2021年6月英語四級真題+答案范文(第二套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonwhetherviolentvideogames

onlinewillcausestudents9violentbehaviors.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomore

than180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)全國共考了兩套聽力，已在第一和第三套放了聽力原文和

題目，本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeach

blankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage

throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

MostanimalsseekshadewhentemperaturesintheSaharaDesertsoarto120degreesFahrenheit.Butfor

theSaharansilverants,26fromtheirundergroundnestsintothesun'sbrutalraysto27forfood,thisisthe

perfecttimetoseeklunch.In2015theseantswerejoinedinthedesertbyscientistsfromtwoBelgian

universities,whospentamonthinthe28heattrackingtheantsanddiggingouttheirnests.Thegoalwas

simple:todiscoverhowthe29adaptedtothekindofheatthatcan30meltthebottomofshoes.

BackinBelgium,thescientistslookedattheantsunderanelectronicmicroscopeandfoundthattheir31,

triangularhairreflectslightlikeaprism,givingthemametallicreflectionandprotectingthemfromthesun's

awfulheat.WhenPh.D.studentQuentinWillot32thehairfromanantwith33_knifeandputitunderaheat

lamp,itstemperaturejumped.

Theants*methodofstayingcoolis34amonganimals.Couldthisreflectivetypeofhairprotectpeople?

Willotsayscompaniesareinterestedin35theseantsmethodofheatprotectionforhumanuse,including

everythingfromhelpingtoprotectthelivesoffirefighterstokeepinghomescoolinsummer.

A)adaptingE)extremeI)remoteM)thick

B)consciouslyF)huntJ)removedN)tiny

C)crawlingG)literallyK)speciesO)unique

D)crowdedH)moderateL)specimens

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatement

containsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichthe

informationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarked

withaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Scienceofsetbacks:Howfailurecanimprovecareerprospects

2021年6月CET-4真題答案第二套1/8

[A]Howdoearlycareersetbacksaffectourlong-termsuccess?Failurescanhelpuslearnandovercome

ourfears.Butdisasterscanstillwoundus,screwusupandsetusback.Wouldn'titbeniceiftherewas

genuine,scientificallydocumentedtruthtotheexpression,"whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesyoustronger"?

[B]Onewaysocialscientistshaveprobedtheeffectsofcareersetbacksistolookatscientistsofvery

similarqualificationswho,forreasonsthataremostlyarbitrary,eitherjustmissedgettingaresearchgrantor

whojustbarelymadeit.Inthesocialsciences,thisisknownasexamining"nearmisses"and"narrowwins"in

areaswheremeritissubjective.Thatallowsresearcherstomeasureonlytheeffectsofbeingchosenornot.

Studiesinthisareahavefoundconflictingresults.Inthecompetitivegameofbiomedicalscience,researchon

scientistswhonarrowlylostorwongrantmoneysuggeststhatnarrowwinnersbecomeevenbiggerwinners

downtheline.Inotherwords,therichgetricher.

[C]A2018studypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,forexample,

followedresearchersintheNetherlandsandconcludedthatthosewhojustbarelyqualifiedforagrantwere

abletogettwiceasmuchmoneywithinthenexteightyearsasthosewhojustmissedout.Andthenarrow

winnerswere50percentmorelikelytobegivenaprofessorship.

[D]OthersintheUShavefoundsimilareffectswithNationalInstitutesofHealthearly-careerfellowships

catapultingnarrowwinnersfaraheadofcloselosers.ThephenomenonisoftenreferredtoastheMatthew

effect,inspiredbytheNewTestament'swisdomthattothosewhohave,morewillbegiven.There*sagood

explanationforthephenomenoninthebookTheFormula:TheUniversalLawsofSuccessbyAlbertLaszlo

Barabasi:itseasierandlessriskyforthoseinpositionsofpowertochoosetobestowawardsandfundingon

thosewho'vealreadybeensorecognized.

[E]Thisisbadnewsforthelosers:smallearlycareersetbacksseemtohaveadisproportionateeffect

downtheline.Whatdidn'tkillthemmadethemweaker.Butotherstudiesusingthesametechniquehave

shownthere'ssometimesnopenaltytoanearmiss:studentswhojustmissgettingintotophighschoolsor

universitiesdojustaswelllaterinlifeasthosewhosqueakin.Inthiscase,whatdidn'tkillthemsimplydidn't

matter.Soisthereanyevidencethatsetbacksmightactuallyimproveourcareerprospects?Thereisnow.

[F]InastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,NorthwesternUniversitysociologistDashunWang

trackedmorethan1100scientistswhowereontheborderbetweengettingagrantandmissingoutbetween

1990and2005.Hefollowedvariousmeasuresofperformanceoverthenextdecade,includinghowmany

paperstheyauthoredandhowinfluentialthosepaperswere,asmeasuredbythenumberofsubsequent

citations.Asexpected,therewasamuchhigherrateofattritionamongscientistswhodidn'tgetgrants.But

amongthosewhostayedon,thecloselosersperformedevenbetterthanthenarrowwinners.Tomakesure

thiswasn'tafluke,Wangsaidheconductedadditionaltestsusingdifferentperformancemeasures,suchas

howmanytimespeoplewerefirstauthorsoninfluentialstudies,andthelike.

[G]Onestraightforwardreasoncloselosersmightoutperformnarrowwinnersisthatthetwogroupshave

comparableability,buttheloserswereculledsothatonlythemostdetermined,passionatescientistsremained.

Wangsaidhetriedtocorrectforthisbycullingwhathedeemedtheweakestmembersofthewinnergroup,

buttheperseveringlosersstillcameoutontop.Hethinksthatbeingacloselosermightgivepeoplea

2021年6月CET-4真題答案第二套2/8

psychologicalboost,ortheproverbialkickinthepants.

[H]UtrechtUniversitysociologistArnoutvandeRijt,whowasleadauthoronthe2018papershowing

therichgetricher,saidthenewfindingisplausibleandworthsomeattention.Hisownworkshowedthat

althoughthenarrowwinnersdidgetmuchmoremoneyinthenearfuture,theactualperformanceoftheclose

loserswasjustasgood.

[I]HesaidthepeoplewhoshouldbepayingheedtotheWangpaperarethefundingagentswhodisburse

governmentgrantmoney.Afterall,bycontinuingtopilerichesonthenarrowwinners,thetaxpayersarenot

gettingthemaximumbangforourbuckifthecloselosersareperformingjustaswellorevenbetter.

There'sahugeamountoftimeandeffortthatgointotheprocessofselectingwhogetsgrants,hesaid,

andthelatestresearchshowsthatthescientificestablishmentisnotverygoodatallocatingmoney."Maybe

weshouldspendlessmoneytryingtofigureoutwhoisbetterthanwho,"hesaid,suggestingthatsomemore

equalpartitioningofmoneymightbemoreproductiveandmoreefficient.

VandeRijtsaidhe'snotconvincedthatlosingoutgivespeopleapsychologicalboost.Itmayyetbea

selectioneffect.EventhoughWangtriedtoaccountforthisbycullingtheweakestwinners,it'simpossibleto

knowwhichofthewinnerswouldhavequithadtheyfoundthemselvesonthelosingside.

[J]Forhispart,Wangsaidthatinhisownexperience,losingdidlightamotivatingfire.Herecalleda

recentpaperhesubmittedtoajournal,whichaccepteditonlytorequestextensiveediting,andthenreversed

courseandrejectedit.Hesubmittedtheuneditedversiontoamoreprestigiousjournalandgotaccepted.

[K]Insportsandmanyareasoflife,wethinkoffailuresasevidenceofsomethingwecouldhavedone

better-afatewecouldhaveavoidedwithmorecarefulpreparation,differenttraining,betterstrategy,ormore

focus.Andthereitmakessensethatfailuresshowustheroadtosuccess.

Thesepapersdealwithakindoffailurepeoplehavelittlecontrolover-rejection.Othersdeterminewho

winsandwholoses.Butattheveryleast,theresearchisstartingtoshowthatearlysetbacksdon*thavetobe

fatal.Theymightevenmakeusbetteratourjobs.Gettingpaidlikeawinner,though?That*sadifferent

matter.

36.Beingacloselosercouldgreatlymotivateonetopersevereintheirresearch.

37.Grantawarderstendtofavorresearchersalreadyrecognizedintheirrespectivefields.

38.Sufferingearlysetbacksmighthelppeopleimprovetheirjobperformance

39.Researchbysocialscientistsontheeffectsofcareersetbackshasproducedcontradictoryfindings.

40.Itisnottothebestinterestoftaxpayerstokeepgivingmoneytonarrowwinners.

41.Scientistswhopersistedinresearchwithoutreceivingagrantmadegreaterachievementsthanthose

whogotonewithluck,assuggestedinonestudy

42.Aresearchpaperrejectedbyonejournalmaygetacceptedbyanother.

43.Accordingtoonerecentstudy,narrowwinnersofresearchgrantshadbetterchancestobepromoted

toprofessors

44.Oneresearchersuggestsitmightbemorefruitfultodistributegrantsonarelativelyequalbasis.

45.Minorsetbacksintheirearlycareermayhaveastrongnegativeeffectonthecareerofcloselosers.

2021年6月CET-4真題答案第二套3/8

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecide

onthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Educatorsandbusinessleadershavemoreincommonthanitmayseem.Teacherswanttoprepare

studentsforasuccessfulfuture.Technologycompanieshaveaninterestindevelopingaworkforcewiththe

STEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)skillsneededtogrowthecompanyandadvancethe

industry.Howcantheyworktogethertoachievethesegoals?Playmaybetheanswer.

FocusingonSTEMskillsisimportant,buttherealityisthatSTEMskillsareenhancedandmorerelevant

whencombinedwithtraditional,hands-oncreativeactivities.Thiscombinationisprovingtobethebestway

topreparetoday'schildrentobethemakersandbuildersoftomorrow.Thatiswhytechnologycompaniesare

partneringwitheducatorstobringbackgood,old-fashionedplay.

Infactmanyexpertsarguethatthemostimportant21st-centuryskillsaren'trelatedtospecific

technologiesorsubjectmatter,buttocreativity;skillslikeimagination,problem-findingandproblem-solving,

teamwork,optimism,patienceandtheabilitytoexperimentandtakerisks.Theseareskillsacquiredwhen

kidstinker(鼓搗小玩意),High-techindustriessuchasNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratoryhavefoundthat

theirbestoverallproblemsolversweremastertinkerersintheiryouth.

Therearecognitive(認(rèn)知的)benefitsofdoingthingsthewaywedidaschildren-buildingsomething,

tearingitdown,thenbuildingitupagain.Researchshowsthatgiven15minutesoffreeplay,four-and

five-year-oldswillspendathirdofthistimeengagedinspatial,mathematical,andarchitecturalactivities.

Thistypeofplay-especiallywithbuildingblocks-helpschildrendiscoveranddevelopkeyprinciplesinmath

andgeometry.

Ifplayandbuildingarecriticalto21stcenturyskilldevelopment,that'sreallygoodnewsfortworeasons:

Childrenarebornbuilders,makers,andcreators,sofostering(培養(yǎng))21stcenturyskillsmaybeassimpleas

givingkidsroomtoplay,tinkerandtrythingsout,evenastheygrowolder;Secondly,itdoesn'ttake21st

centurytechnologytofoster21stcenturyskills.Thisisespeciallyimportantforunder-resourcedschoolsand

communities.Takingwhatevermaterialsarehandyandtinkeringwiththemisasimplewaytoengagethose

important“maker“skills.Andanyone,anywhere,candoit.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouteducators?

A)Theyseekadvicefromtechnologycompaniestoachieveteachinggoals.

B)Theyhavebeensuccessfulinpreparingtheworkforceforcompanies.

C)Theyhelpstudentsacquiretheskillsneededfortheirfuturesuccess.

D)Theypartnerwithtechnologycompaniestoenhanceteachingefficiency.

2021年6月CET-4真題答案第二套4/8

47.Howcaneducatorsbetterdevelopstudents9STEMskills,accordingtotheauthor?

A)Byblendingthemwithtraditional,stimulatingactivities.

B)Byinvitingbusinessleaderstohelpdesigncurriculums.

C)Byenhancingstudentsabilitytothinkinacriticalway.

D)Byshowingstudentsthebestwaytolearnisthroughplay.

48.Howdochildrenacquiretheskillsneededforthe21stcentury?

A)Byengaginginactivitiesinvolvingspecifictechnologies.

B)Byplayingwiththingstosolveproblemsontheirown.

C)Byfamiliarizingthemselveswithhigh-techgadgets.

D)Bymasteringbasicprinciplesthroughteamwork.

49.Whatcanwedotohelpchildrenlearnthebasicsofmathandgeometry?

A)Stimulatetheirinterestasearlyaspossible.

B)Spendmoretimeplayinggameswiththem.

C)Encouragethemtomakethingswithhands.

D)Allowthemtotinkerfreelywithcalculators.

50.Whatdoestheauthoradvisedisadvantagedschoolsandcommunitiestodo?

A.Trainstudentstobemakerstomeetfuturemarketdemands.

B.Developstudents*creativeskillswiththeresourcesavailable.

C.Engagestudentswithchallengingtaskstofostertheircreativity.

D.Worktogetherwithcompaniestoimprovetheirteachingfacilities.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

BeinganinformationtechnologyorITworkerisnotajobIenvy.Theyaretheoneswho,rightinthe

middleofacriticalmeeting,areexpectedtoinstantlyfixtheprojectorthat'snolongerworking.Theyhaveto

toleratethebadtempersofcolleaguesfrustratedatthenumberoftimesthey'vehadtocallthehelpdeskfor

thesameissue.Theyarealsotheoneswhoknowtherearesystemsthataremorepowerful,reliableandfaster,

buttheiremployersimplywillnotputupthefundstobuythem.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,employeeswhohaveajobreliantonITSupportConsiderITamajor

sourceofjobdissatisfaction.Throughnofaultoftheirown,theycansuddenlyfindtheirproductivity

deterioratingorqualitycontrolnon-existent.Andthere'slittletheycandoaboutit.

TheexperienceofusingITpenetratesalmosttheentireworkfield.Ithasbecomeacrucialpartof

employees'overallworkexperience.WhenITisoperatingasitshould,employeeself-confidenceswells.

Theirjobsatisfaction,too,cansurgewhenwell-functioningmachinesrelievethemofdulltasksorrepetitive

processes.Butifthere'sonethingthattriggerswidespreademployeefrustration,it'sanITtransformation

projectgonewrong,whereswollenexpectationshavebeenpoppedandalonglistofpromisedefficiencies

havebeenreversed.ThisoccurswhenbusinessleadersimplementITinitiativeswithlittleconsiderationof

2021年6月CET-4真題答案第二套5/8

howthosechangeswillimpacttheenduser.

WhichiswhymanagersshouldappreciatejusthowinfluentialtheITuserexperienceistotheir

employees,andexertsubstantialeffortinensuringtheirITteameliminatesprogrammingerrorsand

applicationcrashes.AdequateandtimelyITsupportshouldalsobeavailabletoenableuserstocopewith

technologicalissuesatwork.Moreimportantly,ITpractitionersneedtounderstandwhatemployees

experiencementallywhentheyuseIT.Therefore,businessesneedtosetuptheirITinfrastructuresothatitis

designedtofitinwiththeiremployees?Work,ratherthanadjusttheirworktofitinwiththecompany'sIT

limitations.

51.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutworkinginIT?

A.Itisenviedbymany.B.Itdoesnotappealtohim.

C.Itisfinanciallyrewarding.D.Itdoesnotmatchhisabilities.

52.WhatisthefindingofarecentsurveyonemployeeswhohaveajobreliantonITsupport?

A.IThelpsboostproductivity.B.IThelpsimprovequalitycontrol.

C.ManyemployeesaredeeplyfrustratedbyIT.D.MostemployeesrelyheavilyonITintheirwork.

53.WhatissaidtohappenwhenITisfunctioningproperly?

A.Thereisabigboostinemployees*workefficiency

B.Employeesbecomemoredependentonmachines.

C.Therearenolongeranyboringorrepetitivetasks.

D.Employeesbecomemoreconfidentintheirwork.

54.WhatshouldbusinessleadersdobeforeimplementingnewITinitiatives?

A.Considerthevariousexpectationsoftheircustomers.

B.Drawupalistoftheefficienciestobepromised.

C.Assesstheswollencostoftrainingtheemployees.

D.Thinkaboutthepossibleeffectsontheiremployees.

55.Howcanabusinesshelpimproveitsemployees*experienceinusingIT?

A.Bydesigningsystemsthatsuittheirneeds.

B.Byensuringthattheirmentalhealthissound.

C.ByadjustingtheirworktosuittheITsystem.

D.Byofferingthemregularin-servicetraining.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.You

shouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

龍井(Longing)是一種綠茶，主要產(chǎn)自中國東部沿海的浙江省。龍井茶獨特的香味和口感為其贏得

T“中國名茶”的稱號，在中國深受大眾的歡迎，在海外飲用的人也越來越多。龍井茶通常手工制作，

其價格可能極其昂貴,也可能比較便宜,這取決于的生長地、采摘時間和制作工藝。龍井茶富含生素C和

其它多種有益健康的元素。經(jīng)常喝龍井茶有助于減輕疲勞,延緩衰老。

2021年6月CET-4真題答案第二套6/8

2021年6月英語四級答案范文（第二套）

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Doviolentvideogamesleadtoviolence?

Theexplosivegrowthofvideogamesinrecenttwodecadeshasarousedgravesocialconcern.Oneofthe

mainreasonsisthatmanypeopleworryviolentvideogamescouldleadtoviolence.Thisistrue,especiallyfor

childplayers.[4]Foronething,atayoungage,childrenusuallydon'thavegoodjudgmentandareproneto

imitatetheviolentbehavioursingamesandregardthemasbeingcool.Foranother,manyvideogamesarefull

ofviolencetoboostplayers*excitement,thusenhancingtheirappeal.Agrowingnumberofresearchproves

thatviolentvideogamescontributetochildren'saggressivebehaviorsintheirreallife.

Consideringmanyteenagersarespendingahugeamountoftimeandmoneyonvideogames,weneedto

bealerttothepossibleharmofviolentgamesthatcouldbedonetochildren.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

26-30:CFEKG31-35:MJNOA36-40:GDKBA41-45:FJCHE

46-50:BDACD51-55:CBACD

PartIVTranslation翻譯(漢譯英)

Longjingisakindofgreentea,primarilyyieldedinZhejiangProvinceontheeastcoastofChina.

Longjinghaswonthetitleof"China'sFamousTea"foritsuniquefragr