一輪復習精品資料(高中)PAGE1-限時提分練(十四)必修③Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.閱讀理解A〖2021·湖北省高三模擬〗StepintoMovingtoMars,anexhibitionofMarsmissionandcolonydesignatLondon'sDesignMuseum,andimmediatelyyouhavegoodreasonsnottomovethere.FrighteningtextsonthewallsannouncethatMarswasn'tmadeforyou;thatthereisnolifeandpreciouslittlewater;that,dressedinaspacesuit,youwillnevertouch,tasteorsmelltheplanetyounowcall“home”.AsLisaGrossmanwroteforNewScientistacoupleofyearsago,“What'sdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie.”Itisanoddbeginningforsuchacelebratoryexhibition,butitprovidesavaluable,darkbackgroundagainstwhichtherestoftheshowcansparkle(閃耀)—ashowthatis,asitschiefmanagerJustinMcGuirkremarks,“notaboutMars;thisisanexhibitionaboutpeople”．Movingalong,thereisaquickyetclearflashthroughwhatthesciencefictionwriterKimStanleyRobinsoncalls“thehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind”.ABabylonianclaytabletandaGreekvasespeakofearlyideasabouttheplanet.AposterfortheoriginalTotalRecallfilmremindsusofMars'spsychologicalthreat.ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet.Therearerealspacesuitsandmodelsof3D-printedMartiansettlementsandsuitableclothingandfurniture.Missionarchitectureandengineeringsketcheslinethewalls.RealhammersmeantfortheInternationalSpaceStationarewall-mounted(固定在墻上的)besidealow-gravitytablethathasyettoleaveandmayindeedneverleaveEarth.This,ofcourse,isthegreatstrengthofapproachingsciencethroughdesign:realityandassumptionscanbegivenequalvisualweight,drawingusintoaninformedconversationaboutwhatitisthatweactuallywantfromafutureonMars.1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．HowtomovetoMars.B．HowtosurviveonMars.C．WhatpreparationswemadeforMars.D．WhattheexhibitionofMarstrulytellsus.2．WhatcanwelearnfromLisaGrossman?A．It'simpracticaltoliveonMars.B．It'snogoodsettlingonMars.C．YouhavenothingtodowhenlivingonMars.D．YoucanliveonMarsinaspacesuit.3．Whatdoestheexhibitionfocuson?A．ThecurrentplansforMars.B．TheadvantagesoflivingonMars.C．TheearlyideasaboutMars.D．ThehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Astory.B．Anopinion.C．Afantasy.D．Asolution.B〖2021·銀川市高三質量檢測〗ChinaScienceDailyannouncedThursdaythatithasusedsoftwaretoautomaticallygeneratenewsstoriesaboutthelatestdiscoveriesfromtheworld'sleadingsciencejournals.Therobotsciencereporter,called“Xiaoke”，wasco-createdbythenewspaperandresearchersfromPekingUniversityinabouthalfayear.ItisthelatestcaseofChinesenewsorganizationsusingcomputertechnologytocreatethecontent.Accordingtoitsinventors,Xiaokehasgeneratedover200storiesbasedontheEnglishabstractofpaperspublishedinjournalssuchasScience,Nature,CellandTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Beforepublication,theautomaticallygeneratedarticleswillgothroughareviewprocess.Agroupofscientistsandthenewspaper'seditorswillcheckthecontentorgivesupplementary(補充的)information.ZhangMingwei,headoftheprogramandviceeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaper,saidinventorswouldmakeXiaokea“cross-linguistic(跨語言的)academicsecretary”tohelpChinesescientistsovercomelanguagebarriersandhaveeasyandquickaccesstothelatestscientificadvancesinEnglish-languagepublications.LeadresearcherWanXiaojun,ofPekingUniversityinchargeofthesystem'sdesignandtechnology,stressedthatthecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation.AccordingtoWan,Xiaokeisgoodatselectingcomplexwordsandsentences,whichcanhelpturnarticlesfullofconfusingtechnicaltermsintoeasyandreadablenewsreports.Thereadersoftherobotreporterarenotlimitedtoprofessionalsandtheyalsoincludethegeneralpublic,theinventorssaid.Sciencereportingisimportantinspreadinginformationaboutdiscoveriesandinpopularizingknowledgetopeople.5．Whatcanwelearnabout“Xiaoke”？A．Itisaprofessionaltranslator.B．IthasthemostadvancedAI.C．Itcanmakeupfictionstories.D．Itgeneratessciencenewsreports.6．WhatdopeopleneedtodotoimproveXiaoke'swork?A．Upgradetheartificialintelligence.B．Selectcomplexwordsandsentences.C．Checkthecontentandaddinformation.D．Helpitgetthelatestscientificadvances.7．Howdoestheinventorsfeelabout“Xiaoke”？A．Optimistic. B．Skeptical.C．Disappointed. D．Puzzled.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Therobotreporterofsciencenews.B．Thereadersofthesciencereports.C．Theeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaper.D．Thelatestcaseofnewsorganizations.Ⅱ.七選五〖2021·日照市高三二?！絆neofthemostcommondistractionswemeetisthatwehavetoomanyoptionsonhand.Forexample,athomeyoucanchoosetofeedyourdog,readabook,watchTV,haveasnackortakeanap.Whentherearetoomanypotentiallyattractiveoptions,it'shardtofocusyourenergyonanimportanttask.__1__Thefirststepthatyoucantakeistoidentifywhattaskneedsthemostfocustogetaccomplished.Onceyouhavethatfiguredout,simplybreakdownthetaskintosmallerbite-sizedtasks.__2__Thefirstbite-sizedtaskthatyoucanaccomplishistooutlinethegrantproposal(撥款提議)andsplititintodifferentsections.Thiswillensurethatyoucovereverythingthatisneeded,andallowsyoutofocusoneachsectiononeatatime.__3__Besidesfocusingonyourgrantproposal,whatareallthepossiblethingsthatyoucouldbedoingthatwoulddivert(使分心)yourattentionaway?Berealisticaboutwhattheyare!Writethemalldown,andlistthebenefitsandthecostsassociated.Onceyouhaveyourlistcompleted,startprioritizingthem.Youhaveatimelimit,soyouneedtoorderyourtasksbypriority,startingwiththefocustaskasyourtoppriority.__4__Foranyremainingtaskonthelistthatwon'tfitwithinyourallocatedtime,don'tworry.__5__Justschedulethemforanothertime.A．Thenfittheothersaroundit.B．Youdon'thavetogivethemup.C．Finallyyoucangeteverythingcompleted.D．Thenextstepwouldbetoevaluateyourotheroptions.E．Thegoodnewsisthatit'snotsodifficulttoovercomethis.F．Butverysuccessfulpeoplesaynotoalmosteverythingunimportant.G．Let'ssayyouhaveagrantproposaltowriteforanupcomingprojectatwork.Ⅲ.短文改錯〖2021·福建省高三質量檢查測試〗Workingonafarmwasquiteaexperience!Ourteachertoldusthathowacityfarminourneighbourhoodwaslookingforyoungpeopletohelpingwiththeanimals.Cityfarmswereagreatwayforpeopletogetamazedexperiencesofcountrylife.Wecanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandplantandeventakepartworkingonthefarm.SoIspoketotheownerofthefarm,butafewdayslaterIwaslookingafterthehorsesonthefarm.Iwasproudofmyselfwhenhehelpedayoungboytorideahorseforthefirsttime.Itrealmeantalottohim—andtome!限時提分練(十四)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學與技術——“移居火星”展覽〖語篇解讀〗文章介紹了一個名為“移居火星”的展覽的相關內容，此展覽主要展示了有關火星任務及移民設計方面的情況。1．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D考查主旨大意。文章第一段是文章的總述部分，第二至第五段詳細介紹了展覽的相關內容，并結合尾段作者的觀點可知，本文主要是關于“移居火星”展覽真正告訴我們的信息。故選D。2．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“‘What'sdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie’”可知，在火星上人類除了努力地活著之外，在那里什么也做不了。由此可推知，在火星上生活是不切實際的。故選A。3．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查細節(jié)理解。根據第五段第一句“ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet”可知，這個展覽的主要部分是我們目前關于這顆紅色星球的計劃。故選A。4．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B考查推理判斷。通讀第六段可知，該段表述作者對這個展覽的看法。故選B。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學與技術——機器人科學記者〖語篇解讀〗《中國科學報》周四宣布，由報社和北京大學的研究人員共同研發(fā)的機器人科學記者“小科”已使用軟件自動生成了科學類新聞報道。5．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“ithasusedsoftwaretoautomaticallygeneratenewsstories...leadingsciencejournals”可知，小科運用軟件自動生成有關世界一流科學期刊最新發(fā)現的新聞報道，D選項“它生成科學類新聞報道”與之相符。本題易誤選A項。根據第一段中的“Therobotsciencereporter”和第四段中的“thecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation”可知，小科是機器人科學記者，且它的作用不只限于翻譯，故排除A項。B項和C項文中均未提及，故排除。6．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段的內容可知，在發(fā)布之前，自動生成的文章將經過審閱過程，一組科學家和報社編輯將檢查它的內容或給出補充信息，C選項“檢查內容并增加信息”與之相吻合。7．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A根據第四段中的“LeadresearcherWanXiaojun...thecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation”和第五段中的“Thereadersoftherobotreporterarenotlimitedtoprofessionalsandtheyalsoincludethegeneralpublic”可知，機器人記者可以做的遠不止翻譯，它的讀者并不局限于專業(yè)人士，它的讀者也包括公眾，由此可推知，這款機器人有良好的發(fā)展前景，它的發(fā)明者對它持積極樂觀的態(tài)度。8．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查主旨大意。本文介紹了一款能運用軟件自動生成科學類新聞報道的機器人科學記者，所以A選項“科學新聞的機器人記者”正確。Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自我——生活技能——選擇過多時如何合理安排〖語篇解讀〗本文主要介紹了選擇過多時應如何合理安排——首先，確定哪些任務最需要你集中注意力完成；其次，評估其他選項。如果還有未完成任務，可以另找時間完成。1．〖答案〗與〖解析〗E考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v到了當生活中有太多潛在的誘人的選擇時，人們很難把精力集中在一項重要的任務上，而下文中則講到了如何合理安排，因此空處應該形成轉折，告訴讀者大可不必擔心，故E項符合語境。2．〖答案〗與〖解析〗G考查上下文銜接。結合中心句可知，本段主要講到了確定哪個任務需要你集中最多的注意力完成，下文則講到了第一步先概述撥款提議，因此此處是舉例，空處應是表述與撥款提議有關的內容，所以G項符合語境。3．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D考查段落主旨句。本段主要講了給其他可能轉移你注意力的事情劃分優(yōu)先順序再組織安排，所以D項適合作本段的主旨句。此外，D項中的“Thenextstep”與上一段開頭“Thefirststep”相呼應。4．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C考查總結句。空前幾句講到了確定分散注意力的事情、明確它們的輕重緩急再組織安排，因此空處講到的應該是這樣做的結果，即這樣做的話所有任務都可以完成，故C項符合語境。5．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v到了對于在分配的時間內不適合的任何剩余任務，不要擔心，空后一句則講到了為這些任務安排另外的時間，所以空處講到的應該是不必放棄這些任務，故B項符合語境。Ⅲ.短文改錯〖答案〗Workingonafarmwasquiteeq\o(a,\s\do14(①an))experience!Ourteachertoldusthateq\o(how,\s\do14(②))acityfarminourneighbourhoodwaslookingforyoungpeopletoeq\o(helping,\s\do14(③help))withtheanimals.Cityfarmseq\o(were,\s\do14(④are))agreatwayforpeopletogeteq\o(amazed,\s\do14(⑤amazing))experiencesofcountrylife.Wecanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandeq\o(plant,\s\do14(⑥plants))andeventakeparteq\o(∧,\s\do14(⑦in))workingonthefarm.SoIspoketotheownerofthefarm,eq\o(but,\s\do14(⑧and))afewdayslaterIwaslookingafterthehorsesonthefarm.Iwasproudofmyselfwheneq\o(he,\s\do14(⑨I))helpedayoungboytorideahorseforthefirsttime.Iteq\o(real,\s\do14(⑩really))meantalottohim—andtome!限時提分練(十四)必修③Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.閱讀理解A〖2021·湖北省高三模擬〗StepintoMovingtoMars,anexhibitionofMarsmissionandcolonydesignatLondon'sDesignMuseum,andimmediatelyyouhavegoodreasonsnottomovethere.FrighteningtextsonthewallsannouncethatMarswasn'tmadeforyou;thatthereisnolifeandpreciouslittlewater;that,dressedinaspacesuit,youwillnevertouch,tasteorsmelltheplanetyounowcall“home”.AsLisaGrossmanwroteforNewScientistacoupleofyearsago,“What'sdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie.”Itisanoddbeginningforsuchacelebratoryexhibition,butitprovidesavaluable,darkbackgroundagainstwhichtherestoftheshowcansparkle(閃耀)—ashowthatis,asitschiefmanagerJustinMcGuirkremarks,“notaboutMars;thisisanexhibitionaboutpeople”．Movingalong,thereisaquickyetclearflashthroughwhatthesciencefictionwriterKimStanleyRobinsoncalls“thehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind”.ABabylonianclaytabletandaGreekvasespeakofearlyideasabouttheplanet.AposterfortheoriginalTotalRecallfilmremindsusofMars'spsychologicalthreat.ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet.Therearerealspacesuitsandmodelsof3D-printedMartiansettlementsandsuitableclothingandfurniture.Missionarchitectureandengineeringsketcheslinethewalls.RealhammersmeantfortheInternationalSpaceStationarewall-mounted(固定在墻上的)besidealow-gravitytablethathasyettoleaveandmayindeedneverleaveEarth.This,ofcourse,isthegreatstrengthofapproachingsciencethroughdesign:realityandassumptionscanbegivenequalvisualweight,drawingusintoaninformedconversationaboutwhatitisthatweactuallywantfromafutureonMars.1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．HowtomovetoMars.B．HowtosurviveonMars.C．WhatpreparationswemadeforMars.D．WhattheexhibitionofMarstrulytellsus.2．WhatcanwelearnfromLisaGrossman?A．It'simpracticaltoliveonMars.B．It'snogoodsettlingonMars.C．YouhavenothingtodowhenlivingonMars.D．YoucanliveonMarsinaspacesuit.3．Whatdoestheexhibitionfocuson?A．ThecurrentplansforMars.B．TheadvantagesoflivingonMars.C．TheearlyideasaboutMars.D．ThehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Astory.B．Anopinion.C．Afantasy.D．Asolution.B〖2021·銀川市高三質量檢測〗ChinaScienceDailyannouncedThursdaythatithasusedsoftwaretoautomaticallygeneratenewsstoriesaboutthelatestdiscoveriesfromtheworld'sleadingsciencejournals.Therobotsciencereporter,called“Xiaoke”，wasco-createdbythenewspaperandresearchersfromPekingUniversityinabouthalfayear.ItisthelatestcaseofChinesenewsorganizationsusingcomputertechnologytocreatethecontent.Accordingtoitsinventors,Xiaokehasgeneratedover200storiesbasedontheEnglishabstractofpaperspublishedinjournalssuchasScience,Nature,CellandTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Beforepublication,theautomaticallygeneratedarticleswillgothroughareviewprocess.Agroupofscientistsandthenewspaper'seditorswillcheckthecontentorgivesupplementary(補充的)information.ZhangMingwei,headoftheprogramandviceeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaper,saidinventorswouldmakeXiaokea“cross-linguistic(跨語言的)academicsecretary”tohelpChinesescientistsovercomelanguagebarriersandhaveeasyandquickaccesstothelatestscientificadvancesinEnglish-languagepublications.LeadresearcherWanXiaojun,ofPekingUniversityinchargeofthesystem'sdesignandtechnology,stressedthatthecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation.AccordingtoWan,Xiaokeisgoodatselectingcomplexwordsandsentences,whichcanhelpturnarticlesfullofconfusingtechnicaltermsintoeasyandreadablenewsreports.Thereadersoftherobotreporterarenotlimitedtoprofessionalsandtheyalsoincludethegeneralpublic,theinventorssaid.Sciencereportingisimportantinspreadinginformationaboutdiscoveriesandinpopularizingknowledgetopeople.5．Whatcanwelearnabout“Xiaoke”？A．Itisaprofessionaltranslator.B．IthasthemostadvancedAI.C．Itcanmakeupfictionstories.D．Itgeneratessciencenewsreports.6．WhatdopeopleneedtodotoimproveXiaoke'swork?A．Upgradetheartificialintelligence.B．Selectcomplexwordsandsentences.C．Checkthecontentandaddinformation.D．Helpitgetthelatestscientificadvances.7．Howdoestheinventorsfeelabout“Xiaoke”？A．Optimistic. B．Skeptical.C．Disappointed. D．Puzzled.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Therobotreporterofsciencenews.B．Thereadersofthesciencereports.C．Theeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaper.D．Thelatestcaseofnewsorganizations.Ⅱ.七選五〖2021·日照市高三二模〗Oneofthemostcommondistractionswemeetisthatwehavetoomanyoptionsonhand.Forexample,athomeyoucanchoosetofeedyourdog,readabook,watchTV,haveasnackortakeanap.Whentherearetoomanypotentiallyattractiveoptions,it'shardtofocusyourenergyonanimportanttask.__1__Thefirststepthatyoucantakeistoidentifywhattaskneedsthemostfocustogetaccomplished.Onceyouhavethatfiguredout,simplybreakdownthetaskintosmallerbite-sizedtasks.__2__Thefirstbite-sizedtaskthatyoucanaccomplishistooutlinethegrantproposal(撥款提議)andsplititintodifferentsections.Thiswillensurethatyoucovereverythingthatisneeded,andallowsyoutofocusoneachsectiononeatatime.__3__Besidesfocusingonyourgrantproposal,whatareallthepossiblethingsthatyoucouldbedoingthatwoulddivert(使分心)yourattentionaway?Berealisticaboutwhattheyare!Writethemalldown,andlistthebenefitsandthecostsassociated.Onceyouhaveyourlistcompleted,startprioritizingthem.Youhaveatimelimit,soyouneedtoorderyourtasksbypriority,startingwiththefocustaskasyourtoppriority.__4__Foranyremainingtaskonthelistthatwon'tfitwithinyourallocatedtime,don'tworry.__5__Justschedulethemforanothertime.A．Thenfittheothersaroundit.B．Youdon'thavetogivethemup.C．Finallyyoucangeteverythingcompleted.D．Thenextstepwouldbetoevaluateyourotheroptions.E．Thegoodnewsisthatit'snotsodifficulttoovercomethis.F．Butverysuccessfulpeoplesaynotoalmosteverythingunimportant.G．Let'ssayyouhaveagrantproposaltowriteforanupcomingprojectatwork.Ⅲ.短文改錯〖2021·福建省高三質量檢查測試〗Workingonafarmwasquiteaexperience!Ourteachertoldusthathowacityfarminourneighbourhoodwaslookingforyoungpeopletohelpingwiththeanimals.Cityfarmswereagreatwayforpeopletogetamazedexperiencesofcountrylife.Wecanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandplantandeventakepartworkingonthefarm.SoIspoketotheownerofthefarm,butafewdayslaterIwaslookingafterthehorsesonthefarm.Iwasproudofmyselfwhenhehelpedayoungboytorideahorseforthefirsttime.Itrealmeantalottohim—andtome!限時提分練(十四)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學與技術——“移居火星”展覽〖語篇解讀〗文章介紹了一個名為“移居火星”的展覽的相關內容，此展覽主要展示了有關火星任務及移民設計方面的情況。1．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D考查主旨大意。文章第一段是文章的總述部分，第二至第五段詳細介紹了展覽的相關內容，并結合尾段作者的觀點可知，本文主要是關于“移居火星”展覽真正告訴我們的信息。故選D。2．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“‘What'sdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie’”可知，在火星上人類除了努力地活著之外，在那里什么也做不了。由此可推知，在火星上生活是不切實際的。故選A。3．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查細節(jié)理解。根據第五段第一句“ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet”可知，這個展覽的主要部分是我們目前關于這顆紅色星球的計劃。故選A。4．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B考查推理判斷。通讀第六段可知，該段表述作者對這個展覽的看法。故選B。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學與技術——機器人科學記者〖語篇解讀〗《中國科學報》周四宣布，由報社和北京大學的研究人員共同研發(fā)的機器人科學記者“小科”已使用軟件自動生成了科學類新聞報道。5．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“ithasusedsoftwaretoautomaticallygeneratenewsstories...leadingsciencejournals”可知，小科運用軟件自動生成有關世界一流科學期刊最新發(fā)現的新聞報道，D選項“它生成科學類新聞報道”與之相符。本題易誤選A項。根據第一段中的“Therobotsciencereporter”和第四段中的“thecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation”可知，小科是機器人科學記者，且它的作用不只限于翻譯，故排除A項。B項和C項文中均未提及，故排除。6．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C