第10講：第10講：作文學(xué)習目標學(xué)習目標1.了解高中寫作的特點2.明確高中寫作的思路3.掌握常見的表達句型4.提高書面表達的能力例題講解學(xué)習內(nèi)容例題講解學(xué)習內(nèi)容假定你叫張華。一家英文報社來信邀請你調(diào)查一下中學(xué)生對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用情況，并依照調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇報道。請根據(jù)下表提供的信息，對你的調(diào)查作簡要介紹，發(fā)給報社。主要的用途出現(xiàn)的問題1.閱讀國內(nèi)外新聞，學(xué)習英語2.發(fā)e-mail、欣賞音樂、看電影玩游戲等3.網(wǎng)上購物1.過多地在網(wǎng)上玩游戲，浪費了時間，影響了學(xué)業(yè)2.瀏覽不健康信息，有害身心健康注意：詞數(shù)80左右；文章開頭與結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)Deareditor,I’mwritingtotellyousomethingabouthowthestudentsusetheInternet._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IhopeeverystudentcanmakeuseoftheInternetproperlyfortheirstudies.知識點1：寫作步驟——認真審題★根據(jù)所給文字信息或圖畫信息，審清作文題材、人稱、時態(tài)、要點。例題審題結(jié)果如下：答案: 1〕關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)缺點的介紹； 2〕第一人稱和第三人稱為主； 3〕一般現(xiàn)在時為主； 4〕要點1：閱讀國內(nèi)外新聞，學(xué)習英語；要點2：發(fā)e-mail、欣賞音樂、看電影玩游戲要點3：網(wǎng)上購物要點4：過多地在網(wǎng)上玩游戲、浪費了時間，影響了學(xué)業(yè)要點5：瀏覽不健康信息，有害身心健康~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~知識點2：寫作步驟——列出提綱★以詞及點，即用一兩個單詞或短語寫出每句話的細節(jié)要點。例題提綱要點如下：答案： 要點1：readnewsathomeandabroad；learn/studyEnglish 要點2：sende-mails；listento/enjoymusic；see/watchfilms；playcomputergames 要點3：doonlineshopping 要點4：spendtoomuchtimeinplayingcomputergamesonline；wastetime；influence/affect/haveabadeffectontheirstudies 要點5：readunhealthy/harmfulinformation；doharmtoboththeirbodyandmind~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~知識點3：寫作步驟——組詞成句★用組詞成句的方法將提綱要點的詞語擴展成句子。例題連詞成句如下：答案： 要點1：TheycannotonlyreadnewsathomeandabroadbutalsolearnEnglishthroughtheInternet/byInternet. 要點2：ByusingtheInternet,theycanalsosende-mailstotheirfamilies,relativesandfriends,enjoyvarioustypesofmusic,watchmoviesandplaycomputergames. 要點3：Theycandoonlineshoppingwithoutleavingtheirhomes. 要點4：Theyspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesonline.Therefore/Consequently/Asaresult,itwastesalotoftimeandaffectstheirstudies. 要點5：Theyreadsomeunhealthy/harmfulinformation,whichdoesharmtoboththeirbodyandmind.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~知識點4：寫作步驟——連句成篇★主語、謂語等主干成分要齊全；★適當增加時間、地點、條件等背景知識；★選用準確的連接詞銜接各個句子；★把握上下文的邏輯關(guān)系；★補齊開頭與結(jié)尾例題連句成篇如下：Deareditor,I’mwritingtotellyousomethingabouthowthestudentsusetheInternet.Asweallknow,theInternetisplayinganimportantroleinourdailylife.Thereisnodoubtthatitbringsstudentslotsofconvenience.Tobeginwith,theycannotonlyreadnewsathomeandabroadbutalsolearnEnglishthroughtheInternet/byInternet.What’smore,byusingtheInternet,theycanalsosende-mailstotheirfamilies,relativesandfriends,enjoyvarioustypesofmusic,watchmoviesandplaycomputergames.Last,theycandoonlineshoppingwithoutleavingtheirhomes.However,everycoinhastwosides.TheInternetalsohasitsdisadvantages.Theyspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesonline.Therefore,itwastesalotoftimeandaffectstheirstudies.Tomakethingsworse,theyalsoreadsomeunhealthy/harmfulinformation,whichdoesharmtoboththeirbodyandmind.IhopeeverystudentcanmakeuseoftheInternetproperlyfortheirstudies.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~知識點5：寫作步驟——潤色提升運用較復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如三大復(fù)合句，強調(diào)句，倒裝句，非謂語動詞，獨立主格等；長短句結(jié)合，防止通篇簡單句或長難句；盡可能使用高級詞匯或地道短語；主被動結(jié)合，防止句子主語過于單一，重復(fù)。例題潤色提升如下：Deareditor,I’mwritingtotellyousomethingabouthowthestudentsusetheInternet.Asweallknow,theInternetisplayinganimportantroleinourdailylife.Thereisnodoubtthatitbringsstudentslotsofconvenience.Tobeginwith,withthehelpoftheInternet,theycanhaveaccesstolearningthelatestnewsathomeandabroadaswellaslearningEnglish.What’smore,theInternetalsomakesitpossibleforthemtokeepintouchwithothersbysendinge-mailsandtorelaxthemselvesbyappreciatingmusic,seeingfilmsandplayingPCgames.Last,itismoreconvenientforthemtodoonlineshopping.However,everycoinhastwosides.TheInternetalsohasitsdisadvantages.Theyareaddictedto/arehookedon/areburiedin/arelostinonlinecomputergames,whichresultsinawasteoftimeandpoorperformanceintheirstudies.Tomakethingsworse,theyreadsomethingunhealthy/harmfulontheInternet,whichisphysicallyandmentallyharmfultothem.IhopeeverystudentcanmakeuseoftheInternetproperlyfortheirstudies.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~知識點6：寫作步驟——檢查修改，標準書寫拓展：★如何有效銜接、表達層次1〕表示順序/對照：first—second—third，firstly—secondly—thirdly，firstofall—then/next—afterthat—finally，ononehand—ontheotherhand表示轉(zhuǎn)折：onthecontrary表示總結(jié)：ingeneral,inaword,inshort,onthewhole,inbrief,toconclude,tosumup,inconclusion,…表示因果：because/becauseof,asaresult,therefore,thanksto…表示遞進：besides,what’smore,whatwasworse,moreover,furthermore,inaddition…表示讓步：inspiteof,despite/despitethefactthat…★如何表達自己的觀點1〕Asforme,…2〕Inmyopinion,…3〕AsfarasIamconcerned,…4〕Frommypointofview…5〕Iholdtheview/beliefthat…6〕Personally,Ibelievethat…7〕Accordingtomyexperience,Ithinkthat…★如何引出話題1〕Thereisnodoubtthat…毫無疑問…2〕Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否認…3〕Noonecanignorethefactthat…誰也不可無視…★總結(jié)句、開頭語1〕Tosumup/Inshort/Inconclusion/Inaword/Allinall,…總之，…2〕Takingallthefactorsintoaccount,wecandrawaconclusionthat…考慮到以上因素，能得到這樣的結(jié)論：…3〕Fromthediscussionabove,itcanbesafelyconcludedthat…根據(jù)以上討論，可以得出如下結(jié)論…4〕Tobebrief,weshouldbeawareoftheimportanceof…總之，我們應(yīng)當明白…的重要性。5〕Therefore,itisnecessaryforusto…因此，我們有必要…6〕Onlyinthisway/whenwe…,canwe…只有用這種方法/只有當…時，我們才能…課堂練習課堂練習有人認為，自行車在不久的將來會再次成為人們的新寵，對此你持何種態(tài)度，為什么？請利用今天所學(xué)的表達形式寫一篇100詞左右的短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:Manypeoplethinkthatthebikewillsoonbecomepeople’sfavoriteonceagain.Astothis,Ican’tagreemore.WhileIadmitthatitissometimesinconvenientforonetogoonalongtripbybike,bicyclesstillhavemoreadvantagesthandisadvantages,comparedwithcars.Thereareseveralreasonsthataccountformyopinion.Tostartwith,theyareaffordableformostpeopleandconvenienttopark.Next,theybringnoenvironmentalproblem.Inaddition,unlikecars,theyalmostcausenotrafficproblems.Finally,theybenefitpeople’shealthgreatlybygivingthemphysicalexercise.Inaword,wehavegoodreasontobelievethatthebikewillsoonbecomepeople’sfavoriteoncemore.能力提升能力提升〔一〕如今，生活在大都市有許多優(yōu)勢，同時也有不少煩惱。請根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇短文，介紹城市生活的利與弊，并說明你的態(tài)度〔是否喜歡城市生活〕文章開頭已給出。注意：100詞左右。利弊方便購物花銷大、住房昂貴交通便利空氣污濁休閑、娛樂形式多樣公交車擁擠Nowadayslivinginbigcitieshasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:Nowadayslivinginbigcitieshasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Therearealotofgoodpointslivinginbigcities.First,itiseasyforpeopletogoshoppingsincemostbigcitieshaveshoppingcenters.Convenienttransportationisanotherreasonforpeopletolovecitylife.Buses,subwaysandtaxiscantakeyouanywhereyouwant.Besides,withallkindsofentertainment,onecanneverfeelbored.However,notallthingsaresatisfying.Thebiggestproblemisthehighexpenses.Accommodationinbigcitiesissoexpensivethatonecanhardlyaffordit.Furthermore,theairinbigcitiesisnotsofreshasthatinthecountryside.Asforthetransportation,itisoftenverycrowdedinpublictransport,especiallyinrushhours.Inspiteofthedisadvantages,Istilllovethelifeinbigcitiesbecauseitisfullofexcitement,whichisappealingtoyoungpeople.〔二〕當下很多年輕人都熱衷于極限運動，但也有人不能接受極限運動，他們各自都持有自己的理由。請根據(jù)下表所提示的信息，寫一篇英語短文。內(nèi)容包括：1.對所給要點逐一陳述，可適當發(fā)揮，不要逐字翻譯。2.說明你的立場，并補充除表格中之外的1—2條理由。3.字數(shù)100左右。對極限運動的看法熱衷于極限運動的一方1.新鮮、刺激、有趣2.對人類自身極限的挑戰(zhàn)不接受極限運動的一方1.太危險，傷害身體2.花費太高Onepossibleversion:Extremesports,likebungeejumping,skateboarding,skysurfing,etc.,areverypopularwithyoungpeoplenowadays,buttherearealsodifferentvoicesfromtheopposition.Peoplewhoareinterestedinextremesportsholdthatthesesports,differentfromtheregularsports,aremoreexcitingandinteresting,andthattryingextremesportsisagreatchallengetothelimitsofhumanbeings.However,some,especiallythegenerationofparents,questionthesafetyofdoingextremesports.Theyworrythatpeoplemaygetinjuredbecauseextremesportsrequirespeedandskills,whicharemuchmoredangeroustopractice.Anotherconcernisaboutthehighexpenditure,especiallyontheequipment.Asanextremesportsfan,Iadmitthatdoingextremesportscanbedangeroussometimes,butthiscannotbeasufficientreasontodenyalltheenjoymentandexcitementthatwecanexperiencefromextremesports.Inmyopinion,doingextremesportscanhelpuskeepfit.Mostpeoplearelivingastressfullifeanddoingextremesportsisagoodwaytogettheirstressrelieved.Inaddition,mostextremesportsaredoneoutdoorsinnature,whichoffersusanopportunitytogetclosetothenature,explorethenatureandhaveabetterunderstandingoftheharmoniouscoexistenceofhumanbeingsandthenature.Whydon'twetryextremesports?〔三〕請你根據(jù)以下個人資料寫一篇100詞左右的短文，介紹我國著名田徑運發(fā)動劉翔，并簡述他的事跡給你的啟示。注意：1.內(nèi)容包括全部信息。2.結(jié)構(gòu)完整。3.使用連接語句使文章連貫。Name:劉翔DateofbirthJuly13,1983PlaceofbirthShanghaiInhischildhood對體育表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣，課余接受專業(yè)訓(xùn)練訓(xùn)練期間嚴格要求自己，成績進步顯著2004年，雅典〔Athens〕奧運會金牌，成為中國田徑〔trackandfield〕獲獎第一人2006年，瑞士〔Switzerland〕創(chuàng)下一項新的世界紀錄因傷入院治療。不放棄，出院后訓(xùn)練更加努力。戰(zhàn)勝壓力和傷痛重返賽場2009年世錦賽〔theWorldAthleticsChampionships〕銀牌LiuXiang—BackasaKing_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________