評講課Unit1ScienceFictionExercise（2）一、評講目的：1．通過評講讓學生進一步掌握本單元所學知識及做題方法與技巧。2．通過評講使學生弄清自己的錯因，夯實學生的基礎知識。3．通過評講進一步提高學生的做題技巧，讓學生熟練做題，提高做題效率。二、評講方法：1、Checktheanswers.2、Talkaboutthefalsequestionsingroupsandfindoutthereasons.3、Explainthepuzzlesbyteachers.三、評講過程：1、試題分析：(30min)閱讀理解（難度：簡單）Winningaremarkablescienceawardisreallyabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.“Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsopavesthewayforanexcitingnewfuture.”Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfireatHolder’sCountryInn,whichstartedinthekitchen.“Theyhadsmokedetectorsandyetitstillburneddown,”sheadded.Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Shayaspentoverayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatshebelievescouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Shanya’sthermal(熱的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.WithathermalcameraandaRaspberryPi,atinycomputerthedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Creatingtheprototype(原型)wasdifficultandthehardestpartwastheprogramming,“Ihadtwodesigns,andmyfirstdesigncompletelyfailed.ItwasareallybigchallengeIhadtogothrough.”shesaid.Thefinaldeviceoutperformssmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Shanyawantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.“Shanyasawaproblem,wentafteritandtriedtosolveit,andthat’swhatweneedtoencouragewithallyoungpeople,”saidAjmera.Shealsohighlightedthesignificanceofsupportingindividuals,especiallygirlsandkidsofcolor,inSTEMfields,asresearchindicatesthatmanyyoungpeopledropoutoftheseareas.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutShanyafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shegainedalotofmoneyintheaward.B.Sheshowedacuriousnatureasaschooler.C.Shesetabigstageforyoungpeopleherage.D.Shewasjuniortootherwinnersinperformance.25.WhatmotivatedShanyatodevelopherfiredetectionsystem?A.Herdesiretowinthescienceaward.B.Herexperienceofadestructivefire.C.Herinterestincomputerprogramming.D.HergoaltoimproveSTEMeducationforgirls.26.WhatisanadvantageofShanya’sinvention?A.Itconsistsoftwopartsthatareeasiertoconduct.B.Itcansendoutawarningagainstapotentialfire.C.Itcandetectactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.D.Itfunctionswhenafirebreaksoutwithin10minutes.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Reliable.B.Cooperative.C.Innovative.D.Generous.【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了來自加州圣何塞的中學生ShanyaGill在賽默飛世爾科學少年創(chuàng)新者挑戰(zhàn)賽中獲得了最高獎項，因為她設計了一種優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的火災探測系統(tǒng)。文章介紹了這種系統(tǒng)開發(fā)背后的靈感來源以及優(yōu)點。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.(科學學會主席兼首席執(zhí)行官瑪雅·阿杰梅拉在新聞發(fā)布會上說：“頂級獲獎者表現(xiàn)出了無限的好奇心?！?”可知，Shanya表現(xiàn)出學者好奇的天性。故選B。2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.(據(jù)《華盛頓郵報》報道，Shanya的靈感來自于2022年夏天一場大火燒毀了她家附近的一家餐館)”可知，經(jīng)歷了一場毀滅性的火災促使Shanya開發(fā)她的火災探測系統(tǒng)。故選B。3.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.(該設備配備了一個熱像儀和一臺微型電腦，當熱源無人看管超過10分鐘時，它就會檢測到，并發(fā)出短信警告。)”可知，Shanya的發(fā)明優(yōu)點在于可以發(fā)出潛在火災的警告。故選A。提問：七選五（難度：較易）TheSpotlightEffectHaveyoueverfeltasiftheentireworldwaswatchingwhileyoumadeamistake?Well,here’ssomegoodnews:it’slikelythatnooneevennoticed.36Wehavethisexperiencenotonlywhenwemakemistakesbutalsowhenweperformwell.Everytimewedosomethingthatisalittledifferentfromwhatweusuallydo,wemayassumethateveryonearounduswillnotice.Thespotlighteffectmighthappenwhenwemakeamistakeinagame,haveabadhairday,orgiveaterribleanswerinclass.37Inthesemoments,itfeelslikeeveryoneiswatching.Thespotlighteffectexistsbecauseweallgetusedtoseeingthingsthroughourowneyes.Everypersonisthemaincharacterinhisorherstory,andtheeventsofourlivesseemtohavegreatimportance.38Thespotlighteffectisaverycommonpartofthehumanexperience.However,insomecases,itcanleadtoextremesocialanxietyandnervousnessaroundotherpeople.Everyonesufferssomedegreeofsocialanxiety.Weallcareaboutwhatothersthink,andweallwanttobeliked.It’snormaltowonderaboutwhateffectwehaveonotherpeople.39Ifsomeoneissonervousthattheycan’tmakegooddecisions,thenit’stimetotakeactionandimprovethesituation.Learningaboutthespotlighteffectisimportantbecauseitcanhelpusreduceouranxiety.Nexttimeyoufeellikeeveryoneisstaringatyou,remindyourselfthatit’sjustyourmindplayingtricksonyou.40Ifyoufillyourmindwiththoughtsofyourfriendsandfamily,itwillhelpyoubelessself-conscious.A.However,thiscanbeaproblemwhentheanxietyistoomuchtohandle.B.That’swhyfewerpeoplenoticetheembarrassingcircumstancestheyencounter.C.Anothergoodexerciseistomakeanefforttonoticethepeoplearoundyou,ratherthanfocusingonyourself.D.Thespotlighteffectisatrickofthemindthatmakesusbelievethatpeoplenoticeusmoreoftenthantheyreallydo.E.Whatyoucandoatthismomentistoignorethem.F.Wearesobusyexaminingourselvesthatweactuallyobserveverylittleabouteveryonearoundus.G.Itcanalsoappearwhenwescoreabiggoal,asksomeoneonadate,ordoagooddeed.【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了回形針的發(fā)明，它對有文件都保存在一起起到了重要的作用。1.G根據(jù)下文“Theseincludedtyingribbonsthroughthepaper,andmeltingwaxtosecurethepapersinplace.Fornearly600years,thesewerethemethodsusedtosecurepapers.”（這些方法包括在紙上系絲帶，融化蠟油以固定紙張。近600年來，這些都是用來確保文件安全的方法。）可知，選項承接下文說明各種方法來確保文件保存在一起。下文是對選項的具體說明。故選項“因此，從13世紀早期開始，人們創(chuàng)造了各種方法來確保文件保存在一起”切題。故選G項。2.A根據(jù)下文“In1835,amachinethatcouldmass-producestraightpinswasinventedbyHoweJ.L.,anAmericaninventor.”（1835年，美國發(fā)明家HoweJ.L.發(fā)明了一種可以大量生產(chǎn)大頭針的機器）可知，選項承接下文說明大頭針的發(fā)明。故A選項“下一個紙質(zhì)發(fā)明是大頭針”切題。故選項。3.D根據(jù)下文“In1899hepatentedthedevice,whichconsistedofawirebentintoapa