnobleinsteadofpoorministerorsomething.ThatmeansJaneherselfknewtheimportanceofmaterialandregardedasanothervitalelementofsuccessfulmarriage.ImagineDarcywaspoor,thenwhowouldbetheonehelpedtopayWickham’sbet?Atthattime,“falsestepinonesistermustbeinjurioustothefortunesofalltheothers”.Ifnoonepaidoff,thewholefamilywouldbelookdown,andthennoonecouldmarrywell.Withsufficientamountofpoverty,Darcycouldgaveahandwhenhisloveinneed.Treasurewasbasicsoflivingandhappiness,whichistruthwehavetoadmit.ItlookedridiculousthatMrs.Bennetwassoeagertomarryhergirls.Butasthefactin19thcenturythatgirlshadnorightstoinherit,sheshouldbeworriedofhavingnowheretoliveinafterherhusbandwouldpassby.Eveninmodernsociety,it’snodoubtmoneyisimportantelementsupportslong-termmarriage.

Moneyisnecessity,butmarriagewithoutaffectionislikeatomb(MeiZ.*.,191).Whileothersonlypaidattentioninpoverty,Janeproposedromanceisessentialinhappymarriage.Thiswasabigsplashatthattime.HerviewswerereflectedonElizabeth’sandwordssuchas“Icouldnotloveamanwasoutofhiswits”,and“Onlythedeepestlovewillintroducemeintomatrimony”.Unlesstookamanwithlove,shewouldgetmarry,thoughmay“endanoldmaid”.AstoDarcy,whenhefirstshowhislovetoElizabeth,herealized“Therelativesituationofourfamiliesmakesanyalliancebetweenusareprehensibleconnection”,butbecauseofhis“apassionateadmirationandregard”,hefinallygotmarryforlove.

4.Self-esteem

Womanshouldkeeppridenomatterhowlargethegapofstatueandpovertybetweenherandherhusband.ConsideringElizabeth’scondition,itwasnote*aggeratethatDarcytookherwaslikeprincetookCinderella.However,Elizabethshowedlittlelowliness,evenwhenblamedbyLadyCaroline.“Heisagentleman;Iamagentleman’sdaughter.Sofarweareequal.”HergraceandconfidentmannerwasthecorequalityDarcywascaptivated.Todeepersense,Elizabeth’sbehaviorreflectedJane’sopinionthatMenandwomenshouldhaveequalstatus.Oneshouldbejudgedbyhisupbringing,insteadoffortuneandbackground.Jane’semphasizeofhumaninnerqualityembodiedearlyawakenofhumanism(Zhen,Y.H,Li,*.,39).

B.JaneandBingley

1.ProperAttitude

Janewasakind-heartedgirl,“l(fā)ikeanangel”，shewasalwaysthinkingothers’good.Thatapreciousqualitytoawomanandawife.Abeautifulgirlwithsuchqualitywasattractivetomostmenintheworld.Bingleywasoneofthem.ThoughJanehadamostsoftheart,shewasstronginside.Thoughseemedlessofconfidence,Janeheldrightvaluetowardloveduringtherelationship(JonathanGottschal,1117).ThoughJanewasnotassharpasElizabeth,butshewasalso“shouldsomuchliketomarryforlove”.WhenBingleywasfascinatedwithher,shelovedhimback.WhenBingleywentbacktoLondon,shebravelywenttothetowntogetherloveback.Withoutmeetingherlove,shedecidedtoletitgo.WhenBingleycamebackandpropose,shegenerouslyforgavehisfault.Notmatterhappinessorsadness,shecouldtolerant.Herwayofdealingwithdifficultieshelpedherwonhappymarriage.

Bingleywasanoutgoingandenthusiasticman.Hecouldhavefuninanyplacewithanypeopleevenatthesimpleandcruelballincountry.Thatshowedhistolerant,whichwasthesamewithJane.What’smore,hedidn’tthinkalotofmoney.WhenhemetJane,hewasdeeplyimpressedbyherbeautyandgoodqualityandnevergavehercold-shoulderbecausethelargegapbetween

高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

povertyandstatue.

TheonlyflawlesswasBingley’shesitatewhenlovegotintotrouble.ComparedwithDarcy,Bingleywasmorevacillateundersurroundingdisapproval.However,undersuchsocialenvironment,hisfrailnesswasunderstandable.

2.Surroundinginfluence

InJaneandBingley’scase,wecanseesometimesrelevantandfriendsmayinfluentalotinmarriage.ItwasDarcyandBingley’ssisterspersuadedBingleytogiveupandleave,whichalmostledtobreakingup.ItwasalsoDarcy’sencouragementmadehimwentbackandproposed,whichfinallyendedwithhappiness.So,whenourfriendsfellinlove,weshouldencouragethemandgivethemcourage.Besides,awrongadvicemayleadothers’life-longregret,whichdemandusthinktwicebeforeinterferearelationship.

C.CollinsandCharlotte

CollinsandCharlotte’smarriagewasseemedinarush,buttheyweredoomedtobetogetherbecausetheygotwhateachotherneeded(MeiZ.*.,192).Withlittlefeelings,theirmarriagewas“perfect”intheirowneyes.WhileCollinsneededayoungwife,Charlotteneededarichhusband.WhenElizabethvisitedCharlotte’shouseaftershegotmarried,shefeltsorrywhensheheardCollinsandCharlottehardlyspokeallday.ButCharlottesaid,“Ifoundmyselfquitecontentwithmysituation”.Inmarriageislikedrinkingwater,whetheritiscoldorwarmisknownbyoneself.Charlottealwaysknewwhatshereallywanted:“I’mnotromantic…Iaskonlyacomfortablehome”.Inhervalue,shehadmarriedamanwhosepovertyandstatuegoodenoughtobeenvied(Niu,B.H.,31).However,amarriagewithoutlovewashardlytomaintain.

CollinsandCharlotte’smarriagewastypicalinthattime.Collins’ridiculersthoughtthatproposeofa“noble”mancouldmanagetoreceivebyanylowstatueandpoorwomanwascommon.Meanwhile,Charlotte’sthoughtthatahappymarriagewasequaltofindconditionwasalso.CharlottetemptedCollinsrightafterhisproposalwasdeclined,andsoonreceivedproposalfromCollins.Theirmarriagewasdecidedsoeasyandrash.Once“agreement”wasreached,itwasdone.Theirmarriagewasuglye*change.ThesympathyJaneshowedtoCharlotterepresentedherattitudetowardwomaninthattime.Withsocialsystemthatwomancouldnothesitate,womanhadtochooserichermanforbettersituationinfuture,whichkilledtheirdesiretolove.

D.LydiaandWickham

LydiaandWickham’smarriagewasatotalswindleofmoney(DennisW.Allen,435).Lydiawassoyounganddizzythathadn’tformmaturevalue.UnderMrs.Bennet’seducationof“goodmarriage”,sheenteredsocialintercoursewiththeageoffifteen.Knowingnothingofmanandtheworld,shewastrickedbyWickham’shypocrisyandgood-lookingoutside.Simple-mindedwouldbeused.Therefore,inordertomakewisejudgeonfuturehusband,womenshoulddevelopherinnercultivationandenlargetheirviewsfortheremightbeanotherfacesbelowmasks.Forladies,whenpickuphusbands,oneshouldjudgefromoutsidetoinside.

Lydiadidn’trealizesheharmthehonorofthefamilyallalongforherimmatureandselfish.Loveisnoteverythinginlife(JonathanGottschal,1118).Ifmarriagebringshurttothewholefamily,itisdefinitelynotsuccessful.ThroughLydiaandWickhamweremarriedunderDarcy’s“help”,theywon’thappybecausetheircasualattitude.

Ⅳ.Writingtechniques

A.Humors

1.Mr.andMrs.Bennet

高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

Janee*pressedherviewsofmarriagenotonlyinarratingstoriesofthefourcouples,butalsoinwringstyle.Hersenseofhumorwasoneofthemajorpleasureswhenreadingherworks.Mr.andMrs.Bennetwasapairoflove-haterelationship.WhenMrs.BennetadvisedMr.BennettovisitBingley,hescored,“Sothatishedesigninsettingheretomarryoneofourdaughters?”Whenthewifecomplainedhislessofconsiderate:“Youhavenocompassiononmypoornerves!”,heresponded:“Youmistakeme.Ihaveahighrespectforyournerves.They’vebeenmyoldfriendsfor20years”.Thefunnydialoguesbetweentheoldcouplecomparedthetwoadverseattitudestomarriage.Mrs.Bennet’sridiculousmanneroftemptingawealthson-in-lowwasemphasizedinthisway.

2.ElizabethandDarcy

Elizabethinheritedherfather’shumornaturally.HerhumorwasrevealedespeciallywhenshemarkedMr.Darcy:“Iwonderifhe’dbeashandsomeifheweren’tsorich.”,“Willhebeinhumourtoconsideryoungladieswhoareslightedbyothermen?…Never!”ThedislikesheshowedtowardDarcywaswidelydivergentofheradmireafterwards.“Indeed,hehasnoimproperpride.Heisperfectlyamiable.”,“Ifyouonlyknewhisgenerousnature.”,“HeistrulythebestmanIhaveeverknown”.Thehugeconvertwasassuming.Itremindedusthatinmanycases,romancebeginwithdislikeevenhatred.

B.Satire

InPrideandPrejudice,JaneAustinusedironicinherwriting,Withthiskindofrhetoric,Janee*cellentlycreatedfigures’characters,e*pressedtheirmotionandalsoembodiedherhumorasawriter.“Thoughthesarcasticsometimesrevealedherlimitationasacountrysidewoman,herwritingstylehasstillregardedasoneoftherepresentativesofironic”(Fu,R.,168-70).

“Inironic,orotherrelativerhetoricsuchassatire,Janeshowedherviewstowardsociety”(Gemmill,K.,1120).WhenDarcyencounteredElizabethforthefirsttimeattheparty,hisattitudewasindifferent,evencold.Elizabethwasthesame.Darcy’scommentabouthercausedherdisgust.Sherefusedtotalkwithhimduringdance.However,afterwentthoughmisunderstandingandstruggle,theywerestronglyattractedbyeachother.Thetwistinspotsettingitselfwasanironic.Anothere*amplewassetinthesceneofCollin’sproposaltoElizabeth.Whenmadetherequestforthefirsttime,Elizabethdeclinedgently.Collinwassounwisethathelistedhisbelongings,triedtochangehermind.Withoutself-knowledgeandsenseofshame,heproposedagain.Unsurprisingly,hewasrejectedtwiceinaminute.Differentfromthesincereandearnestthatshowedbefore,hewastooangrytokeephismanner.Hisabsurdself-conceit，falseandvalueofmoneyworshipwasvividlydescribedinJane’sironicallystyleofwriting(Fu,R.,170).

Jane’swritingofironiccontributesnotonlyinliterary,butalsoinherindependentthoughts.Asawomanwriter,Jane’sadvancedoutlooktowardmarriageandsocietywaswelldeliveredbythedisdaintone(Wootton,S,42).

C.Others

1.E*aggeration

E*aggerationwasalsousedbyJanetoportraycharacters.Forincidence,Collins“continuedapologizeforaquarterofanhour.Mrs.Bennet’se*itingwhenrichmancamebywasanothere*ample.Theuglyvanitywasenlargedforreaderstoidentify.Shetookadvantageofherimaginationtomakenovelfunnier.“Oncereaderscatchherintention,theywilltastethehomourandsmileknowingly”(Fu,R,170).

2.Metaphor

高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

E*pectfore*aggeration,Janeusedmetaphortostrengthironic.ShecomparedMr.Bennetttophilosopher,ashecouldonlybegainhappinessfromthebooks,insteadofhismarriage.Thiskindofe*pressioncanalsounifythewholenovel.

3.Reiteration

Reiterationwasappearedinthenovel,too.Fore*ample,everytimewhendescribedMrs.Bennet’sworryofmarryingherfivedaughters,Janereferredher“poornerves”.Wecanimaanoldladyconsistedtosobandcomplain:“Oh,mypoornerves”.What’smore,“5000ayear”and“10000ayear”werereferredagainandagaintoemphasizeMrs.Bennet’sfavorofmoney.ItwasnotonlycriticismofMrs.Bennet,buthertypeofpeoplewhoputpovertyinthefirstplace.Anothere*amplewasMr.Collinstoldeveryonehisseeingofthelu*uriousfitmentwhenvisitedLadyCaroline’shouse.Jane’sdescriptionabouthisofsillyendlesstalkaboutworshiptowardwealthandhighstatusshowedhisstupidshallowmind.

Ⅴ.Janeappealthatmoneyisimportantinmarriagebutitisnotthemostimportantthing.

A.ConclusionofJane’sviewofmarriage

JaneherselfwasmostlikeElizabeth,fromwhomwecananalyzeherviewofmarriage(Zhou,N.,16).Elizabeth’sself-esteem,finemanner,pursueofromanticwascharactersJaneintendedtoadvocate.InElizabethandDarcy’smarriagewecanseeinJane’sopinion,aperfectmarriageshouldcontainbothfinematerialandlove.“ThoughJanee*pressedherdistainofmoneyaimedmarriage,shehadtoadmitcomfortableconditionwasalsoavitalelement”(Liu,T.T.,2-7).

B.SignificanceinCurrentSociety

Jane’ssagacitywordswereforeverclassical,especiallyforfemales.Forthequestionsheposedhasbeenpuzzlingforcenturies.Untiltodaymarryformoneyorforloveisstillanissue.Nomatterhowthesocietydevelops,totalequalityofmanandwomanhasn’tachievedstill.Marriageisalong-lifechoicethatmaytotallychangeone’slife.Thoughtimechanges,forcommonpeople,happymarriagesaresimilar.MostpeoplecanfindadviceformarriageinPrideandprejudice.Thatisthereasonithasbeenpublishingagainandagain.

NoteveryoneinsoluckylikeElizabeth,evenJaneherself.Itissaidthat,inaresearch,theprobabilitythatonecanfindhisperfectmate(thatincludesfamilycondition,character,andgeographyandsoon)is1/6000,whichmeansmostofuscan’treallyhaveone.Someprefertobesingleandendedupwithalonealllife.ButitisnotbadtolearnfromCharlotte.Oneshouldalwaysknowwhathereallywants.Oncechoicehasbeenmade,heshouldthankfulforwhathehasownedandacceptwhathehasgivenup.Afterallhappinessissatisfactionfromheart,toownitornotdependedonone’sownfeeling.

高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

WordsCited:

1.JaneAusten,PrideandPrejudice,YanbianPeople'sPublishingHouse,JiLin,2022

2.Wootton,S.TheByronicinJaneAusten’sPersuasionandPrideandPrejudice，1(2022):31-35

3.Fu,R..IronyinPrideandPrejudiceanditsRhetoricEffect，OverseaEnglish,8(2022):168-170

4.MeiZ.*.,OnJaneAusten'sViewsonmarriageinPrideandPrejudice,OverseaEnglish,1(2022):191

5.Gemmill,K.“VentriloquizedOpinionsofPrideandPrejudiceMansfieldPark,andEmma:JaneAusten’sCriticalVoice”.6.JonathanGottschal,HumanNatureandLiteraryMeaning:ATheoreticalModelIllustratedwithaCritiqueofPrideandPrejudice.Ed.JonathanGottschallandDavidSloanWilson,NorthwesternUniversityPress,USA,2022:76-85

7.DennisW.Allen.“NoLoveforLydia:TheFateofDesireinPrideandPrejudice”.8.王曉焰,社會(huì)性別理論與18-19世紀(jì)英國(guó)婦女的社會(huì)地位,四川師范高校學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版),11(2022):132-133

9.白述亮,女性主義視野下的英國(guó)工業(yè)化進(jìn)程討論,四川師范高校學(xué)報(bào)〔社會(huì)科學(xué)版〕,11(2022):139

10.甄艷華,李欣,從十九世紀(jì)英國(guó)小說談早期女性主義文學(xué),安徽文學(xué),12(2022):37

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高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

本科生課程論文

論文題目：JaneAusten’sOutlooktowardMarriagein

PrideandPrejudice___________________

課程名稱：任課老師：

專業(yè)：英語〔師范〕班級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)：

姓名：

2022年11月22日

外國(guó)語學(xué)院制

高傲與偏見婚姻觀簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀

JaneAusten’sOutlooktowardMarriageinPrideandPrejudiceAbstract:JaneAustenuseironictonetonarratefourdifferentmarriagesinPrideandPrejudice,throughwhichstatedherviewofmarriagethataperfectmarriageshouldincludebothmoneyandloveande*pressedcontempttowardmoneyworship.

KeyWords:JaneAusten,outlooktowardmarriage,PrideandPrejudice,reflection

ThesisStatement:JaneAusten’sviewofmarriageisthatloveisthemostimportantelementinmarriagewhilemoneyisessential.

Ⅰ.BasicinformationofJaneAustenandPrideandPrejudice

JaneAusten(16December1775–18July1817)wasoneofthemostinfluentialEnglishnove