課時(shí)提升作業(yè)三十六選修8

Unit1

Alandofdiversity(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·廣州模擬)Manypeoplewronglythinkthatcitiesdon’thavefarmsandthatfruitandvegetablesareonlygrowninthecountry.Believeitornot,therearemoreandmoreurbanfarmspoppingupincitiesallovertheworld.AlexandraSullivan,afoodsystemresearcherinNewYorkCity,studiesurbanagriculture.Urbanagricultureisanothernameforfarmingandgardeninginacityenvironment.MsSullivanstudieseverythingfromtinygardensinemptylotsbetweenbuildingstobiggerfieldsthathavebeenplantedandgrown.AccordingtoMsSullivan,“Urbanagriculturehasexistedsincecitieshave,acrosstheworld.”Thenumberofhumanslivinginurbanareas,orcities,isincreasing.Theamountofpeoplewhowanttogardeninurbanareasisalsorising.MsSullivansays,“Insmallgardens,onrooftopsandindoors,theygrowfruit,vegetables,grains,andherbs,andraiseanimalstoproducemilk,eggs,honey,andmeat.Theyusethesefoodsassupplementstofoodproducedbyruralagriculture.”Eventhoughsomepeoplewholiveinurbanareasgrowcrops,urbanresidentsstillneedtorelyonfoodgrowninruralareas.Thisisbecauseacitydoesn’thaveenoughspacetogrowenoughfoodforeveryonelivinginit.InNewYorkCity,urbanfarmershavecomeupwithmanydifferentwaystogrowtheirownproduce,eventhoughthereisn’talotofroom.Forexample,BrooklynGrangeisafarmingoperationthathastworooftopvegetablefarmsinNewYorkCity.Alltogether,thefarmsaremadeupof2.5acresofrooftopspace.ThismakesBrooklynGrangeoneofthelargestrooftopfarmingoperationsintheworld.BrooklynGrangegrowsallkindsofthings.Thefarmingcompanysellsitsvegetablestolocalresidentsandrestaurants.Andbecausethefarmsareontherooftops,theyarespeciallyadaptedtotheirurbanlocation.Theyuseavailablespacethatisnotneededforanythingelse.Asmoreurbanfarmersfindwaystogrowfoodincities,urbanresidentswillbebetterabletogetfreshermaterialsfortheirmeals.【文章大意】文章主要介紹了都市農(nóng)場(chǎng)方面的事情。1.WhichofthefollowingisMsSullivan’sopinionaccordingtothetext?A.Thenumberofpeoplelivingincitiesisincreasingslowly.B.Urbanresidentsstillrelyonfoodgrowninruralareascompletely.C.Urbanagriculturehasahistoryaslongascities.D.Urbanagriculturecanprovidehugeincome.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句AccordingtoMsSullivan,“Urbanagriculturehasexistedsincecitieshave,acrosstheworld.”可知,Sullivan女士認(rèn)為都市農(nóng)業(yè)擁有與城市一樣長的歷史。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.Farmers.

B.Cityresidents.C.Ruralresidents. D.Companies.【解析】選B。代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段可知,住在城市里的人的數(shù)量在增長,想要在城市里從事園藝的人的數(shù)量也在增長,并結(jié)合該段Sullivan所說的話可推知they指的是“城市居民”。3.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrooklynGrangeinNewYorkCityfromthetext?A.Ithaslargefarmingareas.B.Itcanonlygrowsingleproducts.C.Itproducesenoughfoodforcitizens.D.Itmakesuseofrooftopspacetogrowvegetables.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Forexample,BrooklynGrangeisafarmingoperationthathastworooftopvegetablefarmsinNewYorkCity.”可知,BrooklynGrange利用屋頂上的空間種植蔬菜。4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.FarmsinCitiesB.FutureFoodSystemC.FoodGrowninCitiesD.AgricultureofNewYorkCity【解析】選A。主旨大意題。縱觀全文可知,文章主要講述都市農(nóng)場(chǎng),城市居民利用有限的空間,充分利用屋頂,花園和家里種植蔬菜、水果、谷物和藥草,并飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。文章就是圍繞城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)這一中心展開的,因此A項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最合適。B

Plantatrillion(萬億)trees?Thegoal21-year-oldFelixFinkbeinerhassetforhisorganization,Plant-for-the-Planet,isontheambitiousside.Unrealistic,though?NotifyouconsiderFelix’strackrecordsofar.

AfterfoundingPlant-for-the-Planetattheageofninein2007,Felixhadalreadypassedthemillion-treemark2010.Today,Plant-for-the-Planet’streecounterstandsatwellover15billion.

Thisbeganwithaschoolpresentationonclimateprotection.HavingbeenimpressedbyWangariMaathai,aKenyanwomanwhoseheroiccampaignresultedintheplantingof30milliontreesin30yearsandwonher,in2004,theNobelPrize,Felixendedhispresentationwithacalltoaction,“Let’splantamilliontreesineverycountryonearth!”“Beingfourth-graders,weprobablydidn’thavetheclearestideaofhowmanyamillionwas,”Felixrecallswithasmile.Thatdidn’tstopthemfromgettingtheballrolling,however.Justthreeyearslater,Felixandhisfriendshadplantedamillion.

Thesedays,Plant-for-the-Planetfunctionsasaninternationalyouthorganization.“Weseeourselvesasclimateprotectionadvocates,”Felixexplains.Inone-dayworkshops,childrenandteenscanapplytobecomeambassadorsforclimatejustice.Thisinvolvesholdingpresentations,organizinglocalcampaigns,andpassingtheirtrainingontoothers.Some63,000ambassadorsarecurrentlyactivein58countries.

Whenitcomestoplantingtrees,Plant-for-the-Planetalsoworkswithotherorganizationstoensureahighstandardofquality.“Wemakesurethattherightkindsoftreesareplantedand,ideally,thattheycanbeusedinsometypeofeconomicactivity,”Felixreports.

FelixisnowstudyinginternationalrelationsattheUniversityofLondon.“Iwanttojointheefforttosolveglobalproblems,”hedeclares.

5.Howmanytreeshavebeenplantedbytheprogramsofar?A.Overonemillion. B.About30million.C.Over15billion. D.Aboutatrillion.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段Today,Plant-for-the-Planet’streecounterstandsatwellover15billion這句話可知,菲利斯·芬克拜納和他的“植樹救地球組織(Plant-for-the-Planet)”迄今為止已經(jīng)種植了超過150億棵樹。6.WhatdoweknowaboutWangariMaathaifromthetext?A.ShesetagoodexampletoFelixFinkbeiner.B.SheencouragedFelixFinkbeinertocarryonwithhisplan.C.ShehelpedFelixFinkbeinerwithhisPlant-for-the-Planetprogram.D.ShetaughtFelixFinkbeinerhowtoplantsomanytreesinsuchashorttime.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。由第三段HavingbeenimpressedbyWangariMaathai,aKenyanwomanwhoseheroiccampaignresultedintheplantingof30milliontreesin30yearsandwonher,in2004,theNobelPrize可知,肯尼亞環(huán)保主義者旺加里·馬塔伊(WangariMaathai)30年種了3000萬棵樹,她的事跡深深打動(dòng)了菲利斯·芬克拜納。也就是說,這位非洲杰出女性給菲利斯·芬克拜納樹立了好榜樣。7.Theunderlinedphrase“gettingtheballrolling”inParagraph4probablymeans“

”.

A.startingdoingsomethingB.offeringahandtosomeoneinneedC.developingsomethingrapidlyD.takingpartinaballgame【解析】選A。詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線短語前一句說,作為四年級(jí)學(xué)生,菲利斯·芬克拜納他們可能并不清楚一百萬是什么概念。畫線后一句說,僅僅三年后,菲利斯和他的朋友們就種植了一百萬棵樹。顯然,菲利斯和他的朋友們開始了他們雄心勃勃的植樹計(jì)劃。由此可推測(cè)gettheballrolling的意思是“開始做某事(尤其是重大的事)”。8.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TopromotethePlant-for-the-Planetprogram.B.Toreporttheheroicdeedsofayoungman.C.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D.Tocallonmorepeopletobecomeambassadorsforclimatejustice.【解析】選B。目的意圖題。文章講述了Plant-for-the-Planet創(chuàng)始人菲利斯·芬克拜納的事跡:他要和小伙伴們一起種植1萬億棵新樹。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(2021·杭州模擬)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Howdoyourelaxafterastressfuldayintheoffice?Therearemanywaystohelpyourelax.

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Ittakesalittleefforttogettherebutthebenefitsaregreatforourstressed-outlives.Iamtalkingabouttheactivityofforestbathing.

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Itwasintroducedasanationalhealthprogrammebythecountry’sgovernment.StressedJapaneseworkersaretodaystillrelaxingandreconnectingwithnature.TheForestTherapySocietyhascertified62foresttherapysitesinthecountryandtheforestbathingmovementisalsoboominginotherpartsoftheworld.Itsays,“Justasbathinginahotspringhelpstosoakyourcaresoff,goingforawalkinthewoodsissaidtohaveacomfortingeffect.”

Forestbathingisabouttakingtimetowanderthroughwoodlandwithnofixedplanorrouteandjustexposeyourselftotheforestatmosphere.

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That’sparticularlygoodforpeoplewithmentalhealthissues.Astudyconductedin24forestsacrossJapanfoundthatwalkingamongtreesloweredbloodpressure,thepulserate,thusimprovingourimmunesystems.

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AnotherstudycarriedoutafewyearsagobyStanfordUniversityintheUS,foundsimilarbenefits.Brainscansshowedreducedactivityinanareaofthebrainlinkedtotheriskofmentalillnessinparticipantswhotooka90-minutewalkamongoaks,birdsandsquirrels.Oneoftheresearchers,GregoryBratman,said,“There’sanincreasingbodyofevidenceshowingthatnaturalareasbenefitusatleastemotionallywithourmoodandourphysicaldevelopmenttoo.”Theevidenceseemsclearthatforestbathingisashotinthearmforstressed-outworkers.Sonowisthetimetogetoutandloseyourselfinthenaturalenvironment.

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A.Butthebestwayliesinthegreatoutdoors.B.Connectingwithnaturehasneverbeenmoreurgent.C.Forestbathingisrisinginpopularityaroundtheworld.D.Havingthisexposuretonatureseemstopromotewell-being.E.Youcouldevenhugatreeasitcouldbeyournewbestfriend!F.TheJapaneseconceptofforestbathingdatesbacktothe1980s.G.Italsofoundforestbathingcoulddecreasestress,anxiety,anddepression.【文章大意】本文是說明文。我們?nèi)绾文軌蚋纳谱约簤阂值纳钅?作者在文章中給出了建議——森林浴。1.【解析】選A。結(jié)合上文的“Therearemanywaystohelpyourelax”和下文的“theactivityofforestbathing”可知,作者認(rèn)為放松有很多種方式,下文又提到forestbathing這一戶外活動(dòng),故選A項(xiàng)“Butthebestwayliesinthegreatoutdoors”中的thebestway呼應(yīng)上文的manyways,greatoutdoors可以與文章中的theactivityofforestbathing相呼應(yīng)。2.【解析】選F。結(jié)合下文的“Itwasintroduced...StressedJapaneseworkersaretodaystill...”可知,下文都在講述森林浴的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,而這與F項(xiàng)“TheJapaneseconceptofforestbathingdatesbacktothe1980s”(日本的森林浴概念可以追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代)相符。特別要注意關(guān)鍵詞Japanese的匹配、空后的It指代選項(xiàng)中的forestbathing及文章中的todaystill與選項(xiàng)中的datesbackto的呼應(yīng)。3.【解析】選D。結(jié)合上文提到的“exposeyourselftotheforestatmosphere”和下文的“goodforpeoplewithmentalhealthissues”“l(fā)oweredbloodpressure,thepulserate,thusimprovingourimmunesystems”可知,森林浴讓人接觸森林,體驗(yàn)大自然,這也有利于身心健康。要注意文章中的expose與選項(xiàng)中的exposure的呼應(yīng),且文中的“mentalhealth”“l(fā)oweredbloodpressure,thepulserate,thusimprovingourimmunesystems”與選項(xiàng)D中的“promotewell-being”意義相符。4.【解析】選G。根據(jù)上文的“l(fā)oweredbloodpressure,thepulserate,thusimprovingourimmunesystems”可知,森林浴能夠降低血壓、脈搏,提升免疫系統(tǒng)能力等,這與G項(xiàng)“Italsofoundforestbathingcoulddecreasestress,anxiety,anddepression”(研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)森林浴可以減少壓力、焦慮和抑郁)語意較一致。該題要注意上文和選項(xiàng)中都提到了森林浴的好處,同時(shí)也要注意lower與decrease的意義相近,以及選項(xiàng)中的also所表達(dá)的上下文的承接性。選項(xiàng)中的It指代上文的Astudy,且與下文的“Anotherstudy...found”呼應(yīng)。因此答案選G項(xiàng)。5.【解析】選E。結(jié)合上文的“Theevidence...isthetimetogetoutand...”可知,此處主要講述我們需要到外面去,擁抱大自然,這與E項(xiàng)“Youcouldevenhugatreeasitcouldbeyournewbestfriend!”(你甚至可以擁抱一棵樹,因?yàn)樗赡苁悄阈碌淖詈玫呐笥?)的語意較一致。要注意選項(xiàng)中的even(甚至)的語氣表示遞進(jìn),說明E項(xiàng)是對(duì)上文的進(jìn)一步延伸,故答案為E項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Onceinakingdom,amannamedLiamprotestedagainst(反對(duì))theKing.TheKingwassoangrybecausehedidn’tlikeanyonegoingagainsthimsoheorderedhissoldierstoarrest(逮捕)andhangtheman.Liamdidn’tshowanyfearandsaid,“MyLord,Iwillgladlyacceptyourpunishmentbutpleasegrant(允許)meonelastwish.Pleasegivemesometime.BeforedyingIjustwanttovisitmyhomeandseemychildrenonelasttime.”TheKingrefusedhisrequest,saying,“No.Ican’tallowit.Thereisnoguarantee(擔(dān)保)thatonceyouleaveyouwillcomeback.”Justthenamanfromthecrowdcameforwardandsaid,“MyLord,pleasearrestmeinsteadofhimasaguarantee.Ifhedoesn’tcomebackontime,youcanhangmeinsteadofhim.”TheKingwassurprisedbecausehehadneverseenamanwhowouldofferhisownlifeforsomeoneelse.Hebelievedthattherewasnorealfriendshipintheworld.TheKingaskedhim.“Whyareyoureadytotakethisperson’splace?”Themanreplied,“MyLord,LiamismybestfriendandIhavetrustinhim.Heisamanwhoalwayskeepshispromise.Iamsurethathewillbebackoncehefinishesmeetinghisfamily.”TheKingagreedandallowedLiamtoleaveforhishome.Hewasgivensixhoursinall.Hewouldneedonehourtogoandcomebackfromhishouse,sohehadatmostfivehourstomeethisfamily.Liamleftforhishouse.Hemethisfamily.HestillhadenoughtimetoreachtheKing’spalacebeforethetimeofhishanging.Liamwantedtocomebacktothehangingplaceassoonaspossible,butonhiswayhefellfromhish