第十講商務(wù)英語翻譯ExercisesBusiness-to-consumersalesrepresentthetraditionaltypeofe-commercemarketplaceinwhichanonlinecompanyprovidesaproducttoanendcustomer.TheproductmaybedeliveredovertheInternet(suchasanelectronicgreetingcard)orshippedfromadistributioncentertothecustomer.PackagedeliverycompaniessuchasUPSandFedEXhaveplayedanimportantroleinthiskindofe-commerce.Business-to-consumersalesrepresentthetraditionaltypeofe-commercemarketplaceinwhichanonlinecompanyprovidesaproducttoanendcustomer.TheproductmaybedeliveredovertheInternet(suchasanelectronicgreetingcard)orshippedfromadistributioncentertothecustomer.PackagedeliverycompaniessuchasUPSandFedEXhaveplayedanimportantroleinthiskindofe-commerce.企業(yè)對消費者式銷售代表了傳統(tǒng)的電子商務(wù)市場模式。在這一市場模式中，在線公司提供產(chǎn)品給終端用戶。產(chǎn)品可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送（如電子賀卡），或從分銷中心運送給顧客。像UPS快遞和聯(lián)邦快遞公司等在這種電子商務(wù)模式中扮演了重要角色。Inreality,itmightactuallybemoreriskytopaybycreditcardatyourlocalmallthanonline.Manybrick-and-mortarretailersaresimplynotwellprotectedagainsttoday’shackers.Identitythievescansquatoutsideofphysicalstoresandstealpersonalcreditcarddataoffofunencryptedwirelesstransactions.Hacker:黑客Unencrypted:未加密的Inreality,itmightactuallybemoreriskytopaybycreditcardatyourlocalmallthanonline.Manybrick-and-mortarretailersaresimplynotwellprotectedagainsttoday’shackers.Identitythievescansquatoutsideofphysicalstoresandstealpersonalcreditcarddataoffofunencryptedwirelesstransactions.現(xiàn)實世界里，在本地商場使用信用卡支付比在線支付更有風(fēng)險。許多實體店里的零售商對如今的黑客沒有很好地預(yù)防措施。身份竊賊可能就蹲在實體商店外邊準(zhǔn)備偷竊沒有加密的無線交易個人信用卡數(shù)據(jù)。金融與證券Financeandsecurities金融（banking/finance）是貨幣流通和信用活動以及與之聯(lián)系的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的總稱。證券（securities）是多種經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益憑證的統(tǒng)稱。與歐美相比，我國金融業(yè)與證券業(yè)還不夠成熟。隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)日益融入世界，金融與證券投資領(lǐng)域迫切需要相關(guān)人才。就實際情況而言，目前最需要的是通曉金融證券知識，諳熟金融證券規(guī)則與條例，并能從事商務(wù)英語翻譯的復(fù)合型人才，以便在金融證券投資多元化、國際化的背景下，提高金融證券投資技巧，加強(qiáng)風(fēng)險控制與管理。教學(xué)目標(biāo)：掌握相關(guān)術(shù)語和機(jī)構(gòu)名稱，能初步使用相關(guān)知識進(jìn)行簡單的英譯漢工作。本章同樣將出現(xiàn)大量需要記憶的金融證券相關(guān)術(shù)語基本詞匯證券：security(通常為復(fù)數(shù)securities)債券：bond國債：treasurybond金融機(jī)構(gòu)：financialinstitution股票交易所：stockexchanges信托投資公司：trustandinvestmentcompanies國際收支：balanceofpayments復(fù)式記賬法：double-entrybookkeeping赤字：deficit盈余：surplus金融資產(chǎn)：financialassets條款：provision抵押：mortgage利息與本金：interestandprincipal籌集資金：raisefunds普通股股票：commonstocks股息/紅利：dividend流動性：liquidity外匯：foreignexchange電匯：telegraphictransfers支票：chequeChina’sbondmarket中國的債券市場China’sbondmarketiscomposedbytheinter-bankbondmarketandtheexchange-tradedbondmarket.Themajorbondsaretreasurybondsandfinancialbonds(bondissuedbytheImportandExportBankofChina,ChinaDevelopmentBankandotherpolicybanks),withasmallnumberofcorporatebondsandconvertiblebonds.Thetransactionmodelsincludespottradingandrepurchasetrading.Financialbond:金融債Corporatebond：企業(yè)債Convertiblebond：可轉(zhuǎn)換公司債Repurchasetrading:回購交易China’sbondmarketiscomposedbytheinter-bankbondmarketandtheexchange-tradedbondmarket.Themajorbondsaretreasurybondsandfinancialbonds(bondissuedbytheImportandExportBankofChina,ChinaDevelopmentBankandotherpolicybanks),withasmallnumberofcorporatebondsandconvertiblebonds.Thetransactionmodelsincludespottradingandrepurchasetrading.中國的債券市場主要由銀行間債券市場和交易所債券市場組成。債券品種主要是國債和金融債（指中國進(jìn)出口銀行、國家開發(fā)銀行等政策性銀行發(fā)行的債券），還有少量企業(yè)債和可轉(zhuǎn)換公司債。交易方式包括現(xiàn)貨交易和回購交易。馬上練：Theinter-bankbondmarketisthekeyplatformforblocktradingofbonds（大宗債券交易）betweenfinancialinstitutions（金融機(jī)構(gòu)）.ThePeople’sBankofChinadoesnottradeintheexchange-tradebondmarket.Thecommercialbanksarenotallowedtoaccessthismarketyet.Themajorproductsintheexchange-tradebondmarketincludetreasurybonds,corporatebondsandasmallnumberofconvertiblebonds.Theinter-bankbondmarketisthekeyplatformforblocktradingofbonds（大宗債券交易）betweenfinancialinstitutions（金融機(jī)構(gòu)）.銀行間債券市場是金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間大宗債券交易的主要場所。ThePeople’sBankofChinadoesnottradeintheexchange-tradebondmarket.Thecommercialbanksarenotallowedtoaccessthismarketyet.中國人民銀行不參與交易所債券市場交易。商業(yè)銀行目前尚未獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入該市場。Themajorproductsintheexchange-tradebondmarketincludetreasurybonds,corporatebondsandasmallnumberofconvertiblebonds.交易所債券市場交易品種主要是國債和企業(yè)債，還有少量可轉(zhuǎn)換公司債。國際收支balanceofpaymentsThebalanceofpaymentsisameasurementofalltransactionsbetweendomesticandforeignresidentsoveraspecificperiodoftime.Theuseofwords“alltransactions”canbemisleading,sincesometransactionsmaybeestimated.Therecordingoftransactionsisdonebydouble-entrybookkeeping.Thatis,eachtransactionisrecordedasbothacreditanddebit.Thus,totalcreditsanddebitswillbeidenticalforacountry’sbalanceofpaymentsinaggregate（總計）.Measurement：測量，衡量Credit：借方Debit：貸方Thebalanceofpaymentsisameasurementofalltransactionsbetweendomesticandforeignresidentsoveraspecificperiodoftime.Theuseofwords“alltransactions”canbemisleading,sincesometransactionsmaybeestimated.Therecordingoftransactionsisdonebydouble-entrybookkeeping.Thatis,eachtransactionisrecordedasbothacreditanddebit.Thus,totalcreditsanddebitswillbeidenticalforacountry’sbalanceofpaymentsinaggregate（總計）.國際收支是測量一定時期內(nèi)所有國內(nèi)與國外居民之間的交易狀況。使用“所有交易”可能會產(chǎn)生誤導(dǎo)，因為有些交易可能是估計出來的。交易的記錄采用復(fù)式記賬法。就是說，每筆交易都必須分別計入貸方和借方。這樣，貸方和借方總額等于一個國家的國際收支總額。

馬上練Abalance-of-paymentscanbebrokendowninto（分成）variouscomponents.Thosereceivemostattentionarethecurrentaccount（經(jīng)常項目）andthecapitalaccount（資本項目）.Transactionsthatreflectinflowsoffunds（資金流入）createapositivenumber正數(shù)(credit)tothecountry’sbalance,whiletransactionsthatreflectoutflowsoffundscreateanegativenumber(debit)tothecountry’sbalance.Abalance-of-paymentscanbebrokendowninto（分成）variouscomponents.Thosereceivemostattentionarethecurrentaccount（經(jīng)常項目）andthecapitalaccount（資本項目）.國際收支平衡可以分成不同項目。其中最引人矚目的是經(jīng)常項目和資本項目。Transactionsthatreflectinflowsoffunds（資金流入）createapositivenumber正數(shù)(credit)tothecountry’sbalance,whiletransactionsthatreflectoutflowsoffundscreateanegativenumber(debit)tothecountry’sbalance.反映資金流入的交易在一國的國際收支平衡里為正數(shù)（貸方），反映資金流出的交易在一國的國際收支平衡里為負(fù)數(shù)（借方）。金融市場的作用functionsoffinancialmarketsApartfromborrowingfrombanks,afirmoranindividualcanobtainfundsinafinancialmarketintwoways.Themostcommonmethodistoissueadebtinstrument,suchasabondoramortgage.Thesecondmethodofraisingfundsisbyissuingequities,suchascommonstocks.Debtinstrument:債務(wù)工具Issuingequities:發(fā)行股票Apartfromborrowingfrombanks,afirmoranindividualcanobtainfundsinafinancialmarketintwoways.Themostcommonmethodistoissueadebtinstrument,suchasabondoramortgage.Thesecondmethodofraisingfundsisbyissuingequities,such