專題16如何實(shí)現(xiàn)句式升級(jí)我們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)要準(zhǔn)確理解文章內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐卣?，避免引入新的?nèi)容，保持與全文主題的連貫性。建議考生注意以下幾點(diǎn)：我們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)要準(zhǔn)確理解文章內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐卣?，避免引入新的?nèi)容，保持與全文主題的連貫性。建議考生注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.簡(jiǎn)潔明了：結(jié)尾部分應(yīng)避免冗長(zhǎng)的敘述，用簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)深刻的觀點(diǎn)。2.突出主題：結(jié)尾句應(yīng)緊扣文章主題，對(duì)主題進(jìn)行深入的闡述和升華。3.留下啟示：通過(guò)結(jié)尾句，引導(dǎo)讀者思考，激發(fā)讀者的思考和感悟。4.語(yǔ)言優(yōu)美：運(yùn)用修辭手法，如比喻、排比等，使結(jié)尾句更具文學(xué)性，增加感染力。一、一、With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)withwith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表狀態(tài)或說(shuō)明背景情況，該結(jié)構(gòu)常做伴隨、方式、原因、條件等狀語(yǔ)，在讀后續(xù)寫中，可以和表情、感官、思考、動(dòng)作等結(jié)合起來(lái)，提高描寫技巧，展現(xiàn)生動(dòng)畫面。如：Mayaasked,withhereyestwinklingwithcuriosity.1.With+身體部位的動(dòng)作（手，眼睛，腳等）Withmyfeetnumbandshivering,sbdidsth2.Without+想法（猶豫，三思）Withoutthinkingtwice,sbdidsth3.With+情緒、心情Withajoyfulheart,sbdidsth4.With+表情及狀態(tài)Withafuriousfrownonherface,sbdidsth5.With+時(shí)間流逝Withtimegoingby,sbdidsth6.With+別人的鼓勵(lì)，指導(dǎo)WithJoanandSamirinspiringMaya,sbdidsth句型句型一：主謂……with+sb/sth+doing;With+sb/sth+doing,主謂……1.Thehorsemeanderedthroughthelonesomepines,withmecontinuingtoscanthehorizonforafamiliarlandmark.馬蜿蜒穿過(guò)人煙稀少的松林，而我繼續(xù)環(huán)視尋找熟悉的地標(biāo)。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描寫“我”此時(shí)的行為,continue…與me之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。)2.Withtearsstreamingdownhischeek,hereplied,“Ididtry.Ireallytried.”眼淚順著他的臉頰流下，他回答說(shuō)：“我嘗試過(guò)了。我真的試過(guò)了?！?“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)刻畫人物的表情，streamdown…與tears之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。)3.Withtheboyleadingtheway,wefinallyfoundthesplendidhotel.因?yàn)橛心泻?，我們最終找到了那家豪華酒店。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)敘述情節(jié)，theboy與lead之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)leading…說(shuō)明theboy。)4.Withtheskyturningdarkgradually,Janegotlostintheforest.天逐漸變黑，所以簡(jiǎn)在森林中迷路了。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作原因狀語(yǔ),用來(lái)推動(dòng)情節(jié),thesky與turn之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)turning…說(shuō)明thesky。)句型二：主謂……句型二：主謂……with+sb/sth+done；With+sb/sth+done,主謂……1.Theroomswerefullofchildrenwithlanternsfastenedonoakpaneledwalls.橡木墻上掛著燈籠的房間充滿了小孩。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ),用來(lái)描寫房間的裝飾,lanterns與fasten之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)fastened…說(shuō)明lanterns。)2.AsAbigailracedupthepathtotheanimalexhibits,shewasstoppedbyDerrick,withtwochimpanzeescradledinhisarms.當(dāng)Abigail沿著小路跑到動(dòng)物展覽館時(shí)，她看到Derrick懷里抱著兩只猩猩就停住了腳步。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描寫場(chǎng)景，chimpanzees與cradle之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)cradled…說(shuō)chimpanzees。)3.Withallthethingsbought,sheheadedforhomejoyfully.買完所有東西，她高興地回家。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)推動(dòng)情節(jié)發(fā)展，things與buy之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故該處用過(guò)去分詞bought。)4.Withherfingerscut,Joeburstintotearsandherlegstrembled.Joe的手被割傷，她突然大哭，腿抖著。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作原因狀語(yǔ),用來(lái)推動(dòng)情節(jié)發(fā)展,herfingers與cut之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故該處用過(guò)去分詞cut。)句型三句型三：主謂……with+sb/sth+adj.1.Hefelloverthistime,flatonhisbackwithhislegswide.他這次摔倒了，背部著地，雙腿叉開(kāi)。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，形容詞wide說(shuō)明hislegs的狀態(tài),刻畫出人物摔倒后的畫面。)2.Hiswifelayinbedwithherfacepale.他的妻子躺在床上，臉色蒼白。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，形容詞pale說(shuō)明herface的狀況，刻畫出妻子虛弱的神態(tài)。)3.Withallthethingsbought,sheheadedforhomejoyfully.買完所有東西，她高興地回家。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)推動(dòng)情節(jié)發(fā)展，things與buy之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故該處用過(guò)去分詞bought。)句型四句型四:主謂……with+sb/sth+介詞短語(yǔ)1.Hefiredthesprayatthewolfwithonehandonthebars.他用噴霧向狼噴過(guò)去，其中一只手扶著欄桿。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)onthebars說(shuō)明onehand的放置之處,以此來(lái)描寫人物此時(shí)謹(jǐn)慎的動(dòng)作。)2.Uponarrivingatthedoorofhishome,hewassurprisedtodiscoverthatalittledogwaswatchinghimcuriouslywiththeexpressionofshockonitsface.一到家門前，他驚訝地發(fā)一只小狗正好奇地看著他，它臉上帶著震驚的表情。(“with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)onitsface說(shuō)明theexpressionofshock，以此來(lái)刻畫小狗的神態(tài)。)二、二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)言有表意功能，句子中無(wú)不體現(xiàn)著動(dòng)作之間的邏輯關(guān)系，因此非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)，常在續(xù)寫高級(jí)句型中出現(xiàn)。例如：語(yǔ)言有表意功能，句子中無(wú)不體現(xiàn)著動(dòng)作之間的邏輯關(guān)系，因此非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)，常在續(xù)寫高級(jí)句型中出現(xiàn)。例如：InterruptedbyMaya’swords,Joanturnedsilent.（原因狀語(yǔ)）Hearingthesewords,Mayasankintodeepthoughts.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）1.動(dòng)作和表情同時(shí)進(jìn)行Hearingthatquestion,Joancreasedintoapolitesmile.2.感官和動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行Hearingthesewords,Mayafeltthewarmcurrentrisinginherheart.3.心理和動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行Delightedlyrealizingthatkeepingapositiveattitudeiswhatreallymatters,sheliftedtheloadoffhersoul.4.語(yǔ)言和動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行Surprisedbyherinquiry,Johnanswered,“itfeelslikelyinginabedofwarmth.”5.動(dòng)作先后進(jìn)行Nothavingreceivedanyresponse,Mayasaidwithherfacereddening,“I’msorryifyouthinkIamrude.”doingdoing功能：doing形式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。e.g.:1>Recognizingwhothecustomerwas,themanagerwasmostapologeticandreprimandedtheassistantseverely.2>Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.3>Ignoringherwords,themanwalkedawayquickly.1.我小心翼翼地打開(kāi)信,希望能找到一些有關(guān)錢包主人身份的線索。Iopenedthelettercarefully,hopingforsomecluetotheidentityoftheownerofthewallet.2.他聚精會(huì)神地聽(tīng)著,咬著嘴唇,眼睛盯著地板。Helistenedwithcloseattention,bitinghislipsandstaringatthefloor.3.“當(dāng)然有圣誕老人啊”,奶奶說(shuō)道,一邊用手指撥弄著我的頭發(fā)。"Ofcourse,thereisaSantaClause."Grandmasaid,strokingherfingersthroughmyhair.4.她感到累極了,坐在溪邊,讓疼痛的雙腳放松一下。Shefeltexhaustedandsatbythestream,restingherachingfeet.5.Jane覺(jué)得冷得無(wú)法忍受,精疲力竭,完全不知道該如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種可怕的情況。Feelingunbearablycoldandextremelyexhausted,Janewasquiteatalossastohowtocopewiththeterriblesituation.6.他屏住呼吸,盡力不發(fā)出任何聲音,免得讓人知道他來(lái)了。Heheldhisbreath,tryingtonotmaketheslightestsoundthatmightbetrayhispresence.7.好奇心切,她從河岸邊跑開(kāi),穿過(guò)田野去追兔子。Burningwithcuriosity,sheranawayfromtheriverbankandacrossthefieldtochaseaftertherabbit.8.他痛苦地喘著氣,強(qiáng)迫自己站了起來(lái),邁著緩慢的步子,搖搖晃晃地開(kāi)始走。Gaspingwithpain,heforcedhimselftohisfeetandwithslow,shakysteps,begantowalk.donedone功能：done形式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。e.g.:1>Scoldedbytheteacher,heburstintotears.2>Ayoungmancametothepolicestation,surroundedbyagroupofjournalists.1.他又沮喪又低落,低著頭,走在隊(duì)伍的最后。Depressedandlow-spirited,hewalkedattheendofthelinewithhisheaddrooping.2.她穿著圣誕老人的服裝,悄悄溜進(jìn)房間,沒(méi)有被看到。DressedinaSantaClauscostume,sheslippedintotheroomwithoutbeingnoticed.3.Ronny沉浸在強(qiáng)烈的恐懼感中,一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。Immersedinastrongsenseofscare,Ronnycouldn'tutterasingleword.havingdonehavingdone功能：havingdone表示分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，常譯為“在......之后；已經(jīng)......了”。e.g.:1>Havingwalkedforquitealongtime,shefoundherselflost.2>Havingfailedthreetimes,hedidn’twanttotryagain.1.在家整整復(fù)習(xí)了一個(gè)周末，他滿懷信心地期待即將到來(lái)的考試。Havingreviewedhislessonsforawholeweekendathome,heexpectedthecomingexamwithconfidence.2.她接連經(jīng)歷了那么多次失敗后，終于振作起來(lái)了。Havingexperiencedsomanyfailuresoneafteranother,shefinallypickedherselfup.3.在銀行排隊(duì)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)后，這個(gè)女人變得不耐煩，然后離開(kāi)了。Havingwaitedinlineforanhouratthebank,thewomangrewimpatientandleft.4.她在街上漫無(wú)目的地逛上好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，感到有點(diǎn)餓，想吃點(diǎn)東西。Havingwonderedaimlesslyinthestreetforhours,shefeltalittlehungryandwishedforsomethingtoeat.5.說(shuō)出真相后，他心里輕松了很多，心情放松地回家了。Havingtoldthetruth,hefelteasierinhismindandreturnedhomewithalighterheart.6.做好充分準(zhǔn)備后，她站在窗邊，期待著女兒的到來(lái)。Havingmadefullpreparations,shestoodbythewindow,expectingthearrivalofherdaughter.三、三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要求其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，若不一致，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式須另帶主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。一般在續(xù)寫中常用的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)更常見(jiàn)的是情緒名詞、身體部位以及物品名詞。當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要求其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，若不一致，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式須另帶主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。一般在續(xù)寫中常用的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)更常見(jiàn)的是情緒名詞、身體部位以及物品名詞。1.情緒名詞(e.g.joy,fear)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(e.g.wellup,flood,creepover),主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Arippleofdelightfillingherheart,Mayaglancedatherpicture.2.身體部位或反應(yīng)(e.g.face,laughter)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(e.g.wellup,roll,lightup),主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Herfacereddeningandthesweatrollingdown,Mayamadeasincereapology.Tearsofgratitudewellingupinhereyes,shehuggedJoantightly.3.物品名詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Herglassesbroken,shecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard.1.1.名詞/主格代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞這種構(gòu)成形式，其內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是整句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，而是其邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。如：①Thegirlstaringathim,hedidn'tknowwhattosay.=Asthegirlstaredathim,hedidn'tknowwhattosay.姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說(shuō)什么好。②Timepermitting,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.=Iftimepermits,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.如果時(shí)間允許的話，我們明天去郊游?！鶫erheartstillracing,shereachedoverandturneduptheoillampthatrestedbesidehercanopiedbed.→Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.→Timegoingon,everythinghaschanged.→Thefinalexamdrawingnear,yourparentswillnotproperlyallowyoutolistentomusic.2.2.名詞/主格代詞+過(guò)去分詞該構(gòu)成形式，內(nèi)部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者。如：①Theproblemssolved,thequalityhasbeenimproved.=Astheproblemsweresolved,thequalityhasbeenimproved.隨著問(wèn)題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。②Herglassesbroken,shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.=Becauseherglasseswerebroken,shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.由于眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見(jiàn)黑板上的字?！鶫eplayedthepianointently,eyesclosed.→Thesignalgiven,thetrainstarted.→Newwordsexplained,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.→Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.→Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.→Theworkdone,wewenthome.3.3.名詞/主格代詞+形容詞此結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：①Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難，無(wú)一人生還。②Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.這么多人缺席，會(huì)議不得不取消?！鶫eenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.→Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.→Conditionsbetter,thepatientcanleavethehospital.→SundayOK,we'dliketogoouting.4.4.名詞/主格代詞+副詞此結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：①Heputonhissweater,wrongsideout.他把毛衣穿反了。②Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了?！鶧innerover,wedecidedtoplaybridge.→Theplaystillon,youcanwaitawhile.5.5.名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)該結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：Theboygoestotheclassroom,bookinhand.Theboygoestotheclassroom,andabookwasinhishand.那男孩手里拿著書去教室。注意：使用介詞的問(wèn)題：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，由名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，若介詞是in時(shí)，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何附加成分，如物主代詞或冠詞，也不用復(fù)數(shù)。如：①Theoldmanstoodunderalargetree,pipeinmouth.那個(gè)老人站在大樹(shù)下，口里含著煙斗。②Twomilitiamenquicklypassedbyus,rifleinhand.兩個(gè)民兵手里拿著步槍，迅速地從我們旁邊走過(guò)去。③Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.一個(gè)強(qiáng)盜手持鋼刀沖進(jìn)了房間?！甲ⅰ饺绻瞧渌樵~則沒(méi)有這種限定。如：Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.他從圖書館出來(lái)，腋下夾著一大本書?！鶷heboyfollowedthenoblemanhere,swordinhand.→Helefttheoffice,tearsineyes.→Hewentoff,guninhand.6.6.名詞/主格代詞+名詞①Hisfirstshotfailure,hefiredagain.他第一槍沒(méi)擊中，又打了一槍。②Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童。③Thedoctorhastwodaughters,oneanurse,theotheranengineer.那位醫(yī)生有兩個(gè)女兒，一位是護(hù)士，一位是工程師。7.7.名詞/主格代詞+不定式（表示將來(lái)）名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動(dòng)作。如：①Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個(gè)飛機(jī)模型。②Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.他們道別后，一個(gè)回了家，一個(gè)去了書店。③Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.他建議去野餐，瑪麗來(lái)提供食物。8.Therebeing+8.Therebeing+名詞（代詞）①Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.沒(méi)有別的事可做，我們就回家了。②Therebeingnofurtherbusiness,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.沒(méi)有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會(huì)?！鶷herebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.→Therebeingnomoneyathand,hehadtoborrowsometobuyhiswifeapresent.9.Itbeing+9.Itbeing+名詞（代詞）①ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。②Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。③ItbeingSunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.四、四、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句多放在先行詞后修飾并擴(kuò)充名詞內(nèi)定語(yǔ)從句多放在先行詞后修飾并擴(kuò)充名詞內(nèi)容，在續(xù)寫中我們可以把一件事導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果用定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)補(bǔ)充。1.主句,whichenable/force/allowsbtodo（主句為先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)主句導(dǎo)致的原因或結(jié)果）Initially,Iwasinsheerdesperation,whichalmostbeatmedown.2.主句,whichmakesb+感情adj（主句為先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)主句帶來(lái)的情感影響）“WhenIliveinawheelchair,thepaceofmylifebecomesslower,whichmakesmeawareofthebeautyinmylife.”saidJoan.3.主語(yǔ),who....,謂語(yǔ)+其他成分（定語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明人物心理或情緒）Theboy,whowasfeelingextremelyguilty,apologizedforhiswords.句型句型一：主謂……先行詞（地點(diǎn)名詞）+where……1.Thefarmonwhichtheboyslivedwasasmalldairyfarmwheremilkingthecowswasadailyroutinebothearlymorningandatnight.為了具體地描寫小男孩在奶牛場(chǎng)的工作狀況，設(shè)置故事背景，該句用“where”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾“dairyfarm”。2.Seeingtheinjureddog,Gracecametoasituationwhereshecouldn'thelpcrying.為了描寫Grace看到受傷的小狗時(shí)的心情狀態(tài)，該句用“where”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾抽象的地點(diǎn)“asituation”。拓展：“where”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可修飾的抽象地點(diǎn)名詞有：situation情況，狀況；stage階段;point地步;position位置;case情況，案例等。句型二：主謂……先行詞（句型二：主謂……先行詞（人）,who……，doing……1.AsElliandIcookeddinner,wenoticedoursister,whowasplayinginanearbylake,delightedlychattingwithherfriends.為了具體描寫妹妹的行為，用“who”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明妹妹此時(shí)的狀況，從句中“chattingwith…”作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句型三：句型三：Doing……，主謂……，which……1.Strugglinginthewater,Iwasalmostexhausted,whichmademefarawayfrommyboat.在水中掙扎后“我”感到很累，為了突出“這會(huì)導(dǎo)致我離船太遠(yuǎn)”這一結(jié)果，該句使用了“which”指代前面整件事來(lái)推動(dòng)情節(jié)。Realizingitwasagoodchancetocarryouthisplan,Hilarydoubledtheamountofthemedicine,whichwouldsurelyputhisaunttosleepforever.意識(shí)到這是執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的好機(jī)會(huì)，Hilary將藥量加倍，為了引出“這會(huì)使他的阿姨永遠(yuǎn)沉睡”這一結(jié)果，該句使用了“which”指代前面整件事來(lái)推動(dòng)情節(jié)。句型四句型四:主謂……介詞/復(fù)雜介詞+which……1.Suddenly,shehurriedtotheshop,fromwhichsheboughtthebeautifulpearl.她跑去的商店是她買漂亮項(xiàng)鏈的地方,為了闡述背景,該句使用“fromwhich”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)“which”指代“theshop”。2.Thesurgerytooksomehours,afterwhichthedoctorwentouthappily,“Thankyou!Goodness!Yoursonissaved!”手術(shù)結(jié)束后，醫(yī)生宣布孩子得救。為了增強(qiáng)句子在時(shí)間上的邏輯性，該句使用了“afterwhich”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)“which”指代前面整件事。五、五、名詞性從句名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的從句，使用名詞性從句可以使表達(dá)更加豐富、地道。名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的從句，使用名詞性從句可以使表達(dá)更加豐富、地道。1.what+情緒類動(dòng)詞+sbwasthat...WhatsurprisedMayawasthatSamirbrokeintoasmileandsaid,“Iwillalwaysstandbyyourside.”2.what(counts/matters/impressesme)mostisthat…(用于突出某件事的重要性)3.whatIcoulddo/sayisto…Whatweneedtodoistofocusonourlifewithoutcaringaboutothers’opinions.4.Itoccurredto/dawnedon/hitherthat…(突然認(rèn)識(shí)到某一個(gè)事實(shí)或真相)（一）（一）主語(yǔ)從句：It做形式主語(yǔ)/What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句功能：為避免頭重腳輕，英語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾，句首用it作形式主語(yǔ)。What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用作句型：最令某人印象深刻/吃驚/震驚的是......1.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthatthefamilyinsidewasindanger.2.Whatimpressedhimmostisthathismotherneverlostfaithinfindinghim.1.我從未想到我們學(xué)校的籃球隊(duì)會(huì)在決賽中敗北。Itneveroccurredtomethatthebasketballteamofmyschoolwouldbedefeatedinthefinal.2.我突然意識(shí)到，與另一支隊(duì)伍比賽是一個(gè)很好的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。Itstruckmeallofasuddenthatplayingagainsttheotherteamisagreatlearningopportunity.3.重要的是，我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有喪失過(guò)繼續(xù)努力的熱情。Itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.4.據(jù)說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)中心會(huì)提供幫助給像我這樣的學(xué)生。ItissaidthattheLearningCenterprovideshelpforstudentslikeme.5.他是否能參加這次活動(dòng)還不確定。Itisuncertainwhetherhecantakepartintheactivityornot.6.眾所周知，有志者事竟成。ItisknowntoallthatWhereisawill,thereisaway.7.它是否昂貴并不重要。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheritisexpensiveornot.8.不足為怪你在漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中取得如此大的進(jìn)步。ItisnowonderthatyouhavemadesuchgreatprogressinyourChinesestudy.9.因此，不用說(shuō)是這句箴言給我?guī)?lái)了動(dòng)力和鼓勵(lì)。Therefore,itgoeswithoutsayingthatitisthismottothatbringsmemotivationandencouragement.10.最使你感興趣的是，考試時(shí)我真的既緊張又煩躁。WhatmayinterestyoumostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句功能：that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)前面的抽象名詞（fact,news,truth,idea,word,suggestion...）進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明1.Thefactthatshedidn'tlikemereallyhurtme.2.Theywereshockedatthenewsthattheirhometownhadbeenflooded.1.Harry完全不知道他們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么。Harrydoesn'thavetheslightestideawhattheyaretalkingabout.2.他們應(yīng)該再次嘗試的想法值得考慮。Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.我們一起來(lái)討論這個(gè)話題的主意真是讓我松了一口氣。Theideathatwediscussthetopictogetherisreallyarelieftome.4.盡管訓(xùn)練生活很辛苦，但我珍惜每一個(gè)幸福時(shí)刻。Ienjoyeveryhappymomentdespitethefactthattraininglifeisrallydifficult.5.他競(jìng)賽獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的消息傳來(lái)，我們又高興又激動(dòng)。Wordcamethathehadwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition,makingusdelightedandexcited.6.一想到她的努力可能會(huì)付之東流，她就悲痛難忍。Sheisseizedwithsorrowatthethoughtthathereffortsmightbeinvain.7.想到我們可能在這樣的黑暗中迷了路，我嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。Thethoughtthatwemighthavegotlostinsuchdarknesssentshiversdownmyspine.8.Jack腦海里涌起一個(gè)可怕的想法，這個(gè)人可能會(huì)為了偷房子里的貴重物品而傷害這家人。TheawfulthoughtcrowdedinJack'smindthatthemancouldprobablydoharmtothefamilyinordertostealpreciousbelongingsinthehouse.9.Jack突然想到一個(gè)主意，他可以扔一些石頭到房子里，把這家人吵醒。AnideaflashedintoJack'smindthathecouldwakethefamilybythrowingsomestonesintothehouse.10.我接受了父親的建議，要成為一名醫(yī)生，雖然我對(duì)這樣的前途毫無(wú)把握。Iacceptedmyfather'ssuggestionthatIshouldbecomeadoctor,thoughtheprospectI'mnotsureatall.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句1.I’lldoagoodjobinwhateverIdo.2.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowwhatittakestostartabusinessnow.1.我想知道你是否能告訴我有關(guān)活動(dòng)的更多的信息。Iamwonderingifyoucouldtellmemoreaboutthisactivity.2.如果你能在最方便時(shí)候回復(fù)我將感激不盡。Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomeatyourearliestconvenience.六、六、形容詞做狀語(yǔ)形容詞作狀語(yǔ)可用來(lái)表達(dá)人物做某個(gè)動(dòng)作的原因、結(jié)果或伴隨的狀態(tài)。形容詞作狀語(yǔ)可用來(lái)表達(dá)人物做某個(gè)動(dòng)作的原因、結(jié)果或伴隨的狀態(tài)。Depressedandhelpless,Mayaburstintotears.（表原因）MayawasencouragedbyJoan’ssmile,fullofconfidenceinherfuture.（表結(jié)果）Embarrassedbutdetermined,sheexplainedherbraceforalegdiseasetoSamirandwaitedforhisreaction,rubbingherhandsinanxiety.（表伴隨）用法說(shuō)明：1.形容詞指的是人的狀態(tài)，因此用形容詞作狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)必須是有這個(gè)心情的人；2.增色表達(dá)：在形容詞前面加上表示“非?！钡母痹~，如：Extremelydepressed…3.常用短語(yǔ)：beawareof/beawarethat/bedeterminedtodo/befullof/becurioustodo/beeagertodo/besorrytodo4.描述心理，短小精悍，可以避免堆砌太多心理描寫。句型句型一:主謂……,+形容詞（短語(yǔ)）1.Janeroseatthebreakofday,hungryandthirsty.(2016年10月浙江卷)（Jane起身時(shí)的狀態(tài)是“又餓又渴”。為了表達(dá)這種狀態(tài),該句使用了形容詞短語(yǔ)hungryandthirsty作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。）2.BernardwasgreatlyencouragedbyJohnandotherboys,fullofconfidenceinhisplan.（Bernard被幾個(gè)男孩鼓勵(lì)之后對(duì)計(jì)劃充滿了信心。為了突出這一結(jié)果，該句使用了形容詞短語(yǔ)fullof…作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。）3.Attheendoftheday,hecamehomewiththemoneyheearned,quitehappy.(他賺到錢回家了，內(nèi)心非常高興。為了表達(dá)這種狀態(tài)，該句使用了形容詞短語(yǔ)quitehappy作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。)4.Tohismother'srelief,thelittleboycamebackfromthedangeroussituation,safeandsound.(小男孩脫離了險(xiǎn)境，安然無(wú)恙。為了表達(dá)這種狀態(tài)，該句使用了形容詞短語(yǔ)safeandsound作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。)5.Then,Janestoodtherestill,readytogiveTomahugehug.（Jane一動(dòng)不動(dòng)站在那兒的同時(shí)，內(nèi)心準(zhǔn)備好了要給Tom一個(gè)大大的擁抱。為了突出這種心理活動(dòng)，該句使用了形容詞短語(yǔ)readyto…作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。）句型二句型二:形容詞短語(yǔ),+主謂……1.Terrified,ElliandItriedallthebeardefenseactionsweknew.(2020年7月浙江卷)（我和Elli努力采取措施抵抗黑熊的過(guò)程中，內(nèi)心很害怕。為了突出這種心理狀態(tài)，該句使用了形容詞terrified作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。）2.Deepinthought,Maryhadsatstillagainstthedoorformorethan20minutes.(Mary倚門坐著的同時(shí)，狀態(tài)是沉思。為了表達(dá)這種狀態(tài)，該句使用了形容詞短語(yǔ)deepinthought作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。)3.Depressedandhelpless,Ericcouldn'tcontrolhisemotionanylongerandburstintotears.(Eric突然大哭是因?yàn)榫趩屎蜔o(wú)助。為了突出這一原因，該句使用了形容詞短語(yǔ)depressedandhelpless作原因狀語(yǔ)。)4.Curioustoknowwhatwashappeninginside,Ericpushedthedooropenandslippedintothehouse.(Eric推門進(jìn)房子的原因是好奇。為了突出這一原因,該句使用了形容詞短語(yǔ)curiousto…作原因狀語(yǔ)。)［發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律］形容詞(短語(yǔ))作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以在主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的前面，也可以在后面，即兩種句型都可以。作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，在前面，用句型二。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，在后面，用句型一。［拓展知識(shí)］請(qǐng)記住形容詞作狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的表示情感類的形容詞。高興的/開(kāi)心的：happy,cheerful,joyful,delighted,pleased,overjoyed；激動(dòng)的：excited,thrilled；滿意的：content,satisfied；擔(dān)心的：afraid,worried,anxious；沮喪的/失望的/絕望的：upset,lowinspirits,disappointed,discouraged,depressed,frustrated,desperate；害怕的/恐懼的：afraid,fearful,frightened,terrified,scared；迷惑的：puzzled,confused；驚訝的：surprised,amazed,astonished,shocked；感動(dòng)的：moved,touched；感恩的：thankful,grateful；自豪的：proud；疲憊的：tired,exhausted等。七、七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、notonly…butalso…等特殊句型來(lái)增色。比如強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itwas…that一般強(qiáng)調(diào)人的影響、物的作用或者語(yǔ)言所帶來(lái)的影響，可應(yīng)用在結(jié)尾升華主題。ItwasyouandJoanwhotaughtmetobeconfident.Itisthelegbracethathelpsmewalkmoresteadilyandsmoothly.ItwasherwordsthatliftedupthesuninMaya’sheartasifhehadbroughtwarmspringandbrushedthechill.ItwasonlywhensheheardJoan’swordsthatsherealizedthatweneedtocheerupandliveapositivelife.（一）（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was...that...功能：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常用：Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。e.g:(1)ItwasforthefirsttimethatIhadfeltsohappytoseesomanyfriends.(2)Itwasyouthat/whogavemeconfidencetolearnEnglish.1.直到我遇到你，我才知道真正的幸福。2.決定我們一生的，不是我們的能力，而是我們的選擇。3.就是她，不僅激勵(lì)了殘疾人，也激勵(lì)了無(wú)數(shù)健康的人。4.正是在那個(gè)公園里孩子們看見(jiàn)了那些漂亮的花嗎？5.是什么時(shí)候你下定決心要當(dāng)一名志愿者老師的？答案1.ItwasnotuntilImetyouthatIknewrealhappiness.2.Itisourchoicesthatshowwhatwetrulyare,farmorethanourabilities.3.Itwasshethatinspirednotonlythedisabledbutalsocountlesshealthypeople.4.Wasitinthatparkthatthechildrensawthebeautifulflowers?5.Whenwasitthatyoumadeupyourmindtoworkasavolunteerteacher?（（二）借助助動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞功能：強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，常常借助于助動(dòng)詞：do/did/does+動(dòng)詞原形，意為“的確、千萬(wàn)......”e.g:IdolikeEnglish1.我們確實(shí)希望今后有更多有意義的活動(dòng)。Wedidhopetherewouldbemoremeaningfulactivitiesinthecomingfuture.八、八、倒裝句倒裝是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句子成分。倒裝句的使用豐富了語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，讓句式更加多樣。因此，寫作中適當(dāng)用一些倒裝句式會(huì)使文章的表達(dá)更生動(dòng)、有力，讓閱卷老師眼前一亮。倒裝是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)重要的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)句子成分。倒裝句的使用豐富了語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，讓句式更加多樣。因此，寫作中適當(dāng)用一些倒裝句式會(huì)使文章的表達(dá)更生動(dòng)、有力，讓閱卷老師眼前一亮。1.Notuntil+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)+didsbrealize/noticethat…直到……才……(強(qiáng)調(diào)某人最后的覺(jué)悟)NotuntilSamirexplainedthereasondidMayarealizethatshemisunderstoodSamir’sintention.2.So+adj.+besb.that+句子如此……以至于……SoimpressivewasMayathatthemomentheheardthosewordshegaveJoanabighug.3.adj./adv./v.+as+主謂,主句…盡管……Coldastheweatherwas,theseedinMaya’sheartwasgrowingupandbecamealittlegreenbudwhichgaveherbraverytofaceother’sjudgments.4.notonly…butalso…