2022年廣東省汕頭市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英

語(yǔ)六級(jí)測(cè)試卷（含答案）

學(xué)校:班級(jí):姓名:考號(hào):

一、l.Writing（10題）

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition,

onthetopicTheImportanceofConfidenle.shouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.凡事均應(yīng)有信心；

2.沒(méi)有信心的原因；

3.建立信心是可能的。

2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledTheMarvelsofMedicineintheTwentiethCentury.Youshouldwrite

atleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.Introduction:Advancesinmedicalscience-themostimportantachieve

mentsmadeinthetwentiethcentury

1.Developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics

2.Discoveriesofnewdiagnosismethods

3.Adventofgeneticengineering,anewbranchofbiology

Concludingremarks:Evengreaterwonderstobewroughtinthe21stcentury

3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetter.

SupposeyouareLiMing.WritealettertoMartha,ateacherofyoursinthe

seniorhighschool.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlines

givenbelow:

1.得知老師要來(lái)倫敦訪問(wèn)非常高興；

2.介紹自己的學(xué)習(xí)和生活；

3,希望能帶老師參觀倫敦。

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritea

compositiononthetopic:HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshould

writeatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenin

Chinesebelow:

1.面試在求職過(guò)程中的作用。

2.取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)

事求是……

5.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledMyViewonAutomobiles.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.汽車給人類帶來(lái)的益處；

2.汽車給人類帶來(lái)的副作用；

3.我的觀點(diǎn)。

6.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledThePopularityofWesternHolidays.Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.一些“洋”節(jié)日在中國(guó)越來(lái)越流行。

2.一些中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日反倒無(wú)人問(wèn)津。

3.你如何看待這種現(xiàn)象。

ThePopularityofWesternHolidays

7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopicShouldWeStartOurWork-lifeorGoonwithOurEducation.

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowin

Chinese:

1.許多大學(xué)生畢業(yè)生面臨著就業(yè)和深造的兩難境地

2.有人認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)深造，有人認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)馬上就業(yè)

3.你的看法

8.Direction:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopicOnStress.Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandbaseyour

compositionontheonlinebelow.

1.有的人害怕壓力。

2.有的人認(rèn)為壓力并不是一件壞事。

3.我的看法。

9.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashort

essaybasedonthefollowingnewsextractedfromanewspaper,commenting

onwhathadhappenedandgivingyourownunderstandingofit.Youshould

writeatleast150wordsandgiveyouressayanappropriatetitle.

1.“香港著名影、視、歌三棲明星張國(guó)榮四月一日從香港某高層樓縱身

跳下，自殺身亡……”

——《新民晚報(bào)》

10.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritea

compositiononthetopic"ProblemsaboutReducingStudents'HeavyBurden".

Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline

(giveninChinese)below.

1.目前學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的現(xiàn)狀；

2.導(dǎo)致學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的原因；

3.減輕學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的措施。

二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10題)

11.Thereisnodoubtthatenvironmentalregulation

A.iscumbersome

B.producesaneffect

C.varieswildly

D.needstobestreamlined

12.

Mostparentsadmithavingastrongpreferenceovertheolderchildbecause

theytendtobesadder.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

WhatwasFranklinRoosevelt'sstatementtosupporttheSocialSecurityAct

accordingtothepassage?

14.

AccordingtoBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasit

wouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedby

15.

Itisnecessarythatbirdsshouldbetrainedtogetbackhome.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

China'smostfamousresearchuniversitieshiremostlythosewhoreceived

theirgraduateeducationinU.K.andU.S.intherecentyears.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTprobablyareasonforelectricvehicles'"good

time"?~"

A.Risinggasolineprice.

B.Fueleconomy.

C.Affordableprice.

D.Variouschoices.

18.America'sBrainDrainCrisis

LosingtheGlobalEdge

WilliamKunzisaself-describedcomputergeek.Amoreaptdescription

mightbecomputergenius.Whenhewasjust11,Kunzstartedwriting

softwareprograms,andby14hehadcreatedhisownvideogame.Asahigh

schoolsophomoreinHouston,Texas,hewonfirstprizeinalocalsciencefair

foradataencryption（編密石馬）programhewrote.Inhissenioryear,hetook

topprizeinaninternationalscienceandengineeringfairfordesigninga

programtoanalyzeandsortDNApatterns.

KunzwentontoattendCarnegieMellon,amongthenation'shighest-ranked

universitiesincomputerscience.AftercollegehelandedajobwithOraclein

SiliconValley,writingsoftwareusedbycompaniesaroundtheworld.

Kurtzlookedsettobecomeastarinhisfield.Thenhegaveitallup.

Today,threeyearslater,KurtzisinhisfirstyearatHarvardBusinessSchool.

Heleftsoftwareengineeringpartlybecausehisearningpotentialpalednext

tofriendswhoweregoingintolaworbusiness.Healsoworriedaboutjob

security,especiallyasmorecompaniesmovetheirprogrammingoverseasto

lowercosts."Everytimeyou'reaskedtotrainsomeoneinIndia,youthink,

'AmItrainingmyreplacement?'"Ktnzsays.

Thingsareturningoutverydifferentlyforanotherstandoutinengineering,

Qing-ShanJia.AstudentatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,Jiashineseven

amonghisgiftedcohorts（——群人）ataschoolsometimescalled"theMITof

China".HeconsideredapplyingtoHarvardforhisPhD,butdecideditwasn't

worthit.

Hisuniversityisinvestingheavilyincutting-edgeresearchfacilities,and

attractsanimpressiverosterofinternationalprofessors."Icangetaworld-

classeducationhereandstudywithworld-classscholars,"Jiasays.

Thesetwosnapshots（快照）illustratepartofadeeplydisturbingpicture.In

thedisciplinesunderpinningthehigh-techeconomy-math,scienceand

engineering-Americaissteadilylosingitsglobaledge.Thedepthandbreadth

oftheproblemisclear:

-SeveralofAmerica'skeyagenciesforscientificresearchanddevelopment

willfacearetirementcrisiswithinthenexttenyears.

-Lessthan6%ofAmerica'shighschoolseniorsplantopursueengineering

degrees,down36%fromadecadeago.

-In2000,56%ofChina'sundergraduatedegreeswereinthehardsciences;

intheUnitedStates,thefigurewas17%.

-Chinawilllikelyproducesixtimesthenumberofengineersnextyearthan

Americawillgraduate,accordingtoMikeGibbonsoftheAmericanSociety

forEngineeringEducation.Japan,withhalfAmerica'spopulation,hasminted

（鑄造）twiceasmanyinrecentyears.

"MostAmericansareunawareofhowmuchsciencedoesforthiscountryand

whatwestandtoloseifwecan'tkeepup,"saysShirleyAnnJackson,

presidentofRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteandchairoftheAmerican

AssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.DavidBaltimore,presidentof

theCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyandaNobellaureate,putsitbluntly:

"Wecan'thopetokeepintactourstandardofliving,ournationalsecurity,our

wayoflife,ifAmericansaren'tcompetitiveinscience."

TheCrisisAmericansCreated

InJanuary2001,theHart-RudmanCommission,taskedwithfindingsolutions

toAmerica'smajornationalsecuritythreats,concludedthatthefailuresof

America'smathandscienceeducationandAmerica'ssystemofresearch

"poseagreaterthreat...thananypotentialconventionalwar."

Therootsofthisfailurelieinprimaryandsecondaryeducation.Thenation

thatproducedmostofthegreattechnologicaladvancesofthelastcenturynow

scorespoorlyininternationalsciencetesting.A2003surveyofmathand

scienceliteracyrankedAmerican15-year-oldsagainstkidsfrom

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

TheJosephsonInstitutespecializesinstudying.

A.theimportanceofonlineeducation

B.themoralprinciplesamongtheyouth

C.employmentofcollegegraduates

D.collegestudents'learninghabits

20.GeoffreyHealholdsthattohavecompaniesrespondingtofinancial

incentivesratherthantheirownfeelingsisthe.

三、3.ListeningComprehension(10題)

21.(21)

A.Fifteencigarettefighters.

B.Fiftycigarettelighters.

C.Sixtylipsticks.

D.Anidentitycard.

22.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Isentthepackageover10daysagoanditstillhasn'tarrived.

W:Maybeyoushouldsendthenextonebyair.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?

(17)一

A.Sendingthenextpackageearlier.

B.Waitingpatiently.

C.Usingairfreight.

D.Lookingforthepackage.

23.(24)

A.Tosuggestchangesinthetuitionfees.

B.Toimprovethestudyskillsofuniversitystudents.

C.Togivepeopletheopportunitytospeakwithapolitician.

D.Todiscussgraduationrequirementsforpoliticalsciencemajors.

24.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Excuseme,Prof.Thomson.Iknowyourofficehoursare

tomorrow,butIwaswonderingifyouhaveafewminutesfreenowtodiscuss

something.

W:Sure,John.Whatdoyouwanttotalkabout?

M:Well,Ihavesomequickproblemsabouthowtowritetheresearchproject

thatIdothissemesteraboutClimateChanges.

W:Oh,yes.YouwerelookingforchangesinclimateintheGcityarea,right?

Howfarhaveyoubeengotten?

M:I'vegottenmydata,soI'mstartingtosummarizeitnow,preparinggraph

andstuff.ButI'mjust...I'mlookingatitandI'mafraidthatisnotenough,but

I'mnotsurewhatelsetoputintothereport.

W:Ihearthesamethingfromeverystudent.Youknow,youhavetoremember

nowthatyouaretheexpertonwhatyouhavedone.Sothinkaboutwhatyou

needtoincludeifyou'regoingtoexplainyourresearchprojecttosomeone

withgeneralorcasualknowledgeaboutthesubjectlikeyourparents.That's

usuallymyrule.Wouldmyparentsunderstandthis?

M:Uhh,Igetit.IwaswonderingifIshouldalsoincludethenotesfromthe

researchjournalsyousuggest.

W:Yes,definitely.Besureyouincludegoodreferencesectionwhereallyour

publishedandunpublisheddatacamefrom.

M:Yes.IhavedatamorethanjustintheGcityarea,soIalsoincluderegional

datainthereport.Witheverythingelse,itshouldbeaprettygoodindication

ofclimateofthispartofthestate.

W:Soundsgood.I'llbehappytolookoveradraftbeforeyouhandthefinal

copyifyouwish.

M:Great.IplantogetyouthedraftofthepaperbynextFriday,Thanksvery

much.Seeyou.

W:OK.

(20)

A.Thedatahecollected.

B.Notesfromresearchjournals.

C.Hisresearchproject.

D.Theclimatechangesinhishometown.

25.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Lucy,couldyoudescribewhatyouweredoingatthe

moment?

W:Well,Iwasstillsleepingat6o'clock.Thentherewasthishorriblesound

andthefloorwasjustbouncingandrollinglikewaves,allatthesametime.

Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

(15)

A.Asnowstorm.

B.Anearthquake.

C.Atrafficaccident.

D.Ahurricane.

26.

[B9]

27.(29)

A.Burrosarerelativesofthehorse.

B.Burroscanadapteasily.

C.Burrosarecommonfarmannals.

D.TherearemanyburrosintheUnitedStates.

28.(28)

A.Peopleworkinginalargefactory.

B.Peoplewalkingoncrowdedcitystreets.

C.Aneverydayactivityinasmalltown.

D.Awell-knownhistoricalevent.

29.聽(tīng)力原文:W:IfIwereyouI'dliveinthecityinsteadofcommutingto

workbytrain.

M:Butthecountryissobeautifulandpleasantinthespringandfall.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggest?

(14)

A.Sheshouldliveinthecountry.

B.Sheshouldlivenearthespring.

C.Hepreferstoliveinthecountry.

D.Heagreeswiththewoman.

30.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Ireallydon'tknowwhattodothissummer.Ican'tafford

tojustsitaround,andtheredon'tseemtobeanyjobsavailable.

W:Whydon'tyoutryhouse-sitting?LastsummermyfriendMargarethouse-

satfortheDoddswhentheywentawayonvacation.Mr.DoddhiredMargaret

tostayintheirhousebecausehedidn'twantitleftempty.

M:YoumeantheDoddspaidMargaretjusttoliveintheirhouse?

W:Itwasn'tthateasy.Shehadtomowandwaterthehouseplants.Andwhen

Erichouse-satforMr.Cohen,hehadtotakecareofhispets.

M:House-sittingsoundslikeagoodjob.Iguessit'salittlelikebaby-sitting-

exceptyou'retakingcareofahouseinsteadofchildren.

W:Thestudentemploymentofficestillhasafewjobsposted.

M:DoIjusthavetofilloutanapplication?

W:MargaretandErichadtointerviewwiththehouseownersandprovide

threereferenceseach.

M:Thatseemslikealotoftroubleforasummerjob.

W:Thehouseownerswantsomeguaranteethattheycantrustthehouse-

sitters.Youknow,theywanttomakesureyou'renotthetypewhowillthrow

wildpartiesintheirhouse,ormovegroupsoffriendsinwithyou.

M:House-sitterswhodothatsortofthingsprobablyaren'tpaidthen.

W:Usuallytheyarepaidanywayjustbecausethehomeownersdon'twantto

makeafuss.Butifthehomeownerreportedit,thenthehouse-sitterwouldn't

beabletogetanotherjob.So,whydon'tyouapply?

（20）一'

A.Gotosummerschool.

B.Takeavacation.

C.Stayathome.

D.Findapart-timejob.

四、4.ReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（3題）

31.Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyare

intenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirst

twomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.

Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.

Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,

norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.This

attractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebaby

matures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodraw

people,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthem

drewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecardedontheir

mother'sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydo

inothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeither

toencode（把...編碼）ordecode（理解）meaning.Infact,Argylereveals

thatthe"properplacetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanison

theneckofone'sconversationpartner."

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericans

iswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforabout

onesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyreestablish

eyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstill

at{entire,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keep

theireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonly

briefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecise

momentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,

thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileye

contactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthis

eyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomes

evidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortof

trafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictable

pauses.

Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare.

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

32.1t'salessontaughtateverypoliceacademy(andbycommonsense):if

someonefleesacrimescene,there'sreasontobesuspicious.Andiftheperson

hopsaflighttoLondon,leavingbehindhismurderedwifeanddaughter,and

skippingtheirfuneral,thecaseshouldn'trequireSherlockHolmes.Andso

therewasasenseofrelieflastweekwhenLondonpolicearrestedNeil

Entwistle,27,whowillbeextradited(弓|渡)totheUnitedStatestofacecharges

ofkillinghiswife,Rachel,and9-month-olddaughter,Lillian,inHopkinton,

Massachusetts,onJanuary20.

Thecasehadgottenofftoarockystart.Despiterepeatedsearchesofthe

Entwistlehomebyfamily,neighborsandpolice,thebodieswent

undiscoveredforseveraldays,hiddenunderapileofquiltsinthemaster

bedroom.Theresultinguncertaintyoverthetimeofdeathsledprosecutorsto

admitearlyonthattheycouldn'teventellifEntwistlewasinthecountryat

thetimeofthekillings.Althoughprosecutorsimmediatelycalledthehusband

a"personofinterest,"theyalsoexploredotherangles,includingwhetherthe

killingscouldberelatedtothecouple'suseofeBay,theonlinemarketplace

wherethey'dsoldsoftwarehutrecentlystoppedmakingdeliveries-leaving

buyerscomplainingofbeingfooled.

Lastweek,however,policefinishedanalyzingagunownedbyRachel's

stepfather,andsaidtheyfoundRachel'sDNAonthemuzzle（槍口）andNeil's

onthehandle.SinceNeilknewwherethegunwaskeptandhadkeystohis

in-lawshome,policebelieveNeilusedtheguntocommitthecrimeandthen

returnedittohisin-laws'guncasebeforeheadingtotheairport.

PolicesaythatEntwistle'sonlystatementaboutthecasewasmadeduringthe

phonecallinwhichauthoritiesinformedhimthatthey'dfoundthebodies.In

thatconversation,Entwistle—whohasnotyetenteredaplea-toldpolice

hemreturnedhomefromanerrand（差事）andfoundthebodieshimself,then

contemplatedsuicidebeforechanginghismindandbuyingaone-wayticket

totakerefugeathisparents'homenorthofLondon.

Thepolicesayhislargerconcern,however,wasthefamily'stroubledfinances.

Neil,anunemployedelectricalengineer,hadrackedupthousandsofdollars

ofdebt,someofitborrowedtolaunchabusinesshelpingclientssetupWeb

sites.Thecouplehadrecentlysigneda$2,700-a-monthleaseonahomein

Hopkinton,andit'snotclearhowthey'dpayforit.Entwistlehatchedthehalf-

completedmurder-suicideplan,prosecutorsbelieve,inanattempttoescape

hisfinancialproblems.

Thepolicemetdifficultiesatthebeginningofthecasethat.

A.theycouldn'tfindoutNeil'smotivesofkilling

B.theyhadnoideawhomightbethecriminal

C.thebodiescouldn'tprovethekillingbyNeil

D.theycouldnotknowwhenNeilleftforLondon

33.

Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-Medication

D.Self-Treatment

五、5.ErrorCorrection?題）

34.

[sio]

35.

[S2]

36.

[S9]

六、6.ErrorCorrection?題）

37.

[S4]

38.

[S6]

39.

[S2]

參考答案

l.TheImportanceofConfidenceWhateveronedoesoneshoulddoitwith

confidence.Ifonehadnoconfidencethereislittlepossibilitythatonewould

everachieveanythingespeciallywhenoneisfacedwithdrawbacksor

hardships.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.Howeverinrealitywedoseea

lotofpeoplewhocomplainthattheylacktheabilitytodosomethingorthat

theirdifficultiesaretoogreattoovercome.Forsomethismightbetrue.But

formanythisonlyshowsthattheyhavelostheart.Whydopeopleoftenfeel

frustratedeventhoughtheyarequitecapableofdoingsomething?Thereare

amongotherstwomainreasons.Firstthesepeopledonothaveacorrect

estimateofthemselves.Secondtheyoverestimatethedifficulties.Itis

possibletobuildupfaithinoneselfbyhavingthefightattitudetoone'sown

abilities.Weshouldneverunderestimateourabilitiesbutshouldbelievein

theproverb:"Thereisawillthereisaway."Confidenceisthepremisefor

fulfillingatasksuccessfully.TheImportanceofConfidenceWhateverone

does,oneshoulddoitwithconfidence.Ifonehadnoconfidence,thereislittle

possibilitythatonewouldeverachieveanything,especiallywhenoneisfaced

withdrawbacksorhardships.Thistruthseemstobeself-evident.However,

inrealitywedoseealotofpeoplewhocomplainthattheylacktheabilityto

dosomethingorthattheirdifficultiesaretoogreattoovercome.Forsome,

thismightbetrue.Butformanythisonlyshowsthattheyhavelostheart.

Whydopeopleoftenfeelfrustratedeventhoughtheyarequitecapableof

doingsomething?Thereare,amongothers,twomainreasons.First,these

peopledonothaveacorrectestimateofthemselves.Second,they

overestimatethedifficulties.Itispossibletobuildupfaithinoneselfby,

havingthefightattitudetoone'sownabilities.Weshouldneverunderestimate

ourabilitiesbutshouldbelieveintheproverb:"Thereisawill,thereisaway."

Confidenceisthepremiseforfulfillingatasksuccessfully.

2.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHETWENTIETHCENTURY

Lookingbackthetwentiethcenturyhasseennumerousscientificand

technologicachievementsandwhatstandouthighaboveothersareadvances

inmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeenshowninthreeareas

developmentofvaccinesandantibioticsdiscoveriesofnewdiagnosis

methodsandtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanewbranchoflearning.

Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysofpreventinggerms

invadingthebodyandoffightingthemoncetheydidthequalityoflifefor

peopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgotten

diseaseandvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthe

vaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuchantibioticsaspenicillin

hashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Overthepastdecades

moreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizetheimportanceofdetecting

changesinthebodyatanearlystage.Moderndiagnosisbeganintheearly

1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthepassageoftimenewmethods

forviewingtheinteriorofthebodywerebroughtoutoneafteranother.In

recentyearsultrasonicwavesmagneticresonanceandothertechniqueshave

madeitpossibletodetectanythinginthebodythatisbeginningtobe

abnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeenmovinginevenmorefundamental

directions.Scientistshavefoundthatthebodymachineryisdirectedbythe

genes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolvedintoanewbranchoflearning一

geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950sthatscientistsdiscoveredthe

kindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheendofthetwentiethcenturythe

first"roughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewascompleted.Thiswasreferred

toasa"majorscientificmilestone"whichmightleadtoamorefullyunder

standingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptibletocancerAIDS

Parkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscoverythepracticeof

medicinehasundergonearevolution.Themedicaladvancesmadeinthe

twentiethcenturyhavenotonlyimprovedthelivesofmanypeoplebutalso

laidasolidfoundationforfurtherdevelopmentinmedicine.AndIdobelieve

thatinthe21stcenturyscientistswillworkevengreaterwondersinthearea

ofmedicalscienceandeventuallyfindcurestowhatarenowcalled

"incurable"diseases.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHE

TWENTIETHCENTURYLookingback,thetwentiethcenturyhasseen

numerousscientificandtechnologicachievements,andwhatstandouthigh

aboveothersareadvancesinmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeen

showninthreeareas,developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics,discoveriesof

newdiagnosismethods,andtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanew

branchoflearning.Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysof

preventinggermsinvadingthebody,andoffightingthemoncetheydid,the

qualityoflifeforpeopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Today

smallpoxisaforgottendisease,andvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polio

isundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuch

antibioticsaspenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.

Overthepastdecadesmoreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizethe

importanceofdetectingchangesinthebodyatanearlystage.Modem

diagnosisbeganintheearly1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthe

passageoftime,newmethodsforviewingtheinteriorofthebodywere

broughtoutoneafteranother.Inrecentyears,ultrasonicwaves,magnetic

resonanceandothertechniqueshavemadeitpossibletodetectanythingin

thebodythatisbeginningtobeabnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeen

movinginevenmorefundamentaldirections.Scientistshavefoundthatthe

bodymachineryisdirectedbythegenes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolved

intoanewbranchoflearning-geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950s

thatscientistsdiscoveredthekindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheend

ofthetwentiethcenturythefirst"roughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewas

completed.Thiswasreferredtoasa"majorscientificmilestone,"whichmight

leadtoamorefullyunderstandingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptible

tocancer,AIDS,Parkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscovery,

thepracticeofmedicinehasundergonearevolution.Themedicaladvances

madeinthetwentiethcenturyhavenotonlyimprovedthelivesofmany

peoplebutalsolaidasolidfoundationforfurtherdevelopmentinmedicine.

AndIdobelievethatinthe21stcenturyscientistswillworkevengreater

wondersintheareaofmedicalscienceandeventuallyfindcurestowhatare

nowcalled"incurable"diseases.

3.ALettertoMyTeacherMarch232006DearMissMarthaIhavebeen

missingyouallthetimedearteacher.Iamsogladtoknowthatyouare

planningtocometoLondonfaravisitthissummervacation.I'meagerly

lookingforwardtoseeingyouhereassoonaspossible.IhavebeeninLondon

foralmostayear.ThistermItakefourcourses:Englishhistorysociologyand

internationallaw.Theyareinterestingandbeneficial.Ilikethemverymuch.

Ihaveadaptedtothelifestylehere.NowIamlivingwithanEnglishgirlof

myagewhoismajoringinChinese.Sheiswarm-heartedtomeoftentaking

timetohelpmewithmyEnglishandtellingmemanyfunnystoriesabout

Englishcustoms.InreturnIhaveofferedhelptoimproveherChinese.We're

gettingalongwellwitheachother.IhopethatIcanserveasyourguidewhen

youcomehereonatourinthecomingsummervacation.Iwillshowyou

aroundLondontheworldfamousculturalcity.I'msureyouwillbedeeply

impressedbywhatyousee.Bestregards!YoursgratefullyLiMingALetter

toMyTeacherMarch23,2006DearMissMartha,Ihavebeenmissingyou

allthetime,dearteacher.Iamsogladtoknowthatyouareplanningtocome

toLondonfaravisitthissummervacation.I'meagerlylookingforwardto

seeingyouhereassoonas