3年高考2年模擬1年原創(chuàng)專題28新題型——任務型閱讀(教師版)

【考點定位】2014考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布

任務型閱讀是江蘇省在2008年開始采用的一種新的閱讀理解考查形式。而安徽2009

年高考英語命題最大的變化就是取消了短文改錯，增加任務型閱讀，詞匯要求提高至3000

個左右。

兩省的任務型閱讀的題型結構為一篇300詞左右的短文和表格，要求考生對文中的

有效信息進行篩選、整合和粽合概括，然后?隹確、有序地完成表格的空缺?根據(jù)說明，

一空只填一詞這不僅要求考生有較好的語篇理解能力，同時還必須具威取有效信

息、寸嗨文章整體結構的能力。而且在填寫過程中，考生還必須具備較扎實的詞法和句

法知識，因為所填寫的單詞不僅要準確表達意思，還必須在詞性和詞形上與上下文的句

子結構保持一致或匹配。根據(jù)圖表的呈現(xiàn)形式分為：1.組織結構式；2.網(wǎng)絡式；3.射

線式。

任務型閱讀的出現(xiàn)不僅有利于考查學生把握文章的篇章結構、綜合處理信息的能

力，體現(xiàn)出了新課改增加客觀表達題的努力，同時對英語教學和高考復習提出了極高的

要求。

【考點pk】名師考點透析

由于任務型閱讀是“新生事物”，學生普遍感覺很難。首先要了解表格的設置，據(jù)考試

說明中的范例，表格一般是文章的整體行文結構，包括標題、段落大意、文章細節(jié)、結論等

部分。其次要領悟空缺的類型，如：

1.篩選類：通過定位題目在文章中的位置即可找到答案，一般為原詞。

2.整合類：要對文章的原句進行加工，根據(jù)句型結構變化和語法要求提煉出新詞，

如：Therearemainlytwotypesofsources.-*Therearetwotypesof

sources,(main)

Thepersonpresentingtheprogramisverypassionate,fTheisvery

passionate,(presenter)

3.概括類：根據(jù)說明，要能概括出文章的標題、段落大意、文章的目的、結論等，要

求較高。同學們在填空時務必要仔細，注意單詞大小寫、單復數(shù)、詞性等。

解題規(guī)律跟思路

第一步：讀懂短文主要意思了解文章大意是解題的第一環(huán)，也是關鍵的一步。只有

讀懂了文章，才能順利地在表格中填出相關的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了

小標題，要特別注意4幅題，它通常是陵W和表格的主題句。讀懂了標題有助手理解短

文和表格的大意和結構。

第二步：理清短文主體結構了解短文的寫作思路和線索結構，有助于加深對篇章內(nèi)

容的理解，同時短文的結構往往也是很重要的命題線索表格項目基本上就患艮據(jù)篇章結

構而設計的。

第三步：分析完表格后細讀文章，確定答案。

仔細閱讀文章.尋■我相關I言息及關鍵詞。學會推理判斷，力爭返回原文，找出文章

哪一部分與題目相關，抓住關鍵詞語，以此為線索，在文中找出詞、句、句群來滿足問

題要求。

1)掌握歸納技巧。有時表格中(尤其最上欄、最左欄)需要學生概括相應欄內(nèi)的內(nèi)容，這

就要求學生學會使用一些概括性詞語。常用歸納概括性詞匯有：aims,purposes,reasons,

causes,results,effects,advice,suggestions,opinions,topics,background,

introduction,advantages,disadvantages,attitudes,features,phenomena(phenomenon),

tips,characteristics(character),personality,data,name,sex,conclusion等。

有忖不僅需要記清楚這些概括性詞匯，還要熟練掌握該詞匯的常用搭配，以便迅速鎖定最佳

詞語。如比較anintroductionofsomething,instructionsforsomething,measuresto

something和knowledgeaboutsomething后，考生們可以根據(jù)不同的介詞的使用，快速辨

清到底應使用這幾個相近名詞中的明K一個。

2)巧妙運用轉換。有時原文中的詞匯不能直接用來填入空格，要求學生用相應詞組替

代轉換。這就需要考生們平時多積累英語詞匯，學會用英語解釋英語，多查英英詞典，巧用

同義詞、反義詞、前綴、后綴、常用句型、詞語搭配等。

4.檢查答案。

主要檢查字數(shù)是否符合要求，所填內(nèi)容與原文意思是否保持通順一致，句意是否連貫，

是否符合語法規(guī)則等。

總之，只要考生注意平時多做任務型閱讀的題目，多總結各種表格的特點，注意常用詞

匯的積累，做題時細心并適時隨機應變，完全可以游刃有余地應對任務型閱讀這種新題型。

【三年高考】09、10、11、12、13高考試題及其解析

（2013江蘇卷）

任務型閱讀（共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文

章后表格中的空格里填入二個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

注意:請將答案寫在答題卡匕相應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。

QuietVirtue:TheConscientious

Theeverydaysignsofconscientiousness（認真盡責）一beingpunctual,carefulin

doingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous（一絲不茍的）inattendingto

responsibilities-aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,

thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,

andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It'stheconscientiousworker

whohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstowork

ontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.

Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjob

performance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilled

labortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularly

importantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization:

thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhois

alwaysontime.

AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewho

weremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalso

offersabuffer（緩沖）againstthethreatofjoblossintoday'sconstantly

changingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.For

thesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuch

astheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.

Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemeven

betterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluences

managers爺evaluationsoftheirwork,givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjective

measuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.

Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Since

conscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves,theycanholdotherpeopleto

theirownstandards,andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon爺tshowthesame

highlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates

whowereextremelyconscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workerseven

aboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized,whichdamagedtheir

relationships.

Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations,itcandiscourage

creativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising,opennesstowildideas

andspontaneity（自發(fā)性）arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscalls

forabalance,however;withoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough,people

becomemeredreamers,withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.

QuietVirtue:TheConscientious

—Conscientiouspeoplearevery(71)Awiththemselves.

Featuresof

conscientiousness

一Conscientiouspeoplearevery(72)Atoothers.

(73)▲of

conscientiousness

Employers,evaluationsoftheworkofconscientiouspeople

canbe(78)A.

Possible(77)AwithConscientiouspeoplewithoutsocialskillstendtohave

conscientiousness(79)▲relationshipswiththeirfellowworkers.

Conscientiousnesscan(80)▲creativity,especiallyin

professionscallingforimagination.

【語篇解讀】任務型讀寫卜:要考任務生對文中行效信息進行篩選、整合和綜今概括的能力。

要求考生在閱讀理解的基礎上，對閱讀信息進行二次加工，歸納要點，、整合零散信息，并

以表格的形式把加工后的信息準確、有序地發(fā)達出來。本文是?篇說明文。通常來說，盡職

盡責是個很大的優(yōu)點：I:作認真負責，守時自律，幫助別人等等,但同時也有它的缺點，

如阻礙創(chuàng)造性，對同出要求過嚴而影響關系等。

71.解析：歸納總結題..第?段中講述的盡職盡責的人的特點：beingpunctual.carefulindoing

work,sclf-disciplincd,andscrupulous（?絲不茍的）inattendingtoresponsibilities他們守時，E

作中細心，H律，世不荀這些都說明他們時自」要求很嚴格.

答案：strict

72.解析:信息轉換題第It,stheconscientiousworkerwho"helps'*newcomersor

updatespeople….說明，盡職盡責的人對別人是helpful或?!good

答案：helpfulgood

73.解析：歸納總結題:文章的第234段講述了盡職盡責好處和重要性。

答案：FunctionsRolesImportanceSignificance

74.解析：ill濘段的〔hepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould可知答案。

答案：runningworkinggoingoperatingfunctioning

75.解析：在接信息即從笫Ji1!'：I*JInstudiesofjobperfornKuicc.outstandingeffectiveness

foralmostalljobs…川.知笞■案

答案：perfbrniancc（s）

76.解析：信息也換題從笫?.段的Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer（緩沖）againstthe

thrciitofjoblossintoday'sconstantlychangingmarket.nJ如他們不容易失1.作，轉化為動

詞，即可得到答案。

衿案：fireddismissed.jobless

77.解析：直接信息;題從第“段的第?句話Buiconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocial

skillscanleadtoproblems.知笞■案.

答案：problcms/troublcs

TX.?hi："乂L2泊（hemhigherihunohjcclnctncusurcs

恪K

答任：higherMibjcctivcuntilirprejudiced

T<>?'機：1I納總外包H：T；h；占W的..6crl、jiidgmcnljl...lended【仆CMID/Cowrlcr、.

EL.他們川，川"h求.可他火力犯kMHR而接成Z轉履我

K：tense（.lanugcdpnorbad

so.M析：fl接illMiAli：I-Jitcandiscouragecreutivilytil祚*:

??"V.：di>courageailedckiiiugc

2012高考英語試題

[2012?江蘇卷]

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入二個最恰當?shù)膯?/p>

詞。

注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。

aHappinessAdvantagewEffect

InJuly2010Burt'sBees,apersonal-careproductscompany,wasgoing

throughenormouschangeasitbeganaglobalexpansioninto19newcountries.In

thiskindofhigh-pressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantswith

frequentmeetingsorfloodtheirin-boxeswithurgentdemands.Indoingso,managers

lifteveryone，sanxietylevel,whichactivatesthepartofthebrainthatprocesses

threatsandstealsresourcesfromtheprefrontalcortex（大腦皮層），whichis

responsibleforeffectiveproblemsolving.

Burt，sBees*sthen-CEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.Eachday,

he'dsendoutane-mailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.

He'dinterrupthisownpresentationstoremindhismanagerstotalkwiththeirteams

aboutthecompanyJsvalues.Heaskedmetofurtherathree-hoursessionwith

employeesonhappinessinthecourseoftheexpansioneffort.Asonememberofthe

seniorteamtoldmeayearlater,Wolfgang"semphasisondevelopingpositive

leadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalastheysuccessfully

transformedthecompanyintoaglobalone.

Thatoutcomeshouldn'tsurpriseus.Researchshowsthatwhenpeoplework

withapositivemind-set（思維模式），performanceonnearlyevery

level—productivity,creativity,involvement—improves.Yethappinessisperhaps

themostmisunderstooddriverofperformance.Forone,mostpeoplebelievethat

successcomesbeforehappiness."OnceIgetapromotion,I'11behappy,“they

think.Or,“OnceIhitmysalestarget,V11feelgreat."Butbecausesuccess

isamovingtarget—assoonasyouhityourtarget,youraiseitagain—thehappiness

thatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.

Infact,itworkstheotherwayaround:Peoplewhohaveapositivemind-set

performbetterinthefaceofchallenge.Icallthisthe“happiness

advantage一everybusinessoutcomeshowsimprovementwhenthebrainispositive,

rveobservedthiseffectinmyroleasaresearcherandlecturerin48countries

ontheconnectionbetweenemployeehappinessandsuccess.AndI'mnotalone:Inan

analysisof225academicstudies,researchersfoundstrongevidenceof

cause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusiness

outcomes.

Anothercommonmisunderstandingisthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,or

acombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.Tobesure,bothfactorshave

animpact.Butone'sgeneralsenseofwell-beingissurprisinglyunstable.The

habitsyouform,thewayyouinteractwithcolleagues,howyouthinkabout

stress—allthesecanbemanagedtoincreaseyourhappinessandyourchancesof

success.

|"HappinessAdvantage”Effect|

Leaderstendto71._—theirassistants

Ausualtoooften.

approachto

managementSuchamanagementstylemayresultin

greater72.___andlessproductivityin

theassistants.

JohnWolfgangwas73.___ofhisass-

5

Adifferentistantsfeelings.

approachtoThemanagersremained74._tothe

managementcompany.

Positiveleadershipcouldmakeabig

75.toemployees'performance.

Happinessisperhapsthemostmisun-

derstooddriverofperformance.

Asamatteroffact,your77.___won't

Researchkeepyourhappinesslong.

findings:

PeopleThe"happinessadvantage^^effectis

performbetter78.provedbyresearchfindings.

whenthinking

76._Itisalsomisunderstoodthathowhappy

weareis79.___byourgenetics,envi-

ronmentoracombinationofthetwo.

Alotoffactorshaveanimpactonhow

happypeopleareandwhetherthereare

80.ofbeingsuccessful.

【文章大意】最近一項研究表明，一個人的幸福感可能會決定是否能夠成功。所以在企

業(yè)中，若經(jīng)理保持著樂觀的管理態(tài)度，體貼員工，這將使員工的幸福感增強，從而更愿意投

入到工作中。

71.botherannoy細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“二nthiskindofhigh-pressure

s：mat:on:manyleadersbothertheirassistants招二th…”可知此處用botherannoy.

Ianx:?r/concernworry細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句doingso;managers

lifteveryonesanxietylev???,可知此處用anxietyconcernworry.

^3.considerateawareconscious歸納推理題。根據(jù)第二段可知，JohnWo：定anr采

取了一種不同的管理方法，即理解、體貼助手，取得了非常好的效果，藪藥用

considerateawareconscious.

"4.loyalfaithfuldevotedcomniitted細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“…匕pth:s

managersact:\,e：yinvolvedandloyalasth號…”可知此處可用

loyalfaith缸devotedconmi：tted8

75.difference歸納總結題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“…astheysuccessfully

transformedthecompanyintoaglobalone”可知積極的領導關系對員工的表現(xiàn)起著非

常大的作用。makeadifference“起作用，有效果”，符合語境。

76.positively詞性轉變題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“…whenpeopleworkwitha

positivemind-set”可知答案。注意此處用positive的副詞形式positively修飾動詞

thinko

77.success/achievements細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“…youraiseit

again——thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.“可知答案。

78.strongly詞性轉變題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“…researchersfoundstrong

evidenceofcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessful

businessoutcomes.”可知此處用strong的副詞形式strongly修飾動詞proveo

79.determined/decided詞性轉變題。根據(jù)最后一段“…isthatourgenetics,

ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.”可知

此處答案。

80.chances/possibilities/opportunities歸納推理題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一

句可知“你形成的習慣，與同事交流的方式，如何看待壓力等都和是否有可能成功有關系”，

故此處表示“可能性/機會”，即chances/possibilities/opportunitiesc

2011高考英語試題

（2011江蘇卷）任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入7個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。

WhenShouldaLeaderApologizeandWhenNot?

WhyDifficult?

Whenwewrongsomeoneweknow,evennotintentionally,wearegenerallyexpected

toapologizesoastoimprovethesituation.Butwhenwe'reactingasleaders,the

circumstancesaredifferent.Theactofapologyiscarriedoutnotmerelyatthe

leveloftheindividualbutalsoattheleveloftheinstitution.Itisaperformance

inwhicheveryexpressionmattersandeverywordbecomespartofthepublicrecord.

Refusingtoapologizecanbesmart,oritcanbestupid.So,readinesstoapologize

canbeseenasasignofstrongcharacterorasasignofweakness.Asuccessful

apologycanturnhateintopersonalandorganizationalharmony-whileanapology

thatistoolittle,toolate,ortooobviouslystrategiccanbringonindividual

andinstitutionalruin.What,then,istobedone?Howcanleadersdecideifand

whentoapologizepublicly?

WhyNow?

Thequestionofwhetherleadersshouldapologizepubliclyhasneverbeenmore

urgent.Duringthelastdecadeorso,theUnitedStatesinparticularhasdeveloped

anapologyculture-apologiesofallkindsandforallsortsofwrongdoingsaremade

farmor.efrequentlythanbefore.Morenewspaperwritershavewrittenaboutthe

growingimportanceofpublicapologies.Morearticles,cartoons,advicecolumns,

andradioandtelevisionprogramshavesimilarlydealtwiththesubjectofprivate

apologies.

WhyBother?

Whydoweapologize?Whydoweeverputourselvesinsituationslikelytobe

difficult,embarrassing,andevenrisky?Leaderswhoapologizepubliclycouldbe

aneasytarget.Theyareexpectedtoappearstrongandcapable.Andwheneverthey

makepublicstatementsofanykind,theirindividualandinstitutionalreputations

areindanger.Clearly,then,leadersshouldnotapologizeoftenorlightly.For

aleadertoexpressapology,thereneedstobeagood,strongreason.Leaderswill

publiclyapologizeifandwhentheythinkthecostsofdoingsoarelowerthanthe

costsofnotdoingso.

WhyRefuse?

Whyisitthatleaderssooftenrefusetoapologize,evenwhenapublicapology

seemstobeinorder?Theirreasonscanbeindividualorinstitutional.Because

leadersarepublicfigures,theirapologiesarelikelytobepersonally

uncomfortableandevenprofessionallyrisky.Leadersmayalsobeafraidthat

admissionofamistakewilldamageordestroytheorganizationforwhichtheyare

responsible.Therecanbegoodreasonsforhangingtoughintoughsituations,as

weshallsee,butitisahigh-riskstrategy.

WhenShouldaLeaderApologizeandWhenNot?

Publicapologyismuchmorethanapersonal(71)▲.

Whyisitsodifficult

toapologizeIt'sno(72)▲jobtostrikeabalancebetweenapologizing

publicly?ornot.

Apologiesnot(73)▲offeredcanbringonindividualand

institutionalruin.

WhyhastheissueofInanapology(75)A.admissionofallsortsofwrongdoings

publicapologybeenismorerequiredthanbefore.

so(74)▲now

The(76)▲importanceofpublicapologieshasbeenwidely

intheUSA?

reportedinthemassmedia.

Beingpublicfigures,leadersare(77)▲toappearstrong

Whydoleadersbotherandcapable.

somuchaboutpublic

apologies?Thereneedstobeasufficientreasonforaleadertoapologizein

(78)▲.

Makingapologiesis(79)▲tobepersonallyuncomfortable

Whydoleadersoftenandevenprofessionallyrisky.

refusetoapologize

publicly?Admissionofamistakeorwrongdoingwillprobablydo(80)▲

totheirorganization.

【語篇解讀】本文主題為：領導人何時應該（不應該）道歉？從領導人公開道歉為什么

困難，現(xiàn)在在美國為何如此急迫，為何如此麻煩，為何經(jīng)常拒絕公開道amI方面進行闡

述。

1.答案performanceactactivity

【解析】根據(jù)第一段第三句"Theactofapologyiscarriedoutnotmerelyatthelevel

oftheindividualbutalso…”或第四句"Itisaperformace...99可知此處表示“行

為(表現(xiàn)/活動)”。

72.答案easy

【解析】根據(jù)第一個標題diffisW，結合第一段文意可知此處itisnoeasyjobto

do表示?……不是容易的活兒、

73.答案successfijlly

【解析】根據(jù)第一段第七句Asuccessfulapolog}-canturnhateintopersonaland

organizationharmony?..「可知此處表示,,成功地：0

:二.答案urgent

【解析】根據(jù)第二段第一"Thequestionof-vhetlier<1!i4c!：'gizepubliclyhas

ne-.erbeenmoreurgent「可知此處表示??緊急的,,迫的

:，答案culnire

【解析】根據(jù)第二段第二句二h二’1ap1'jvculture—apologiesofallkindsand

forallsortsof-3.10ns:=in?一/sni：iefuqueiitlytlianbuforu：.可知此處表示一文化，

76.答案p,*inzinrreasinriistu7

［解析】根二木...diegrov.ingimportanceofpublicapologies.F知此處表示

增長（上升）、

一?.答案expectAipposedrequired

【解析】根據(jù)第三段第四句aTheyareexpectedtoappearstrongandcapable.”可知

此處beexpected/supposed/requiredtodosth表示“被期望/應該/被要求要求做某

事”。

78.答案public

【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句aLeaderswillpubliclyapologizeif…”可知此處in

public表示“在公共場合（公開地）”。

79.答案likely

【解析】根據(jù)第四段第三句theirapologiesarelikelytobepersonally

comfortableandevenprofessionallyrisky.”可知此處belikelytobe表示“很有可

能…”O(jiān)

80.答案harm/damage

【解析】根據(jù)第三段第四句“…willdamageordestory…”可知此處doharm/damageto

表示“對……有害”。

2010高考英語試題

（2010高考江蘇卷）

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入：個最恰當?shù)膯?/p>

詞。

注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填1個單詞。

Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeenseekingtounderstandthemystery

ofthe“sixthsense"ofdirection.Bytryingoutideasandsolvingproblemsone

byone,theyarenowgettingclosertooneanswer.

Onefunnyideaisthatanimalsmighthaveabuilt-incompass（指南針）.

Ourearthitselfisabigmagnet（磁體）.Soalittlemagneticneedlethatswings

freelylinesitselfwiththebigearthmagnettopointnorthandsouth.Whenpeople

discoveredthatideaaboutathousandyearsagoandinventedthecompass,itallowed

sailorstonavigate（航海）onoceanvoyages,evenundercloudyskies.

Actuallytheideaofthelivingcompasscamejustfromobservinganimalsin

nature.

Manybirdsmigratetwiceayearbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinterhomes.Some

ofthemflyforthousandsofkilometersandmostlyatnight.Experimentshaveshown

thatsomebirdscanrecognizestarpatterns.Buttheycankeeponcourseevenunder

cloudyskies.Howcantheydothat?

Acommonbirdthatdoesnotmigratebutisgreatatfindingitswayhomeisthe

homingpigeon.Notallpigeonscanfindtheirwayhome.Thosethatcanareverygood

atit,andtheyhavebeenwidelystudied.

Oneinterestingexperimentwastoattachlittlemagnetstothebirds'heads

toblocktheirmagneticsense一justasaloudradiocankeepyoufromhearinga

calltodinner.Onsunnydays,thatdidnotfoolthepigeons.Evidentlytheycan

usethesuntotellwhichwaytheyaregoing.Butoncloudydays,thepigeonswith

magnetscouldnotfindtheirway.Itwasasifthemagnetshadblockedtheirmagnetic

sense.

Similarexperimentswiththesamekindofresultsweredonewith

honeybees.Theseinsectsalsoseemtohaveaspecialsenseotdirection.

Inspiteoftheexperiments,theideaofananimalcompassseemedpretty

extraordinary.Howwouldananimalgetthemagneticstuffforacompass?

Ananswercamefromanunexpectedsource.Ascientistwasstudyingbacteriathat

liveinthemudofpondsandmarshes.Hefoundaccidentallylittlerod-likebacteria

thatallswamtogetherinonedirection一north.

Furtherstudyshowedthateachlittlebacteriumhadachainofdenseparticles

inside,whichprovedmagnetic.Thebacteriahadmadethemselvesintolittlemagnets

thatcouldlineupwiththeearth*smagnet.

Thebignewswasthatalivingthing,evenasimplebacterium,canmake

magnetite.Thatledtoasearchtoseewhetheranimalsmighthaveit..Byusinga

specialinstrumentcalledmagnetometer,scientistswereabletofindmagnetitein

beesandbirds,andeveninfish.Ineachanimal,exceptforthebee.themagnetic

stuffwasalwaysinorclosertothebrain.

Thus,theideaofabuilt-inanimalcompassbegantoseemreasonable.

TheMagneticSense—TheLivingCompass

PassageoutlineSupportingdetails

TheexistenceoftheOOurearthisabigmagnetandalittlefreely(71)

earthmagnetandtheAmagneticneedlelinesitselfwiththeearth

inventionofthemagnettopointnorthandsouth.

navigatingcompass?(72)▲ontheideaabove,thenavigating

compasswasinvented.

ThepossibilityofOOnepieceofevidenceisthe(73)▲of

birds'built-inmanybirdsbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinter

compasseshomes.

OBirdscanrecognizestarpatternsonclear

nightsandkeeponcourse(74)▲____under

cloudyskies

The(75)▲onOLittlemagnetsweretiedtothepigeons'heads

pigeons'andbees'to(76)▲theirmagneticsense.

built-incompassesOThepigeons'magneticsenseseemedtobe

affectedon(77)▲days.

?Similarthingswiththesameresultsweredone

withbees.

The(78)▲ofOLittlerod-likebacteriawerefoundbychanceto

themagneticstuffforswimtogetherinthedirectionof(79)A

theanimalcompassOSomeanimalshadachainofdensemagnetic

particlesinorclosetothe(80)▲inside

theirbodies.

71.【解析】swinging。將文章中的第二段中第二句中定語從句thatswings換用在現(xiàn)在

分詞swinging作定語。

.【解析】Based。根據(jù)第三段第三句飛henpeoplediscoveredthatidea止outatliousand

yearsago3ndinventedtliecompass可知，指南針是以此為基礎發(fā)明的，所以用Based,

與介詞on相搭配。

73.【解析】migration。根據(jù)第五段第一句Z'.Zaiiybirdsmigratevviceayear可以判

斷。

?【解析】曰口1。根據(jù)第五段倒數(shù)第二句Butdieycankeeponco、clo?.idy

sLius可以判斷。

75.【解析】experiments/tests/sf.id；,/resear*1,o：,八,?JM爸第七段和第八段

在鴿子和蜜蜂身上做實驗的內(nèi)容。

75.【解析】block?根據(jù)第匕，”14；；Jim?出eti;sunsu可以判斷。

77.【解析】cl