英語選修⑧·人教版新課標(biāo)導(dǎo)學(xué)Unit3

InventorsandinventionsSectionⅠ

Warmingup；Pre-reading，Reading&Comprehending1自主預(yù)習(xí)2合作探究3鞏固提升4課時作業(yè)自主預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ.單詞速記1．

__________(n.)專利證書；專利權(quán)2．___________(n.)產(chǎn)品3．_______________(vi.&vt.)顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別4．__________(n.)粉末；火藥5．_________(vt.)抓住；捉??；奪6．________(n.)文件；檔案；文件夾(vt.)提交；將……歸檔patent

product

distinguish

powder

seize

file

7．________(adj.)熟的；成熟的8．mercy(n.)仁慈；寬恕→____________(adj.)寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→______________(adv.)仁慈地；寬厚地9．cube(n.)立方體；立方→_________(adj.)立方的10．a(chǎn)brupt(adj.)突然的；意外的→____________(adv.)突然地；唐突地ripe

merciful

mercifully

cubic

abruptly

11．convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的→_______________(n.)便利；方便→________________(adv.)方便地12．cautious(adj.)謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的→___________(n.)小心；謹(jǐn)慎13．expect(v.)期望；預(yù)期→_______________(n.)預(yù)料；期待；期望14．merry(adj.)愉快的；高興的→___________(adv.)高興地；愉快地convenience

conveniently

caution

expectation

merrily

Ⅱ.短語互譯1．給……打電話 ____________2．偶爾；有時 __________________3．開始；著手 ______________4．把……和……區(qū)別開 _______________________________5．a(chǎn)pplyforapatent ____________6．inthecountryside ________________7．getridof ______________8．decideon ________callup

nowandthen

setabout

distinguish...from...

申請專利在農(nóng)村/鄉(xiāng)下除掉；擺脫決定Ⅲ.句型結(jié)構(gòu)1．Preparedwithsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches.[公式]過去分詞短語作狀語。[仿寫]由于多次邀請，我只好請假與她一起旅游。___________manytimes，Ihadtoaskforaleavetotravelwithher.2．Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmade...[公式]nor否定詞位于句首，句子部分倒裝。[仿寫]你不能離開，也不能打電話。Youcannotleave,_______canyoumakeacall.Invited

nor

Ⅳ.課文理解(Ⅰ)閱讀課文，選出最佳答案1．Thewriterwassuccessfultocatchthesnakesin______attempt.A．thefirst B．thesecondC．thethird D．every2．ThefollowingareusedinthethreeattemptsEXCEPT______.A．perfume B．a(chǎn)bowlC．jelly D．ice-cubesC

A

D

4．Thepurposeinwritingthistextis______.A．toshowushowtotrapthesnakesbutnottokillthemB．totellpeoplehowtoapplyforapatentofthewriter’snewideaC．tointroducethewriter’snewideaoftrappingthesnakesandherapplicationforapatentD．totellthereadershowtogetanewideaandmakeitapatentC

5．Thebiggestadvantageofthewriter’snewideaisthat______.A．itmakesthesnakesmoveslowlyB．itmakesthesnakeshardlybiteusC．itiseasierforustokillthesnakeswithouthurtingourselvesD．itiseasierforustocatchthesnakeswithoutkillingthemD

(Ⅱ)課文語法填空WhenIcalledupmymotheronthephone,shewasveryupset,1.___________somesnakescamenearherhousenowandthen.Ithoughtit2._______(be)achanceformetodistinguish3.__________byinventingsomethingmerciful4.________wouldgetridofthesnakes.Isetabout5._______________(research)thehabitofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.FinallyIdecidedonthreepossible6.______________(approach)．because

was

myself

that

researching

approaches

Myfirsttwoattemptsbothfailed,soIhad7._______________(improve)mydesignagain.Tomygreatdelight,thistimeIsucceeded.Allwasin8._______________(expect)andatlastIcollectedthepassivesnakesandmerrilyreleasedthemallbackintothewild.9.___________(press)bymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulidea10.______sendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.toimprove

expectation

Pressed

by

尋規(guī)巧記詞以less-結(jié)尾的詞with＋n.→介詞短語stainless不銹的aimless無目的的careless粗心的jobless無工作的homeless無家的withgreatcaution小心翼翼地withsurprise驚奇地withcare小心地withcomfort舒服地withrespect尊重地合作探究①Themandistinguishedhimselfbyhiswisdom.這個人因智慧而揚(yáng)名。②Canyoudistinguishbetweenthosetwoobjects?你能區(qū)分那兩個物體嗎？③Speechesdistinguishmanfromanimals.語言使人類區(qū)別于動物。核心詞匯1．distinguishvi.&vt.

顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別distinguishbetween...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和……distinguish...from...使……有別于……；使……具有區(qū)別于……的特征bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名distinguishoneself(as...)(作為……)表現(xiàn)突出distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的distinguishableadj.易分辨的；能區(qū)分的注意：distinguish常用于否定句，且常與can或could連用；tell也可表示“辨認(rèn)，辨別”，常與can或could連用，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。補(bǔ)全句子①Atwhatagearechildrenableto________________________________？兒童到什么年齡才能明辨是非？②Theyoungman__________________________byinventingsomethinguseful.這個年輕人通過發(fā)明有用的東西而使自己出名。distinguishbetweenrightandwrong

distinguishedhimself

③Theabilitytousetools____________________________theanimals.使用工具的能力使人類區(qū)別于動物。④TheChinesenation__________________________itsdiligenceandcourage.中華民族以勤勞、勇敢而著名。單句語法填空⑤Hangzhouisdistinguished_______itsbeautifulscenery.解析：句意：杭州因其美景而著稱。for表示原因。distinguishesmanfrom

isdistinguishedfor

for

Theyaskedhertobemercifultotheprisoners.他們要求她對犯人慈悲為懷。2．mercifuladj.

寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercifullyadv.仁慈地；寬厚地；幸運(yùn)地mercyn.仁慈；寬?。粦z憫ask/beg/pleadformercy請求/乞求/祈求寬恕shownomercyto對……絲毫不講仁慈/毫不憐憫……h(huán)avemercyon憐憫……atthemercyof任憑……的擺布withoutmercy無情地mercifullyadv.仁慈地；寬厚地；幸運(yùn)地mercyn.仁慈；寬??；憐憫ask/beg/pleadformercy請求/乞求/祈求寬恕shownomercyto對……絲毫不講仁慈/毫不憐憫……h(huán)avemercyon憐憫……atthemercyof任憑……的擺布withoutmercy無情地①Heisakindboss,whotreatstheworkersmercifully.他是一位好心的老板，對待工人很仁慈。②Weshowednomercytothetraitor.我們毫不憐憫那個叛徒。③Theywerelostatthesea,atthemercyofthewindandweather.他們在海上迷了路，任憑風(fēng)和天氣的擺布。用mercy的正確形式填空①Antoniowas____________thatheevenshowed_________toShylock.②______________，Imanagedtostopthecarjustintime.③Iprayyoutoshow_________tothechild.完成句子④They_____________________________________________thehostages.他們對人質(zhì)絲毫不講仁慈。⑤Thepoorcatis______________________thenaughtyboy.這只可憐的貓任由調(diào)皮的男孩擺布。merciful

mercy

Mercifully

mercy

showednomercyto/hadnomercyon

atthemercyof

Theycamehereinsearchofnewmarketsfortheirproducts.他們來此為他們的產(chǎn)品尋找新市場。3．productn．產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物；產(chǎn)量producevt.生產(chǎn)；制造n．(集合用法)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品producern．生產(chǎn)者productionn．生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量；總產(chǎn)量productiveadj.多產(chǎn)的；富有成效的Thefactoryproduces1,000carsaweek.這家工廠每星期生產(chǎn)一千輛轎車。freshproduce新鮮的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品product，production和produceproduct強(qiáng)調(diào)任何體力或腦力勞動所生產(chǎn)的東西，含義廣，是可數(shù)名詞。production指生產(chǎn)或產(chǎn)量，也可指文學(xué)作品。produce作名詞時，指農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，是不可數(shù)名詞。products

produce

producer

④如果我們不能賣出更多的貨物，就必須降低產(chǎn)量。Ifwecan’tsellmoregoods,we’llhavetocutbackonthe______________.⑤這本論述教育的書是他的最新作品。Thisbookoneducationsishislatest______________.⑥這個會議成效不太大。Itwasn’tavery______________meeting.production

production

productive

4．convenientadj.

便利的；方便的；就近的(1)beconvenientfor對……是方便的Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.某人方便做某事(2)convenience[U]方便；便利[C]便利的設(shè)施forconvenience為了方便起見atone’sconvenience在……方便的時候(3)convenientlyadv.方便地Itisconvenientformetogettotherailwaystation.我到火車站很便利。注意：convenient通常不以人作主語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“sth.beconvenientforsb.”及“It’sconvenient(forsb.)todosth.”。單句改錯①Somethinkonlineshoppingwasmoreconvenienceandthegoodsarecheaper.___________________________解析：根據(jù)并列連詞and后的cheaper可知應(yīng)用名詞convenience的形容詞形式作表語。②Toconvenience,hemovedtoliveinhisoffice.___________解析：句意：為方便起見，他搬到了辦公室居住?？疾榻樵~短語。forconvenience意為“為了方便起見”，為固定搭配。convenience→convenient

To→For

convenient

for

①It’sourexpectationthatyouwilldowell.我們期待你干得出色。②Shelookedatmewithexpectation.她滿懷期待地看著我。5．expectationn．[C，U]預(yù)料；期待；期望單句語法填空①Themandiditinexpectation______nothing.②Hefailedtoliveup______theexpectationsofhisparents.③Theplayerisexpected__________(do)betterthistime.完成句子④Likesomeofmyclassmates，Icannot______________________________(達(dá)到我老師的預(yù)期)．⑤Icameacrossmyuniversityprofessorinthesupermarketnearmyhouse，whichwas__________________________(出乎我的預(yù)料)of

to

todo

liveuptomyteacher’sexpectations

beyondmyexpectations

①Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytomakesuccess.我決定抓住這個機(jī)會來獲得成功。②Ican’tquiteseizeyourmeaning.我不太理解你的意思。③Theenemyseizedthetownafteraviolentattack.敵人猛攻后占領(lǐng)了這個城鎮(zhèn)。

6．seizevt.

抓??；捉??；奪；攻占beseizedwithanillness害病seizesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizethechance/opportunity抓住機(jī)會seize...bysurprise突襲……seizeon/upon抓住，利用(借口等)HeseizedMarybythearmwhenshewantedtoleave.當(dāng)瑪麗想離開時他一把抓住了她的胳膊。Tomseizedontheexcusetogetoutofthepractice.湯姆利用這個借口逃避了練習(xí)。Theboyseizeshisgirlfriendbythehandintherain.雨中男孩緊緊抓住他女朋友的手。seize/snatch/catch/grasp/grabseize“抓住”，強(qiáng)調(diào)猛然地、突然地，表示抓住某人身體的一部分時，后接介詞by，也可用于抽象事物。此外，該詞還有“奪取”“占領(lǐng)”之意。snatch“強(qiáng)奪，攫取”，指以迅速的拉扯動作出其不意地抓取。catch是最普通用詞，有“抓住”“捉拿”“追趕，拿到”等意思。grasp“抓住，控制在手”，表示用手或手臂牢牢地抓住，此外形容對知識的“理解”“掌握”“領(lǐng)會”。grab“奪取”或“抓住”，作“抓住”講時指突然拿走或抓住。①Thethieveswillsnatchyourlastbobifyougivethemhalfachance.一有機(jī)會，小偷便會搶走你的最后一個銅板。②Yesterdayhecaughtabird.昨天他抓住一只鳥。③Hegraspedtheideaanddidhisworksmoothly.他抓住了要領(lǐng)，做起工作來很順手。④Hegrabbedthemoneyandleft.他抓了錢就走了。單句語法填空①Onlyby___________(seize)everyminutecanwefinishitontime.②Companieswerequicktoseize______thechanceofferedbynewtechnology.③Whilecrossingtheroad,heoftenseizeshisfatherby_______arm.④Iseizedhim______surpriseandhehadnotimetothinkofanexcuse.seizing

on

the

by

Youshouldexerciseextremecautionwhendrivinginrain.在雨中開車要極為小心。7．cautionn．小心，謹(jǐn)慎單句語法填空①Hedidtheexperimentwithgreat___________.②Youshouldbe____________whencrossingthestreet.③Helookedaround______________whendrivingout.完成句子④Youshould_______________________whatyousaytothelittlegirl,forsheistoosensitive.對這個小女孩說話時要當(dāng)心點(diǎn)，她太敏感了。caution

cautious

cautiously

becautiousabout

I’llcallyouupthiseveningifpossible.可能的話今晚我給你打電話。

M名師點(diǎn)津callup當(dāng)表示“打電話”時，callup＝ringup＝ring＝call①Shecanstillcallupscenesofchildhood.她仍能想起兒時的情景。②Iwascalledupthreemonthsafterthewarbrokeout.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)3個月后，我被征召入伍。重點(diǎn)短語1．callup給……打電話；使……回憶起；召集，召集……入伍①Or,youmightstarttocarryalongwithyoutheusefulphonenumbers,soyoucouldcall_______helpwheninneed.解析：句意：或者，你可以開始隨身攜帶有用的電話號碼，以便需要時求助用?？疾楣潭ù钆?。callfor意為“需要，要求”。故用介詞for。②Today’sraceshouldhavebeencalled_______orrescheduled.解析：句意：今天的競賽本應(yīng)該被取消或重新安排?？疾楣潭ù钆?。calloff意為“取消；放棄”，符合題意。故用off。for

off

③Butallofusarecalled____________dailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.解析：句意：但是我們中的所有人每天都被要求做出許多個人決定?？疾楣潭ù钆?。callupon/onsb.todosth.意為“號召/要求某人做某事”。④Angryownershavecalledonthegovernment_____________(build)seadefensestoprotecttheirhomes.解析：句意：憤怒的主人已經(jīng)呼吁政府去建設(shè)海防來保衛(wèi)他們的家鄉(xiāng)?？疾椴欢ㄊ?。callonsb.todosth.意為“呼吁某人去做某事”。故用不定式作賓語。on/upon

tobuild

①Ateamofvolunteerssetabouttheworkwithdetermination.一組志愿者決心著手做這項(xiàng)工作。②Shesetaboutansweringlettersassoonasshearrivedattheoffice.她一到辦公室就開始寫回信。2．setabout(doingsth.)

開始(做)；著手(干某事)setout出發(fā)；啟程setouttodosth.開始做某事setoff出發(fā)；動身；開始(旅行、賽跑等)setaside留出；撥出；對……不予考慮；(為某目的)節(jié)省或保留(錢或時間)setdown停下……；讓……下車；記下；寫下setup設(shè)置；創(chuàng)立；開辦setoutfor＝setofffor＝leavefor出發(fā)到某地去setback阻礙某事物發(fā)展；把(鐘表指針)往回?fù)躶etsth.off使(炸彈、地雷等)爆炸setsth.up擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)(體育)記錄注意：setabout中about為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。①Thebombcouldbesetoffbytheslightesttouch.最輕微的碰撞都可能引爆這顆炸彈。②Let’ssetasidemypersonalfeelingsfornow.目前咱們就不要顧及我的個人感情了。③Hesetouttobreaktherecordforthechannelswim.他決心打破游過海峽的記錄。單句語法填空①ResearchersfromOxfordsetout_____________(prove)whethertheclaimthatcoffeedrunkfromawhitecuptastesbitterwastrue.解析：句意：來自牛津大學(xué)的研究人員開始驗(yàn)證用白色杯子喝咖啡味道苦的斷言是否是真的。考查不定式。setouttodosth.意為“開始做某事”。②In1271,NiccoloandMaffeoset_______againforAsia,thistimetakingMarcowiththem.解析：句意：在1271年，尼科羅和馬費(fèi)奧再次啟程去亞洲，這次是帶著馬克與他們一起去的?？疾楣潭ù钆?。setoff意為“啟程；出發(fā)”，符合題意。toprove

off

up

doing

難點(diǎn)解析1．ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.我所做的第一件事就是看有沒有什么產(chǎn)品可能幫助我，但是，看來只有一種毒死蛇的藥粉。(1)本句為but連接的兩個并列分句，其結(jié)構(gòu)如下：(2)thereseemtobe是therebe句型的變體，表示“似乎有……”。與there可以連用的謂語動詞還有：begoingto,appearto,usedto,belikelyto,happento等。①Thereseemtobefewertouristsaroundthisyear.今年來訪的旅游者似乎少了。②TherearegoingtobetwoEnglishpartiesnextweek.下周有兩場英語晚會。③Thereusedtobeabridgeacrosstheriver.過去河上有座橋。therebe句型中的be有時還可以換成其他表示“有，存在”的詞，如live，stand，lie，remain等。Therestandsaman-madehillnearthelake.在湖邊有一座假山。Thereremainedinthevillageonlywomenandchildren.村子里只剩下婦女和兒童。完成句子①________________________notimeforplaynow.現(xiàn)在似乎沒有時間玩了。②___________________________somemoneyinmypocket.我的口袋里碰巧有點(diǎn)兒錢。單句改錯③Itremainsacertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject._____________Thereseemstobe

Therehappenedtobe

It→There

whencooled的構(gòu)成為：連詞＋過去分詞，相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句：whenitiscooled。這屬于狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象，省略了從句的主語it和系動詞is。注意：如果連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it，且包含be動詞，則可以省略從句的主語或it和be動詞，形成“連詞＋分詞/形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，原從句為主動結(jié)構(gòu)時，分詞為現(xiàn)在分詞；原從句為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，分詞為過去分詞。2．Betweentheoutsideandtheinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeswhencooled.在碗的內(nèi)壁和外壁都抹上果凍，這些果凍冷卻后會凍結(jié)。①Whenwalkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.(＝WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet...)當(dāng)我正在街上走的時候，我遇見了我的老師。②Theballwillhitothersifthrownoutofwindow(＝...ifitisthrownoutofwindow)．這球會打到其他人如果它被扔到窗外的話。③Ifnecessary,I’llgiveyoutheanswer.(＝Ifitisnecessary，I’llgiveyoutheanswer.)如果有必要，我會把答案給你們。單句語法填空①Itusuallyhappensas_____________(describe)above.②Ifproperly___________(treat),wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.完成句子③I’llhelpyou________________(如果可能的話)．④Makesomechanges____________________(在必要的地方)．⑤Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakes___________________________(講英語的時候)．described

treated

ifpossible

wherenecessary

whenspeakingEnglish

before作連詞表示時間時，根據(jù)其在句中的實(shí)際情況，譯法有多種，具體可譯為：①在……之前WelivedinParisbeforemovingtoLondon.我們搬到倫敦之前住在巴黎。②……(之后)才……ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.很長一段時間之后我才重新入睡。3．ThenextmorningIgotupearlybeforethesunwashot.第二天早上，天還不太熱，我就早早地起床了。③(不多久)就……Itwasn’tlongbeforeshecameback.不久她就回來了。④以免……Lockyourbikebeforeitgetsstolen.鎖好你的自行車，以免被偷。⑤還沒來得及……就……BeforeJohnstoppedher,sheranout.約翰還沒來得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。翻譯句子①還要再過五天我們才能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。________________________________________________________________②不久就會有人來看你。________________________________________________________________③I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimebeforeLucygetsback.________________________________________________________本句中but連接兩個并列的動作freeze和place；as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時候”。as在英語中起的作用很多，它可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、方式狀語從句、定語從句等。當(dāng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時意為“雖然，盡管”，須用倒裝語序。4．ForthesecondattemptIfrozethebowlandtheice-cubesagainbutplacedthemoverthesnakes’shabitatintheevening,asthetemperaturewasstartingtocool.第二次試驗(yàn)時，我把碗和冰塊再次凍好，但在傍晚氣溫開始下降的時候把它們放在蛇穴的上方。Ashegrewolder,hebecamelesspatient.他年齡越大變得越?jīng)]有耐心。Aseverybodyishere，let’sbegin.既然大家都到了，咱們開始吧。YoungasIam(＝AlthoughI’myoung),Iknowalot.盡管我年齡小，我知道很多東西。when,while與aswhen表示“當(dāng)……時”，引導(dǎo)的從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時發(fā)生，也可以前后發(fā)生；動詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的。while表示“當(dāng)……時”，一般與延續(xù)性動詞連用，引導(dǎo)的從句強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。as表示“當(dāng)……時候”時，和when/while可通用，但是as強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。Whentheearthquakebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時，所有的學(xué)生正在熟睡。ThetelephonerangwhileIwastakingabath.我在洗澡時電話響了。Theytalkedastheywalkedalongtheriver.他們沿著河邊走邊談。完成句子①事情就如你喜歡的那樣。Itisjust_________________.②約翰一邊工作一邊唱歌。Johnsings_________________.③雖然我很喜歡它，但我不會買的，因?yàn)樘F了。_________________________,Iwon’tbuy,forit’stooexpensive.asyoulike

asheworks

MuchasIlikeit

“only＋狀語(副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)”位于句首時，句子須部分倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：①only＋介詞短語(inthisway/underone’shelp等)＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語。Onlyinthiswaycanyoumakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.只有用這種方法你才能改進(jìn)操作系統(tǒng)。5．Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.只有你得到這種承認(rèn)，你才可以說是一個真正的發(fā)明家。②only＋連詞(when/before/while/once/after等)引導(dǎo)的狀語從句＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語。Onlywhenhefinishestheworkcanhegohome.只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家。③only＋副詞(then/now/here/there等)＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語。OnlyrecentlyhaveIallowedmyselftothinkofthatagain.只有到了最近我才再次考慮這件事。注意：有時only雖置于句首，但如果修飾主語，句子則不需倒裝。Onlyonethingcanmakehimchangehismind.只有一件事才能使他改變主意。補(bǔ)全句子①Onlyaftermyfriendcame________________________________(電腦才被修理了)．②Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked_____________________________(你才會被允許進(jìn)入)．單句改錯③OnlythenIunderstoodwhatshemeant._____________________________________④Onlywhendidhegethomedidherealizewhathadhappened._________________________willyoubeallowedin

Iunderstand→didIunderstand

didheget→hegot

以否定副詞not，never,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,scarcely,rarely,neither,nor開頭的句子要用部分倒裝語序。Nevercanyoupasstheexamifyoudon’tdevoteyourselftoyourst