備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語(yǔ)模擬卷（北京專(zhuān)用）黃金卷02（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。（2022秋·北京豐臺(tái)·高三統(tǒng)考期中）TheleadroleTravarisalwayslovedsingingandhelandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical.Hecouldbarelywaittotellhisparentsthe1.Butwhenhemadehisannouncementoverdinner,theylookedateachotherandfrowned(皺眉頭).“YousaidtheperformanceisintheweekofNovember13?”hisdadasked.Travaris’sheart2.Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.Thenextdayatschool,Travaris3totellMs.Phelps,thetheaterdirector,thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe4.Butalldayhewasfloodedwith5fromhisclassmatesforgettingtheleadrole.Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor6intheplay.Travariswasstillstayingafterschooltopracticehispart,readinghislines,singingthesongs,andevenlearningthedancenumbers.Butastheweekswentby,Travarisstartedtofeel7.Heknewthatthelongerhe8droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew.Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.Ms.Phelpsthankedhimfortakingthewhole9intoaccount.“Butdon’tforgettoaudition(試鏡)againnextyear,andthechanceisboundupwith10.”sheaddedwithasmile.1．A．lie B．story C．news D．truth2．A．wandered B．raced C．failed D．sank3．A．planned B．pretended C．managed D．forgot4．A．lesson B．performance C．practice D．holiday5．A．complaints B．concerns C．contributions D．congratulations6．A．nothing B．a(chǎn)nything C．something D．everything7．A．courageous B．disappointed C．guilty D．curious8．A．putoff B．gaveup C．dependedon D．setabout9．A．experience B．situation C．conversation D．a(chǎn)rgument10．A．belief B．confidence C．independence D．responsibility【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．B5．D6．A7．C8．A9．B10．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Travaris在學(xué)校音樂(lè)劇中被選中擔(dān)任主角，非常高興，但是演出時(shí)間正趕上姐姐那天結(jié)婚，他不得不辭去主角的任務(wù)，由于虛榮心，他不想把不能參加演出的事情說(shuō)出去，后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)幾周的心理斗爭(zhēng)，他感到愧疚，終于告訴戲劇導(dǎo)演他不能參加這次音樂(lè)劇的故事。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他迫不及待地想把這個(gè)消息告訴父母。A.lie謊話；B.story故事；C.news消息；D.truth事實(shí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和前文“helandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical”可知，Travaris在學(xué)校音樂(lè)劇中擔(dān)任主角，他想把這個(gè)消息告訴父母。故選C項(xiàng)。2．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Travaris的心一沉。A.wandered漫游；B.raced賽跑；C.failed失??；D.sank下沉。根據(jù)后文“Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.”可知，因?yàn)檎迷谘莩瞿侵芩憬阋谙耐慕Y(jié)婚，時(shí)間沖突了，所以Travaris的心一沉。故選D項(xiàng)。3．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天在學(xué)校，Travaris打算告訴戲劇導(dǎo)演老師Phelps女士，她應(yīng)該把他的角色給別人，因?yàn)檠莩銎陂g他不會(huì)在城里。A.planned計(jì)劃，打算；B.pretended假裝；C.managed管理；D.forgot忘記。根據(jù)后文“thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe4”及“Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor6intheplay.”可知，Travaris打算把這事告訴導(dǎo)演老師，但由于虛榮心，又不愿意說(shuō)。故選A項(xiàng)。4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.lesson課；B.performance表演，演出；C.practice練習(xí)；D.holiday假期。根據(jù)前文分析并結(jié)合后文“sheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelse”可知，演出和姐姐結(jié)婚時(shí)間沖突了，所以演出期間Travaris不在城里，要去參加姐姐婚禮。故選B項(xiàng)。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但一整天，他都被同學(xué)們鋪天蓋地的祝賀聲淹沒(méi)了，因?yàn)樗玫搅酥鹘恰.complaints抱怨；B.concerns關(guān)心；C.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；D.congratulations祝賀。根據(jù)后文“forgettingtheleadrole”可知，因?yàn)門(mén)ravaris得到了主角，同學(xué)們都祝賀他。故選D項(xiàng)。6．考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：他不忍心告訴他們這出戲?qū)λ咽呛翢o(wú)意義了。A.nothing什么都沒(méi)有；B.anything任何事；C.something某事；D.everything每件事。根據(jù)前文“becausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe4”可知，因?yàn)檠莩銎陂gTravaris不會(huì)在城里，所以這出戲?qū)λ咽呛翢o(wú)意義了。故選A項(xiàng)。7．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但幾周過(guò)去了，Travaris開(kāi)始感到內(nèi)疚。A.courageous有勇氣的；B.disappointed失望的；C.guilt內(nèi)疚的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)前文分析并結(jié)合前文“becausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe4”可知，演出期間Travaris不在城里，他無(wú)法參加演出，但沒(méi)有告訴導(dǎo)演，所以他感到內(nèi)疚。故選C項(xiàng)。8．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他知道，他拖得越久，就越會(huì)傷害其他演員和工作人員。A.putoff推遲，拖；B.gaveup放棄；C.dependedon依靠；D.setabout著手，開(kāi)始。根據(jù)常識(shí)和后文“droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew”可知，如果Travaris不把實(shí)情告訴導(dǎo)演，拖得越久，就會(huì)更加傷害其他演員和工作人員。故選A項(xiàng)。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Phelps女士感謝他考慮到了全局。A.experience經(jīng)歷；B.situation情況；C.conversation對(duì)話；D.argument爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)前文“TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.”可知，Travaris告訴導(dǎo)演，他不能出演這部音樂(lè)劇，導(dǎo)演感謝他考慮到了整個(gè)演出安排情況。故選B項(xiàng)。10．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但別忘了明年再來(lái)試鏡，機(jī)會(huì)與信念息息相關(guān)。A.belief信念；B.confidence自信；C.independence獨(dú)立；D.responsibility責(zé)任。根據(jù)前文“Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.”可知，Travaris誠(chéng)實(shí)地告訴導(dǎo)演實(shí)情，以便導(dǎo)演更好的安排演出，而導(dǎo)演贊揚(yáng)他顧全大局的誠(chéng)實(shí)品質(zhì)，答應(yīng)明年再給他機(jī)會(huì)，并且說(shuō)，“機(jī)會(huì)和他誠(chéng)實(shí)的信念是相關(guān)的”。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Cashisking,orsotheysay.Inoneformoranother,humanbeingshavebeencarryingaroundmoneyforhundredsofyears.Metalwasfirstcoinedintocashbetween700and600BCbytheLydians,andbanknoteshavebeenincirculationsince11(they)firstuseinChinaaround1000AD．Thesedays,though,habits12(change).Moderntechnologymeans13whilemoneyisstillwidelyused,it’smorelikelytobeadigitaltransactionthanawadofnotesandahandfulofshrapnel.Ifcashisking,thenitmayeventuallybedethroned.【答案】11．their12．havechanged13．that【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了貨幣的演變。11．考查代詞。句意：公元前700年至600年間，呂底亞人首次將金屬鑄造成現(xiàn)金，而中國(guó)在公元1000年左右首次使用金屬鈔票，此后就開(kāi)始流通。提示詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞use，用形容詞性物主代詞their，意為“它們的”。故填their。12．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：然而，如今，習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改變了。分析句子可知，change(改變)是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)habits之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Thesedays，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，又因主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填havechanged。13．考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：現(xiàn)代科技意味著，雖然貨幣仍然被廣泛使用，但它更有可能是一種數(shù)字交易，而不是一疊鈔票和一把彈片。分析句子可知，“whilemoneyisstillwidelyused,it’smorelikelytobeadigitaltransactionthanawadofnotesandahandfulofshrapnel.”是動(dòng)詞means后賓語(yǔ)從句，從句句意完整，不缺成分，應(yīng)用連接詞that引導(dǎo)該從句。故填that。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheAfricanpenguinisexpectedtogoextinctinthewildinjustoveradecade,givenitscurrentpopulationdecline.Themainreasonisalackoffoodcausedbydisturbancetooceanconditionsfromglobalheatingand14(compete)fromthecommercialfishingindustry.Accordingtoastudy,recentlyscientists15(identify)apossibleadditionalcause,onethatisanentirelynewthreatandthatfurther16(prevent)thepenguinsfromfindingfood:noisepollutionfrommarineshipsinabay.【答案】14．competition15．haveidentified16．prevents【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了非洲企鵝數(shù)量的下降的原因。14．考查名詞。句意：主要原因是全球變暖對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的干擾和商業(yè)捕魚(yú)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)造成了食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示詞與名詞disturbance是并列關(guān)系，作介詞賓語(yǔ)，用名詞competition，意為“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。故填competition。15．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，最近科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)可能的額外原因，這是一個(gè)全新的威脅，進(jìn)一步阻止企鵝尋找食物：海灣中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，identify(發(fā)現(xiàn))是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)scientists之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，句中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，又因主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填haveidentified。16．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，最近科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)可能的額外原因，這是一個(gè)全新的威脅，進(jìn)一步阻止企鵝尋找食物：海灣中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，prevent(阻止)是定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與關(guān)系代詞that(即先行詞one)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，陳述客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，又因主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)代詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，單數(shù)形式。故填prevents。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D17(print)artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby2025tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevice,whichisonlyafewsquaremillimetresinsize,18(use)inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthebody.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid(心臟類(lèi)器官),19willworkwiththeartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate20(investigate)intoheartdiseasesandtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.【答案】17．printed18．uses19．which20．investigations【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了五家比利時(shí)公司計(jì)劃將一顆3D打印的人造心臟送入太空。17．考查名詞。句意：五家比利時(shí)公司計(jì)劃在2025年前向國(guó)際空間站發(fā)射一顆3D打印的人造心臟，以更好地了解太空中衰老和心臟病的影響。print和空后的artificialheart之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，作定語(yǔ)。故填printed。18．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該設(shè)備只有幾平方毫米大小，使用的墨水由干細(xì)胞和生物材料組成，可以發(fā)育成體內(nèi)的任何細(xì)胞。根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)和句意可知，這里陳述的是現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。且主語(yǔ)Thedevice為單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)。故填uses。19．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這些細(xì)胞將自己組織成一個(gè)發(fā)育中的心臟類(lèi)器官，它將與人工循環(huán)系統(tǒng)協(xié)同工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞adevelopingcardiacorganoid，指物，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。20．考查名詞。句意：這項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新技術(shù)將有助于對(duì)心臟病的調(diào)查和一些潛在藥物的試驗(yàn)?？仗帒?yīng)用名詞，和and后的trials一起作賓語(yǔ)。investigation意為“調(diào)查”，在這里為可數(shù)名詞，且空前沒(méi)有表示數(shù)量的限定詞修飾，這里應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填investigations。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(沖刺).4-WeekLearningSprintThe4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants?Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.?Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.?Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21．Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill________.A．createchangeintheircommunity B．a(chǎn)ttendavirtuallearningprogrammeC．meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds D．promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject22．IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto________.A．completeareflectiontaskeachweek B．watchsportsontheIOCchannelC．workonasport-basedproject D．coachandadvisetheirpeers23．Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A．Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood. B．Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.C．Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning. D．Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.【答案】21．B22．C23．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)成為國(guó)際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖的項(xiàng)目以及要求。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.(為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺是一個(gè)虛擬學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，將于2023年11月進(jìn)行。這些會(huì)議可以現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀看，也可以在IOC頻道播出后觀看)”可知，在為期四周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺中，參與者將參加虛擬學(xué)習(xí)課程。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.(在成功完成為期4周的沖刺學(xué)習(xí)后，您需要提交一份以體育為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，如果您被選為國(guó)際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖，您將參與其中)”可知，如果被選為國(guó)際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖，需要做一個(gè)以運(yùn)動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目。故選C。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RequirementsfortheApplicants部分中“Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.(你至少有一年的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，對(duì)申請(qǐng)人的要求是至少一年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B。BHaveyoueverseenakidinclasswhowouldn’tvolunteertoreadoransweraquestion?Iwasthattypeofstudent.Talkinginclasswasastruggleformebecausethefearofsayingthewrongthingwasalwaysonmymind.Therewereconstantannouncementsaboutstudentsinourclasswinningwritingawards.Itwasadreamforme.Ihavealwaysfeltunsureofmyselfwhenwriting.SemicolonsconfusedmeandIusedtoomanycommas.Ihadnoideahowtociteanything.Duringmyfreshmanyear,theteacherwouldpickthebestessayinourclasstobereadoutloud,butminewasneverchosen.Ifounditreallyhardtowriteanessay.OneteacherMr.Wilson,whotaughtmethenextsemester,changedeverything.Hewasinhisfiftiesandhadareputationforhavingaparticularteachingstyle.Heconnectedwritingandreadingtofootball,butsomehowitmadesense.Whatreallymadehimspecialtomewasthateveryclasshewouldpicksomeonetoreadtheirwritingoutloudtotheclass.Inoneofhislessons,hesaid:“IwillnotalwayspicktheessaythatIthinkhasthebestgrammaroruseofvocabulary.IwillpicktheonethatIthinkhasthemostcharacter.”Thispartwasconfusingtomebecausehowcanwritinghavecharacter?Hewentontoexplain:“IwanttoreadsomethingthatIcantellthewriterfeelalotwhilewritingit.Iwanttofeeltheemotionsyouweregoingthroughasyouwroteit.”Afewweekslater,forthefirsttime,myessaywaschosentobereadtomyclassmates.Ican’tevenrememberwhatitwasabout,butIrememberhownervousIwastoseehisreaction,mixedwithprideatthefactthathefeltlikemyworkwasworthsharing.Hegavemehiscommentsattheendofit,butIwastoonervoustorememberthem.Afterclass,hetoldmehewasexcitedtoreadmoreofmywork.Hemademefeelspecialinthewayheledtheclass,andIgotovermyfearofsharingmyworkinclass.Hemademebelieveinmywritingabilitiesandgavemetheconfidencetocontinuewriting.24．Talkinginclassusedtobedifficultfortheauthorbecause__________.A．hehadneverwonanyawardsforspeaking B．hedidn’tknowhowtoanswerquestionsC．hehadnoideahowtociteanything D．hewasafraidofmakingmistakes25．Accordingtotheauthor,whatmadeMr.Wilsondifferentfromotherteachers?A．Hisstyleofteaching. B．Hisloveforstudents.C．Hisinterestinwriting. D．Hispassionforfootball.26．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat__________.A．Mr.WilsonpreferredessayswithgooduseofvocabularyB．theauthorrememberedMr.Wilson’scommentsverywellC．Mr.Wilsonthoughttheauthor’spassagewasfullofemotionsD．theauthorbelievedthathisessaywasworthsharingintheclass27．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMr.Wilson?A．Kindandambitious. B．Honestandconfident.C．Creativeandinspiring. D．Reliableandgenerous.【答案】24．D25．A26．C27．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了威爾遜先生特別的教學(xué)方式對(duì)作者的積極影響，他讓作者覺(jué)得自己很特別，也克服了在課堂上分享的恐懼。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Talkinginclasswasastruggleformebecausethefearofsayingthewrongthingwasalwaysonmymind.(在課堂上講話對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)，因?yàn)槲铱偸菗?dān)心說(shuō)錯(cuò)話)”可知，在課堂上說(shuō)話對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)曾經(jīng)是困難的，因?yàn)樗ε路稿e(cuò)。故選D。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Hewasinhisfiftiesandhadareputationforhavingaparticularteachingstyle.Heconnectedwritingandreadingtofootball,butsomehowitmadesense.(他五十多歲，以其獨(dú)特的教學(xué)風(fēng)格而聞名。他把寫(xiě)作和閱讀與足球聯(lián)系在一起，但不知何故，這是有道理的)”和最后一段“Hemademefeelspecialinthewayheledtheclass,andIgotovermyfearofsharingmyworkinclass.(他帶領(lǐng)課堂的方式讓我感到特別，我克服了在課堂上分享作業(yè)的恐懼)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，威爾遜先生與其他老師的不同之處是他的教學(xué)風(fēng)格。故選A。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“IwanttoreadsomethingthatIcantellthewriterfeelalotwhilewritingit.Iwanttofeeltheemotionsyouweregoingthroughasyouwroteit.(我想讀一些我能告訴作者在寫(xiě)作時(shí)感受很多的東西。我想感受你寫(xiě)這文章時(shí)的感情)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Afewweekslater,forthefirsttime,myessaywaschosentobereadtomyclassmates.(幾個(gè)星期后，我的文章第一次被選上讀給同學(xué)們聽(tīng))”可知，威爾遜先生認(rèn)為作者的文章充滿了感情。故選C。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hewasinhisfiftiesandhadareputationforhavingaparticularteachingstyle.Heconnectedwritingandreadingtofootball,butsomehowitmadesense.(他五十多歲，以其獨(dú)特的教學(xué)風(fēng)格而聞名。他把寫(xiě)作和閱讀與足球聯(lián)系在一起，但不知何故，這是有道理的)”以及最后一段“Hemademefeelspecialinthewayheledtheclass,andIgotovermyfearofsharingmyworkinclass.Hemademebelieveinmywritingabilitiesandgavemetheconfidencetocontinuewriting.(他帶領(lǐng)班級(jí)的方式讓我覺(jué)得自己很特別，我也克服了在課堂上分享我的工作的恐懼。他讓我相信自己的寫(xiě)作能力，給了我繼續(xù)寫(xiě)作的信心)”可推知，威爾遜先生有創(chuàng)造力和鼓舞人心的人。故選C。CDemandingdaysseemdesignedtotestourself-control.Weallneedtorelyonwillpowertoavoidshort-termtemptationsandoverrideunwantedthoughtsorimpulses(沖動(dòng)).Theprevailingpsychologicaltheoryproposedthatwillpowerresembledakindofbattery.Witheachexerciseofself-control,youexhaustedthisresource.Withoutachancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainself-control.Thisprocesswasknownas“egodepletion”.In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof“egodepletion”theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople’sunderlyingbeliefs.Inthestudy,Jobdividedparticipantsintotwocategories:thosewitha“l(fā)imited”viewofwillpowerandthosewitha“non-limited”viewofwillpower,basedonapriorquestionnaire.Shethengavetheparticipantssomestandardlaboratorytestsexaminingmentalfocus,whichwasconsideredtodependonthereservesofwillpower.Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewithalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthenon-limitedindividualsdidnot,whichindicatedthatpeople’sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeself-fulfillingprophecies(預(yù)言).Thosewhobelievedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirself-controldecrease,whilethosewhobelievedin“mentalstamina(耐力)”experiencednoegodepletion.Subsequentdebatesaboutthereliabilityofthelaboratorytestsofegodepletionemerged,butJob’sworkdemonstratedthatmindsetsignificantlyimpactedreal-lifeoutcomes.Herfollow-upstudyrevealedthataftercompletingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnon-limitedmindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.Ifyoualreadyhaveanon-limitedmindsetaboutwillpower,thesefindingsmightbeacauseforself-satisfaction.Forthosewithlimitedmindsets,hopeisnotlost.Learningaboutthissciencecanhelpshiftbeliefs.Sharingthisknowledgewithotherscanfurtherconsolidatethisshift.Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople’sbeliefstowardnon-limitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentalstamina.Toprovideyourselfwithfurtherevidence,youcanconductsmallself-controltests.Asyourealizeyourwillpower’sgrowth,you’llfindresistingtemptationsanddistractionseasier.Whileimmediatemiraclesaren’tguaranteed,perseverancewillleadtoachangedmindsetandincreasedself-control,propellingactionstowardpersonalgoals.28．“Egodepletion”theoryshowsthatwillpower________.A．helpscontrolourimpulses B．reducesafterexercisingself-controlC．isatestofyourcharacter D．islikeachargeablebattery29．WhatcanwelearnfromJob’stwostudies?A．Extrapressureboostsmentalfocus.B．Demandingtasksreducementalfocus.C．Reservesofwillpowerdependonmentalfocus.D．Thechangeofmentalfocusreliesonone’smindset.30．Whichofthefollowingcanbuildnon-limitedmindsets?A．Picturingyouridealuniversity.B．DoinghomeworkinfrontofaTV.C．Sharingscienceknowledgewithfriends.D．Recallingmasteringachallengingpianopiece.【答案】28．B29．A30．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了“自我損耗”這一理論受到質(zhì)疑，并介紹了一些建立意志力不受限制的心態(tài)的方法。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Witheachexerciseofself-control,youexhaustedthisresource.Withoutachancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainself-control.Thisprocesswasknownas“egodepletion”.(每一次自我控制的練習(xí)，你都使這些資源筋疲力盡。在沒(méi)有恢復(fù)的機(jī)會(huì)的情況下，這種資源就會(huì)耗盡，更難保持自制力。這個(gè)過(guò)程被稱(chēng)為“自我耗竭”)”可知，“自我耗竭”理論表明意志力會(huì)在進(jìn)行自我控制后減少。故選B。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Herfollow-upstudyrevealedthataftercompletingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnon-limitedmindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.(她的后續(xù)研究表明，在完成高要求的任務(wù)后，大多數(shù)參與者在一夜之間都恢復(fù)了一定程度，但那些心態(tài)不受限制的參與者第二天的生產(chǎn)力實(shí)際上有所提高，似乎受到了額外壓力的激勵(lì))”可知，額外的壓力可能會(huì)使人們得到激勵(lì)，增強(qiáng)精神專(zhuān)注，提高生產(chǎn)力。故選A。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople’sbeliefstowardnon-limitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentalstamina.(此外，回憶起從事費(fèi)力但愉快的任務(wù)的時(shí)光，會(huì)自然地將人們的信念轉(zhuǎn)向非限制的心態(tài)，因?yàn)樗麄兛吹搅俗约壕衲土Φ淖C明)”可知，回憶起從事費(fèi)力但愉快的任務(wù)的時(shí)光可以幫助建立不受限制的心態(tài)，推斷回憶起掌握了一首富有挑戰(zhàn)性的鋼琴曲是有幫助的。故選D。DFacedwithanattemptbyanewchatbottoimitate(模仿)hisownsongs,themusicianNickCavedeliveredastrongresponse:itwas“anabsolutelyhorribleattempt”.HeunderstoodthatAIwasinitsbabyhood,butcouldonlyconcludethatthetruehorrormightbethat“itwillforeverbeinitsbabyhood”.Whilearobotmightonedaybeabletocreateasong,hewrote,itwouldnevergrowbeyond“akindofburlesque(滑稽的模仿)”,becauserobots-beingcomposedofdata-areunabletosuffer,whilesongsariseoutofsuffering.FansofCaveandhisbandwillagreethathismusicisinimitable,butthatdoesn’tmeantheywouldnecessarilybeabletotellthedifference.AfewdaysbeforeCave’sremarks,expertswereaskedtodistinguishbetweenfourgenuineartworksandtheirAIimitations.Theirconclusionswerewrongfivetimesoutof12,andtheywereonlyunitedlyrightinoneofthefourpicturecomparisons.Thesearepartygames,buttheypointtoanunfoldingchallengethatmustbemanagedasamatterofurgencybecause,likeitornot,AIartisuponus.Thearrivalofthehuman-impersonatingChatGPTmighthaveincreasedgeneralawareness,butartistsacrossawiderangeofdisciplinesarealreadyexploringitspotential,withthedancerWayneMcGregorandLondon’sYoungVicTheatreamongthosewhohavecreatedAI-basedworks.Astrongly-wordedreportfromCommunicationsandDigitalCommittee(CDC)issuedawake-upcalltothegovernment,urgingittoraiseitsgameineducatingfuturegenerationsoftech-savvyprofessionals,andtacklingkeyregulatorychallenges.Theseincludedreviewingreformstointellectualpropertylaw,strengtheningtherightsofperformersandartists,andtakingactiontosupportthecreativesectorinadaptingtothedisturbancescausedbyswiftandstormytechnologicalchange.WhiledevelopingAIisimportant,itshouldnotbepursuedatallcosts,theCDCstressed.ItdeploredthefailureoftheDepartmentforDigital,Culture,andMediatoofferadefenceagainstproposedchangestointellectualpropertylawthatwouldgivecopyrightexemption(版權(quán)豁免)toanywork,anywhereintheworld,involvingAItextanddatamining.ThechallengesofAIarebothphilosophical,asCavesuggested,andpractical.Theywillunfoldovertheshortandlongterm.State-of-the-artcreativeindustrieshaveakeyroletoplayinshapingandexploringthephilosophicalones,buttheymusthavethepracticalhelptheyrequiretosurviveandbesuccessful.Theyneeditnow.31．WhydoestheauthormentionthefourpicturecomparisonsinParagraph2?A．TostressthesimilaritiesbetweenAIartandhumanart.B．ToarguethathumanartwillbereplacedbyAIart.C．ToproveAIisstretchingtheboundariesofart.D．ToimplyAIartcannotbeunderestimated.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplored”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Clearlyanalyzed. B．Bravelysuffered.C．Stronglycriticized. D．Accuratelyperceived.33．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．SomeartistsseeAIasatooleventhoughitisathreat.B．CreativeindustriesareresponsibleforcausingtheAIproblem.C．TechprofessionalsneedmoretrainingtobetterunderstandAIart.D．ThequalityofAIartdismissesconcernsaboutintellectualproperty.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheCreativeThief:AIMakesPerfectArtB．AIinArt:ABattleThatMustBeFoughtC．ThreatorOpportunity:TheImpactofAIonArtD．TheRiseofAIArt:WhatItMeanstoHumanArtists【答案】31．D32．C33．A34．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述一些藝術(shù)家對(duì)人工智能藝術(shù)的看法，并指出人工智能藝術(shù)一定會(huì)面臨挑戰(zhàn)。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AfewdaysbeforeCave’sremarks,expertswereaskedtodistinguishbetweenfourgenuineartworksandtheirAIimitations.Theirconclusionswerewrongfivetimesoutof12,andtheywereonlyunitedlyrightinoneofthefourpicturecomparisons.(在凱夫發(fā)表講話前幾天，專(zhuān)家們被要求區(qū)分四件真正的藝術(shù)品和它們的人工智能仿制品。他們的結(jié)論在12次中有5次是錯(cuò)誤的，而且他們只在四張圖片的對(duì)比中有一張是完全正確的。)”可推斷提到了四幅圖片的比較是說(shuō)明人工智能藝術(shù)不可低估，故選D。32．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“WhiledevelopingAIisimportant,itshouldnotbepursuedatallcosts,theCDCstressed.(CDC強(qiáng)調(diào)，雖然開(kāi)發(fā)人工智能很重要，但不應(yīng)不惜一切代價(jià)追求它。)”和畫(huà)線單詞所在句子“ItdeploredthefailureoftheDepartmentforDigital,Culture,andMediatoofferadefence(它deplored數(shù)字、文化和媒體部門(mén)未能提供辯護(hù))”可知，開(kāi)發(fā)人工智能很重要，但不應(yīng)不惜一切代價(jià)追求它，這說(shuō)明CDC對(duì)數(shù)字、文化和媒體部門(mén)未能提供辯護(hù)表示批評(píng)，故猜測(cè)deplored意思是批評(píng)，故選C。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“HeunderstoodthatAIwasinitsbabyhood,butcouldonlyconcludethatthetruehorrormightbethat“itwillforeverbeinitsbabyhood”.Whilearobotmightonedaybeabletocreateasong,hewrote,itwouldnevergrowbeyond“akindofburlesque(滑稽的模仿)”,becauserobots-beingcomposedofdata-areunabletosuffer,whilesongsariseoutofsuffering.(他明白人工智能還處于嬰兒期，但他只能得出這樣的結(jié)論：真正的恐怖可能是“它將永遠(yuǎn)處于嬰兒期”。他寫(xiě)道，也許有一天機(jī)器人能夠創(chuàng)作一首歌，但它永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)超越“一種滑稽模仿”，因?yàn)闄C(jī)器人是由數(shù)據(jù)組成的，它們無(wú)法忍受痛苦，而歌曲是從痛苦中產(chǎn)生的。)”可推斷有些藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為盡管人工智能是一種威脅，但它更是一種工具。故選A。34．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其最后一段“ThechallengesofAIarebothphilosophical,asCavesuggested,andpractical.Theywillunfoldovertheshortandlongterm.State-of-the-artcreativeindustrieshaveakeyroletoplayinshapingandexploringthephilosophicalones,buttheymusthavethepracticalhelptheyrequiretosurviveandbesuccessful.Theyneeditnow.(正如凱夫所言，人工智能面臨的挑戰(zhàn)既有哲學(xué)層面的，也有實(shí)踐層面的。它們將在短期和長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)展開(kāi)。最先進(jìn)的創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)在塑造和探索哲學(xué)產(chǎn)業(yè)方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用，但它們必須得到生存和成功所需的實(shí)際幫助。他們現(xiàn)在就需要。)”可知本文講述的就是人工智能藝術(shù)必定要面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)，B選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)中的AI：一場(chǎng)必須進(jìn)行的戰(zhàn)斗”符合文章主旨，適合做標(biāo)題，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Theterm“growthmindset”hasbecomesomethingofabuzzwordinourlife.Youcanfinditeverywhereyoulook—intheseminarsofmotivationalspeakers,intheeducationcoursedescriptions,andinthemissionstatementsofcompanies.35Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutgrowthmindsetisthatitisthesamethingasbeingopen-mindedinyourbeliefs.Thisisuntrue.Beingopen-mindedinyourbeliefsisoftenthebeliefonwhattruegrowthmindsetis,butthisisactuallycalled“falsegrowthmindset”intheresearchcommunity.36Whatthismeansisthattheyhaveafixedbeliefontheirintelligencelevel,whichisexactlywhatafixedmindsetis.Theybelievethattheyaregrowing,wheninrealitytheyarenot.Beingopen-mindedtootherpeople’sbeliefsandnewthingsisgreat,butitdoesnotmeanthatyouareactuallylearninganything.Furthermore,thereisnowaytoeverhaveatrulycompletegrowthmindset.37Itisimportantthatyouacceptthisandembraceit,whilestilldesiringtoexperiencegrowthanyway.Thisistheonlywayyoucantrulyfosterasm’ofagrowthmindsetashumanlypossible.38Unproductiveeffortsthataremerelydonefortherewardoroutcomearenotconsideredtobegrowthmindset.Truegrowthmindsethasnothingtodowithrewardoroutcome.Rather,itisbasedentirelyonthelearningand