話題十五人類生存、社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系

第一部分話題詞匯積累

單詞&短語

1n.日曬，曬黑；曬傷

2.v./n.掙扎，奮斗，努力

3.n.十年，十年期

4.n.冗員，額外人員；［口］特級品，特大號商品；超級市場adj.特級的，極好的,

非凡的

5.n.饑餓，渴望v.使饑餓；渴望

6.n.產(chǎn)量，輸出；輸出量

7.adj.引起煩惱的，令人不安的vt.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，張開，使發(fā)，詳談；引申

9.v.循環(huán)，流通；傳遞；傳播；流傳

10.n.戰(zhàn)役，戰(zhàn)斗v.搏斗，奮斗

11.adv.因此，所以

12.vt.擺脫，除去；扔掉；丟棄；消除；趕走

13.n.自由，自主

14.v.配備，裝備；使有所準(zhǔn)備，使有能力

15.v.輸出，出口；傳播n輸出（品）

16.n.國籍；（構(gòu)成國家一部分的泯族

17.n.工作，職業(yè)，占領(lǐng)；消遣；使用；居住

18.v.使迷惑，使為難；混淆；搞錯

19.n.發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺，一discovery.發(fā)現(xiàn)

20.v.集中，聚焦，n.焦點，中心點

21.protectrareanimalsandplants___________________________

22.popularizeenvironmentalprotectionknowledge

23.enhancetheawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmental

protection_________________________

24.improvetheeco-environment___________________________

25.developsolarenergy_____________________________

26.providehabitatsforahugenumberofwildanimalsand

plants_____________________________

27.supplywaterandfoodforhumanbeings

28.paygreatattentiontotheconservationofforest

29.resultinaseriesofproblems___________________________

30.helpslowdownthepaceofglobalwarming

完形高頻短語

1.aboveall_____

2.afterall______

3.apartfrom

4.asaresultof

5.asfor

6.asif

7.as/solongas_

8.asto________

9.asusual_____

lO.aswell_____

1l.aswellas_____

12.atleast

13.atmost

14.attimes____

15.beforelong_

16.byall/nomeans

17.bychance___

18.calmdown__

19.dueto______

2O.evenso_____

21.evenif7though_

22.exceptfor

23.eversince___

24.farfrom

25.forlackof

26.getridof

27.inaddition____

28.inaddition(to)_

29.inahurry_____

3O.incase(of)____

3l.indetail______

32.inexchangefor

33.infavourof

34.infact

35.inneedof

36.inotherwords.

37.inreturn

38.inshort_____________________________

39.inspiteof_________________________

4O.intheend_____________________________

41.insteadof__________________________

42.instore(forsb.)____________________________

43.intermsof____________________________

44.intime____________________________

45.inturn_____________________________

46.invain___________________________

47.nowandthen___________________________

48.nowthat___________________________

49.onbehalfof_____________________________

50.onpurpose____________________________

5l.onthecontrary_____________________________

52.onthewhole_____________________________

53.onceagain_____________________________

54.onceinawhile_____________________________

55.oncemore_____________________________

56.otherthan_____________________________

57.outofplace____________________________

58.outofsight_____________________________

59.ratherthan_____________________________

60.sofar_____________________________

詞匯拓展

1.ratherthan用作連詞，連接兩個平行結(jié)構(gòu)。既可以表示主觀愿望上的抉擇，“與其……寧

可……”，也可以表示客觀程度上的差異，”與其說是……不如說是……

Iyou,shoulddothework.該做這工作的是我，而不是你。

IthinkI'llhaveacolddrink___________coffee.我想喝冷飲，而不是咖啡。

Youaredoingthisforyourselfforyourfriend.

你不是為你朋友，而是為你自己做這種事。

Ialwayspreferstartingearly,leavingeverythingtothelastminute.

我一直都是盡早開始做事，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。

Sheinsistedonhavingtheroompaperedpainted.

她堅持要用紙裱糊房間，而不是把房間粉刷一下。

Idecidedtowritetelephone.我決定寫信而不是打電話。

Iprefertoworkremainidle.我寧愿工作也不愿閑著。

Hetoldaliegethisfriendintotrouble.他寧愿說謊也不愿連累朋友。

Itwaswhathehadeatenwhathehaddrunkthatmadehimill.

使他得病的不是他喝的東西，而是他吃的東西。

2.aswellas用于本義，可視為as...as結(jié)構(gòu)與well的自然搭配，其意為“與...一樣好

用于引申義，表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“還”。

aswellas常用來連接兩個并列的成分，作“也，還”解。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前一項，后一項只是順便

提

及。因此連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與前一項一致；而用notonly...butalso…連接時，謂語

動詞與后一項一致。

Hesings,ifnotbetterthan,Mary.要是他唱歌不比瑪麗唱得更好，但至少也是一樣

好。

Hegrowsflowersvegetables他既種菜也種花。

learningtoswimhehasbeentakingSpanishlessonsthissummer.

今年夏天，他除了學(xué)習(xí)游泳外，還在上西班牙語課。

HespeaksSpanishEnglishandFrench.他不僅會說英語和法語，還會說西班牙語。

TomhisparentsisgoingtoLondon.湯姆和他的父母要去倫敦。

【聯(lián)想】aswell常用作狀語，作“又；也”解，相當(dāng)于to?；騛lso,常位于句末，無須用逗號

與句子分開。

如：Chinaisasocialistcountry,andadevelopingcountryaswell.

中國是一個社會主義國家，也是一個發(fā)展中國家。

Inotonlyplaytheguitar,!singaswell(=Ialsosing).我不但彈吉他，而且還演唱。

活學(xué)活用

一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個單詞或用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.It'syou,ratherthanhe,that(be)toblamefortheaccident.

2.Sofartheteacheraswellasthestudents(see)thefilm.

3.Shestaredoutofthewindow,(lose)inadaydream.

4.Hegavemesometomatoesinexchangealiftintotown.

5.Although(face)aterriblesituation,weshouldn'tlosecontrolordrinktoomuch.

二、翻譯句子

1.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定會達(dá)到預(yù)定的目的。(aslongas)

2.學(xué)生應(yīng)學(xué)會如何充分利用時間發(fā)展各項技能。(makeuseof)

3.銀行經(jīng)理問他的助手能否在一周制定出投資計劃。(workout)

4.我要到倫敦去，我妹妹也要去。(aswell)

第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練

(A)閱讀理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorth

America-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,

theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlight

wouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundthe

world'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroysters,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytook

offaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9

billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoa

recyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth*slastsink.

In2015,JennaJambeck,anengineeringprofessoroftheUniversityofGeorgia,caughteveryone*s

attentionwitharoughestimate：between5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyear

justcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.

Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someare

harmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmed

invisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplastics,thebits

smallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

“Thisisn*taproblemthatwedon*tknowwhatthesolutionis,“saysTedSiegler,aVermont

resourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationson

garbage/4Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.We

knowhowtorecycle.It*samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystemsideallybefore

theoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”

1.WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinParagraph1?

A.Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.

B.Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.

C.TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.

D.Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.

2.What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?

A.Lackingprotection.

B.Beingstuckbyplastics.

C.Beingcaughtbyhumans.

D.Treatingplasticsasfood.

3.WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?

A.Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutiontoplasticwaste.

B.Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.

C.It*stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.

D.Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.

4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.

B.Atravelbrochure.

C.Anenvironmentalreport.

D.Alifestylemagazine.

(B)語法填空

ThewildfiresinAustraliabecameconsiderablyworseinJanuary,2020.Thedisasterfacedby

1.countryisfarfromover.Manyofthefires2.(send)smokehighintothe