高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省南陽市六校2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期6月期末聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AKidsNewsJuniorJournalistCompetitionThesearchisonforthenextgenerationofnewsbreakerswiththeKidsNewsJuniorJournalistCompetition.Thefreecompetitionisopentochildreningrades3-9,withfourgroupsforbothprimaryandsecondarystudents:Newsstory—printNewsstory—videoSportsstory—printSportsstory—videoThegrandprizewinnerwillscoreaguestappearanceonChannel10’sStudio10program,hostedbyNareldaJacobs,atelevisionjournalistformorethan20years.AswellastheStudio10grandprize,therearefour$750giftcardsforprimarystudentsandfour$1,000giftcardsforsecondarystudents.KidscansendwrittenandvideoentriestotheJuniorJournalistCompetitionfromFebruary6toOctober27.HOWTOENTERWriteastoryorcreateavideostoryaboutsomethingthathashappenedorisabouttohappeninyourschoolorneighborhood.Yourstoryshouldbereal.CheckouttheJuniorJournalistvideosforcreatingtipsandsuggestions.DownloadtheAgreementFormbelowandgetyourparentstofillitin.DownloadtheEntryFormbelowandgetyourteachertofillitin.Emailyourwrittenorvideostory,alongwiththecompletedagreementandentryforms,tojuniorjournalist@.aubefore5pmonOctober27.VideoentriesshouldbesentasaMP4file.ClickHEREforthefullTermsandConditions.1.Whatprizewillasecondarystudentwinnerget?A.$750incash. B.A$1,000giftcard.C.Ajournalistjob. D.Thechancetohostaprogram.2.Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthecompetition?A.Anentryfeeisneeded. B.Theentriesmustbeprinted.C.ThedeadlineisNovember27. D.Parents’agreementisnecessary.3.Whichlinkcanstudentsclickonforallrulesofthecompetition?A.HERE. B.EntryForm.C.AgreementForm. D.juniorjournalist@.au.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一項新聞與兒童新聞初級記者的比賽情況，包括獎品和參賽作品要求。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“AswellastheStudio10grandprize,therearefour$750giftcardsforprimarystudentsandfour$1,000giftcardsforsecondarystudents.(除了Studio10的大獎外，還有四張750元的小學(xué)生禮品卡和四張1000元的中學(xué)生禮品卡)”可知，中學(xué)生優(yōu)勝者將獲得一張價值1000美元的禮品卡。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“DownloadtheAgreementFormbelowandgetyourparentstofillitin.(下載以下協(xié)議表格，請家長填寫)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Emailyourwrittenorvideostory,alongwiththecompletedagreementandentryforms,tojuniorjournalist@.aubefore5pmonOctober27.VideoentriesshouldbesentasaMP4file.(在10月27日下午5點之前，將你的書面或視頻故事，以及完整的協(xié)議和報名表格發(fā)送至juniorjournalist@.au。視頻條目應(yīng)該以MP4文件的形式發(fā)送)”可知，比賽規(guī)則要求父母的同意。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ClickHEREforthefullTermsandConditions.(點擊這里查看完整的條款和條件)”可知，學(xué)生可以點擊HERE查看比賽的所有規(guī)則。故選A。BIn2009,KevinPearcewasattheheightofhisprofessionalsnowboardingcareerandwaspreparingfortheWinterOlympics.Butduringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofahalfpipe.Itchangedthecourseofthethen22-year-old’slife.Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandbasicallystartover.HisolderbrotherAdamgaveuphisjobandmovedacrossthecountrytohelphimthroughrecovery.Kevineventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowitpositivelychangedhimandgavehimasenseofhope.“IremembersoclearlyIcameoutofthefirstyogaclasswithKevinandjustsawinhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson,”AdamPearcesaid.“Wewouldliketofigureoutwhyandhowthatjusthappened.”BraininjuryaffectsthelivesofmillionsofAmericanseachyear,includingmanywhoarelivingwithlong-termbrain-injury-relateddisabilities(殘疾).Wantingtobringhopeandcuretoothersthroughyoga,AdamandKevinco-foundedtheLoveYourBrainFoundationin2014.Thenonprofitoffersweek-longretreats(靜修)andcommunity-basedyogaclassesacrosstheUnitedStatesforpeoplewhohavebraininjuryaswellastheircaregivers.Theorganizationaimstofinallymakeasafespaceandasupportivecommunitywherepeoplewithbraininjurycanbetreatedtogether.Theorganizationalsotrainsyogateachers,givingthemknowledgeonhowtoworkwiththosewhohavebraininjury,andworkswithhospitalstoaddyogaintorecoverytreatmentsearlyon.Todate,LoveYourBrainhasreachedmorethan35,000people.“NeverinmywildestdreamswouldIhavethoughtwe’dbeherealmost13yearsafterKevin’saccident,”Adamsaid.“Whatthishastaughtmeisthatinjuryandunpleasantsituationscanbeapowerfulpathwayfordeeperlearningandgrowth.”4.WhatstoppedKevinPearcetakingpartintheWinterOlympics?A.Adam’sjoblessness. B.Hisseriousbraininjury.C.Changesinhisplan. D.Hisnewinterestinyoga.5.WhatdidKevinthinkofyogaprobably?A.Truehopeforrecovery. B.Anewjobforadisabledman.C.Anexcusetoescapefromreality. D.Accesstofurthereducation.6.HowdoesAdamfindtheeffectofyogaonKevin?A.Worrying. B.Doubtful.C.Impressive. D.Controllable.7.WhatisthefinalaimoftheLoveYourBrainFoundation?A.Totrainasmanyyogateachersaspossible.B.Tosetupaspecialhospitalforcuringbraininjury.C.Tohelphospitalsfindnewwaystopreventbraininjury.D.Toestablishaspecialsiteforbraininjurytreatment.〖答案〗4.B5.A6.C7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了凱文·皮爾斯滑雪時受重傷導(dǎo)致腦損傷，后來通過瑜伽重獲新生，并且積極幫助有腦損傷的人。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Butduringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofahalfpipe.Itchangedthecourseofthethen22-year-old’slife.Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandbasicallystartover.(但在訓(xùn)練中，他的頭撞到了U型池邊緣。這改變了當(dāng)時22歲的他一生的軌跡。他必須重新學(xué)習(xí)如何走路和說話，基本上重新開始)”可知，他的嚴(yán)重腦損傷阻止了凱文·皮爾斯參加冬奧會。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Kevineventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowitpositivelychangedhimandgavehimasenseofhope.(凱文最終開始做瑜伽，他的家人看到了瑜伽如何積極地改變了他，給了他希望)”可知，亞當(dāng)覺得瑜伽對凱文來說是恢復(fù)的真正希望。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第二段““IremembersoclearlyIcameoutofthefirstyogaclasswithKevinandjustsawinhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson,”AdamPearcesaid.“Wewouldliketofigureoutwhyandhowthatjusthappened.”(AdamPearce說：“我記得很清楚，我和Kevin一起上完第一堂瑜伽課，從他的臉上看到了這個新的表情，這個新的人?！薄！拔覀兿肱宄槭裁磿l(fā)生這種事，以及如何發(fā)生的?！?”可推知，亞當(dāng)覺得瑜伽對凱文的治療效果給人印象深刻。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Theorganizationaimstofinallymakeasafespaceandasupportivecommunitywherepeoplewithbraininjurycanbetreatedtogether.(該組織的目標(biāo)是最終創(chuàng)造一個安全的空間和一個支持性的社區(qū)，讓腦損傷患者可以一起接受治療)”可知，LoveYourBrain基金會的最終目標(biāo)是建立專門的腦損傷治療場所，讓腦損傷患者可以一起接受治療。故選D。CElephantsmaybeknownfortheirsizeandstrength,buttouristswhorideontheirbackscanstilldogreatharm.ApictureprovidedbytheWildlifeFriendsFoundationinThailand(WFFT)showsPaiLin,a71-year-oldfemaleelephantwhosebackhasbecomedisfigured(變形)after25yearsofworkinginthetourismindustry,whereshewasforcedtocarryuptosixtouristsatatime.PaiLin’sbackstillbearsscarsfromoldpressurepoints.Thiscontinuouspressureonelephants’bodiescandeterioratethebonesontheirback,causinglong-lastingphysicaldamage.PaiLinwasabandoned(遺棄)byherpreviousowner,whofeltthatshewastooslowandalwaysinpainandcouldn’tworkwellanymore.ElephantridesareapopulartouristactivityincountriesacrossSoutheastAsia,butactivistssaythepracticeisaformofanimalabuse(虐待)astheirbodiesarenotdesignedtoberidden.Theysaytheanimalsarealsooftenabusedandexploitedinotherindustrieslikelongmarchingandlogging,withmanydyingfromexhaustionandhungerastheyarereallyforcedtoworkuntildeath.ThegroupwassharingPaiLin’sstorytoraiseawarenessaboutelephantabuse.PaiLinislivingoutherdayswith24otherrescuedelephantsinWFFT’spreserveneartheseasidetownofHuaHin,abouta2.5-hourdrivefromBangkok.She’soldernowandhasputonweight.Butyoucanseetheshapeofherbackveryclearly—it’saphysicaldisfigurementshewillhavetolivewith,butshe’sdoingwell.The“oldlady”enjoyshavingherownspace.Butshereallyenjoysbeingaroundthecompanyofotherelephantsandlikesattentionfrompeople.Shedoesgetmoody(喜怒無常的)whenitinvolvesfoodbutsheisaverylovelyelephant.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorate”inparagraph1mean?A.Relax. B.Worsen. C.Balance. D.Strengthen.9.WhydidPaiLin’spreviousownergiveherup?A.Sheatetoomuch. B.Sheusuallyattackedtourists.C.Shewasdyingfromillness. D.Shewasnolongerfitforherjob.10.Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththeideasofactivists?A.Elephantsshouldhelphumansdowhattheycan’tdo.B.Elephantsshouldworkinmanyfieldsexcepttourism.C.Elephantsshouldberiddenbyfewerthan6people.D.Elephantsshouldbebettertreatedbypeople.11.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethepresentPaiLin?A.Curious. B.Energetic. C.Friendly. D.Annoying.〖答案〗8.B9.D10.D11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了騎大象對大象的傷害以及人們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)大象所做的努力?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。由文章第一段中“causinglong-lastingphysicaldamage.(造成長期的身體損傷。)”可知，這種對大象身體的持續(xù)壓力會使它們背部的骨骼受損。A.Relax.放松；B.Worsen.惡化；C.Balance.使(在某物上)保持平衡；D.Strengthen.加強(qiáng)。故選B。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“PaiLinwasabandoned(遺棄)byherpreviousowner,whofeltthatshewastooslowandalwaysinpainandcouldn’tworkwellanymore.(白琳被她的前主人拋棄了，他覺得她太慢了，總是很痛苦，不能再好好工作了。)”可知，白琳的前任主人把她拋棄是因為它不能再勝任它的工作了。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第三段“ElephantridesareapopulartouristactivityincountriesacrossSoutheastAsia,butactivistssaythepracticeisaformofanimalabuse(虐待)astheirbodiesarenotdesignedtoberidden.Theysaytheanimalsarealsooftenabusedandexploitedinotherindustrieslikelongmarchingandlogging,withmanydyingfromexhaustionandhungerastheyarereallyforcedtoworkuntildeath.(在東南亞各國，騎大象是一種受歡迎的旅游活動，但積極分子表示，這種做法是虐待動物的一種形式，因為大象的身體不是用來騎的。他們說，這些動物在其他行業(yè)也經(jīng)常受到虐待和剝削，比如長征和伐木，許多動物死于疲憊和饑餓，因為它們真的被迫工作到死。)”可知，積極分子認(rèn)為大象遭到了人們的虐待。由此推知，他們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該更好地對待大象。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第五段“The“oldlady”enjoyshavingherownspace.Butshereallyenjoysbeingaroundthecompanyofotherelephantsandlikesattentionfrompeople.Shedoesgetmoody(喜怒無常的)whenitinvolvesfoodbutsheisaverylovelyelephant.(“老太太”喜歡有自己的空間。但她真的很喜歡和其它大象在一起，也喜歡別人的關(guān)注。當(dāng)涉及到食物時，它確實會情緒化，但它是一頭非?？蓯鄣拇笙蟆?”可知，白琳喜歡和別的大象在一起，喜歡別人的關(guān)注，而且也非?？蓯?。由此推知，它現(xiàn)在很友好。故選C。DWhatifyoucouldlookatallthethingsyoudodaily—walkingfromroomtoroom,preparingapresentationatyourdesk,runningupanddownstairstodeliverwashedclothesortakingajogaroundtheneighborhood—andknowwhichoneswillbesthelporhurtyourbrain?Anewstudyattemptedtoanswerthatquestionbyfixingactivitymonitorstothelegsofnearly4,500participants(參與者)intheUnitedKingdomandtrackingtheir24-hourmovementsforsevendays.Researchersthenexaminedhowparticipants’behavioraffectedtheirshort-termmemory,problem-solvingandprocessingskills.Here’sthegoodnews:Peoplewhospentevensmallamountsoftimeonmoreenergeticactivities—aslittleas6to9minutes—comparedtositting,sleepingorgentleactivities,hadhighercognition(認(rèn)知)scores.Middlephysicalactivityistypicallydefined(定義)asquickwalkingorbicyclingorrunningupanddownstairs.Energeticmovement,suchasquickdancing,jogging,running,swimmingandbikingupahill,willincreaseyourheartrateandbreathing.Thestudyfounddoingjustunder10minutesofmiddletoenergeticexerciseeachdayimprovedtheparticipants’workingmemorybuthaditsbiggesteffectonoperativeprocessessuchasplanningandorganization.Thereisbadnewsaswell:Spendingmoretimesleeping,sittingordoingonlygentlemovementwasconnectedtoanegative(負(fù)面的)effectonthebrain.Thestudyfoundcognitionreduced1%to2%afterreplacinganequalpartofmiddletoenergeticphysicalactivitywitheightminutesofstillbehavior,sixminutesoflightactivitiesorsevenminutesofsleep.Thatchangeisonlyaconnection,notacauseandeffect,duetotheobservationalmethodsofthestudy.Additionalstudiesneedtobedonetoprovethesefindingsandunderstandtheroleoeachtypeofactivity.However,thestudyhighlightshowevenverysmalldifferencesinpeople’dailymovement—lessthan10minutes—areconnectedtoquitegreatchangesinourcognitivehealth.12.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph1?A.Topresentsomeusefulactivities. B.Toexplainasituation.C.Toattractthereaders’attention. D.Tofindtheanswertoaquestion.13.Whatisthebestforthebrain’sfunctionaccordingtothetext?A.Sittingstill. B.Deepsleep.C.Lightactivities. D.Energeticexercise.14.Whatcanweknowaboutthestudyfromthelastparagraph?A.Itsresultsneedfurtherconfirmation.B.Itfindsnotallmiddleactivitiesarebeneficial.C.Itsobservationalmethodsaredifferentfromothers.D.Itshowsnorelationshipbetweenexerciseandthebrain.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PhysicalActivityTypesandCognition B.ArrangementforThingsYouDoDailyC.DefinitionofTypesofPhysicalActivity D.ThePositiveandNegativeEffectsonBrain〖答案〗12.C13.D14.A15.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項關(guān)于體育活動類型與認(rèn)知之間的關(guān)系研究。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Whatifyoucouldlookatallthethingsyoudodaily—walkingfromroomtoroom,preparingapresentationatyourdesk,runningupanddownstairstodeliverwashedclothesortakingajogaroundtheneighborhood—andknowwhichoneswillbesthelporhurtyourbrain?(如果你能看看你每天做的所有事情——從一個房間走到另一個房間，在辦公桌前準(zhǔn)備演講，跑上跑下樓梯送洗好的衣服，或者在附近慢跑——并知道哪些最能幫助或傷害你的大腦，會怎么樣？)”可推知，作者提出問題，是為了吸引讀者的注意力。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Here’sthegoodnews:Peoplewhospentevensmallamountsoftimeonmoreenergeticactivities—aslittleas6to9minutes—comparedtositting,sleepingorgentleactivities,hadhighercognition(認(rèn)知)scores.(好消息是：與坐著、睡覺或溫和的活動相比，即使花很少的時間進(jìn)行更有活力的活動，也只有6到9分鐘，這些人的認(rèn)知得分更高)”可知，更有活力的活動對大腦功能最好。故選D?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Thatchangeisonlyaconnection,notacauseandeffect,duetotheobservationalmethodsofthestudy.Additionalstudiesneedtobedonetoprovethesefindingsandunderstandtheroleoeachtypeofactivity.(由于這項研究的觀察方法，這種變化只是一種聯(lián)系，而不是因果關(guān)系。需要進(jìn)行更多的研究來證明這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，并了解每種活動的作用)”可推知，這項研究的結(jié)果需要進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)。故選A。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章最后一段中“However,thestudyhighlightshowevenverysmalldifferencesinpeople’dailymovement—lessthan10minutes—areconnectedtoquitegreatchangesinourcognitivehealth.(然而，這項研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，即使是人們?nèi)粘；顒拥奈⑿〔町悺坏?0分鐘——也與我們認(rèn)知健康的巨大變化有關(guān))”可知，文章主要介紹了一項關(guān)于體育活動類型與認(rèn)知之間的關(guān)系研究。由此可知，PhysicalActivityTypesandCognition適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ScientistsMakeAmazingPaintUsingIdeasfromNatureThecolorsinmostpaintscomefrompigments(顏料)—coloredthingssuchasminerals,metalsorchemicals.Butnaturehasanotherwaytocreatecolor,called“structuralcolor”.Structuralcolorcomesfromtinyshapesonthesurfacesofthingslikewings,feathersorshells.___16___Nowscientistshaveusednanotechnology(納米技術(shù))tomakepaintwithstructuralcolor.___17___Theyweretryingtocreateaspecialmirroredsurface.Buttheyfoundsuper-smallclumpsofaluminumatoms(鋁原子團(tuán)塊)onthesurface.Theresearcherswereupsetbecausethesesmallclumpsmessedupthemirror.Thentheyrealizedthattheclumpsmadecolorswhenlighthitthem.Theydecidedtoturntheirdiscoveryintopaint.Allthecolorinthenewpaintcomesfromaluminum.Therearetinyaluminumpiecesandthenevensmallernanoparticles(納米顆粒)thatcreatethecolors.Thenanoparticlesdon’treallyproducethecolor.Theysimplyreflectbackasinglecolor.___18___Becausethenewpaintdoesn’thavepigments,thepaintissolightthatitcouldreducetheamountoffuelusedbyplanesandcars.___19___Itwouldonlytake1.3kgofstructuralpainttodothesamejob.___20___Inregularpaints,pigmentsbreakdownandfadeovertime.That’snottrueforstructuralcolor.Oncewepaintsomethingwithstructuralcolor,itshouldstayforcenturies.What’smore,thenewpaintdoesn’theatuplikeregularpaint.That’strueevenfordarkercolors.Thenewpaintcankeepsurfacesupto16.6℃coolerthannormalpaint.Usingthepaintonbuildingsincitiescouldhelpcoolcitiesandreducetheelectricityspentonair.conditioning.A.Thenewpainthasseveralotheradvantages.B.Structuralpaintcouldsaveasmuchmoneyaspossible.C.Researchersweren’treallyplanningonmakingpaint.D.Thesizeofthemdetermineswhichcolorgetsreflected.E.Generally,ittakesabout500kgofpainttocoveranairplane.F.Normally,weneverseetheshapesbecausethey’resosmall.G.Itwillprobablybeawhilebeforeyoucanusestructuralcolor.〖答案〗16.F17.C18.D19.E20.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家利用大自然制作出顏料的方法和顏料的優(yōu)點。【16題詳析】由上文“Structuralcolorcomesfromtinyshapesonthesurfacesofthingslikewings,feathersorshells.(結(jié)構(gòu)顏色來自于翅膀、羽毛或貝殼等物體表面的微小形狀。)”可知，下面要說跟“微小形狀”有關(guān)的話題，故F選項“Normally,weneverseetheshapesbecausethey’resosmall.(通常情況下，我們永遠(yuǎn)看不到這些形狀，因為它們太小了。)”能承接上文，符合題意。F項中的“small”與空前的“tiny”相對應(yīng)。故選F?！?7題詳析】由下文“Theyweretryingtocreateaspecialmirroredsurface.Buttheyfoundsuper-smallclumpsofaluminumatoms(鋁原子團(tuán)塊)onthesurface.Theresearcherswereupsetbecausethesesmallclumpsmessedupthemirror.Thentheyrealizedthattheclumpsmadecolorswhenlighthitthem.Theydecidedtoturntheirdiscoveryintopaint.(他們試圖創(chuàng)造一個特殊的鏡面。但他們在表面發(fā)現(xiàn)了超小型的鋁原子團(tuán)。研究人員很沮喪，因為這些小團(tuán)塊把鏡子弄得一團(tuán)糟。然后他們意識到，當(dāng)光線照射到這些團(tuán)塊時，它們就會產(chǎn)生顏色。他們決定把他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)變成繪畫。)”可知，本空要說研究人員的打算，故C選項“Researchersweren’treallyplanningonmakingpaint.(研究人員并沒有真正計劃制造油漆。)”能引起下文，且承接上文“Nowscientistshaveusednanotechnology(納米技術(shù))tomakepaintwithstructuralcolor.(現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)利用納米技術(shù)制造出具有結(jié)構(gòu)色的油漆。)”符合題意。故選C?！?8題詳析】由上文“Thenanoparticlesdon’treallyproducethecolor.Theysimplyreflectbackasinglecolor.(納米顆粒并不能真正產(chǎn)生顏色。它們只是反射回單一的顏色。)”可知，下面要說跟“反射”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項“Thesizeofthemdetermineswhichcolorgetsreflected.(它們的大小決定了反射的顏色。)”能承上啟下，符合題意。D項中的“reflected”與空前的“reflect”相對應(yīng)。故選D?！?9題詳析】由上文“Becausethenewpaintdoesn’thavepigments,thepaintissolightthatitcouldreducetheamountoffuelusedbyplanesandcars.(因為這種新油漆沒有顏料，所以這種油漆很輕，可以減少飛機(jī)和汽車的燃料用量。)”可知，下面要介紹覆蓋飛機(jī)的油漆，故E選項“Generally,ittakesabout500kgofpainttocoveranairplane.(一般來說，覆蓋一架飛機(jī)大約需要500公斤的油漆。)”能承接上文，符合題意。E項中的“airplane”與空前的“plane”相對應(yīng)。故選E。【20題詳析】由下文“Oncewepaintsomethingwithstructuralcolor,itshouldstayforcenturies.What’smore,thenewpaintdoesn’theatuplikeregularpaint.(一旦我們把某種東西涂成結(jié)構(gòu)色，它應(yīng)該會持續(xù)幾個世紀(jì)。更重要的是，新油漆不像普通油漆那樣發(fā)熱。)”可知，本段主要介紹這種漆的優(yōu)點，故A選項“Thenewpainthasseveralotheradvantages.(這種新油漆還有其他幾個優(yōu)點。)”能概括本段主題，符合題意。故選A。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D.四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Weareallunknowinglysittingamongheroes,andforthechildrenofCarterMiddleSchool,itwas13-year-oldDillonReeveswhosavedtheirlives.Itwasacommonafternoon.Dillonwasoneof60childrenonaschoolbuswhenthebusdriver___21___gotlightheadedandpassedout.Earlier,shehadstartedtofeelsickandmadea(n)___22___throughtheintercom(對講機(jī))sayingthatshewouldneedto___23___.Butshehadalreadybecomeunconscious(失去知覺)beforeshecouldgettowhereshe___24___tostopthebus.AsDillon___25___thatthebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself,hedroppedhisbag,___26___fromthefifthrowtowardthedriverspot,steppedonthebrakes(剎車),andsucceededinstoppingthebusbeforeitwouldhave___27___severalcars.Heevencalledforanambulance(救護(hù)車)forthedriver.Most___28___,somanychildren’slivesweresaved.ItwasDillon’sactioninstoppingthebusthatmadeit___29___foreachchildtoleavethatbusalive.Anewsconferencewasheldtohonortheboy,andthere,hisparentsexpressednotonlytheir___30___,butalsofear.NoonecouldevenimaginewhatwouldhavehappenedifDillonhadnottakenaction.Many,includingDillon’sparents,___31___howthe13-year-oldboyknewwhattodotostopthebus.Buthisfathersaidheusually___32___aroundwithhim,andthatDillonpaidattentiontohisdriving.Dillon’sparentssaidthathewantedtobea___33___whenhegrowsup,andmanypeopleare___34___thatDillonwillbeabletousehis___35___andquickreactionaryskillstohisadvantageinputtingoutfires.21.A.suddenly B.immediately C.finally D.naturally22.A.excuse B.promise C.announcement D.wish23.A.pullover B.hangup C.holdon D.calmdown24.A.managed B.regretted C.remembered D.intended25.A.admitted B.realized C.protested D.imagined26.A.looked B.climbed C.pointed D.rushed27.A.followed B.passed C.hit D.missed28.A.importantly B.briefly C.properly D.strangely29.A.reasonable B.possible C.necessary D.obvious30.A.pride B.hope C.patience D.pity31.A.learned B.wondered C.explained D.doubted32.A.walked B.ran C.drove D.rode33.A.soldier B.policeman C.firefighter D.spaceman34.A.determined B.certain C.curious D.surprised35.A.generosity B.fortune C.honor D.bravery〖答案〗21.A22.C23.A24.D25.B26.D27.C28.A29.B30.A31.B32.C33.C34.B35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了13歲的DillonReeves，在一輛校車司機(jī)暈倒時挽救了60名學(xué)生的生命，以及大家對此的反應(yīng)和DillonReeves的夢想。【21題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Dillon是校車上60個孩子中的一個，當(dāng)時公交車司機(jī)突然頭暈昏倒了。A.suddenly突然；B.immediately立即；C.finally最終；D.naturally自然而然地。根據(jù)空后“gotlightheadedandpassedout”可知，司機(jī)是突然暈倒。故選A。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：早些時候，她開始感到不舒服，并通過對講機(jī)宣布她需要靠邊停車。A.excuse借口；B.promise承諾；C.announcement宣布；D.wish愿望。根據(jù)空后“throughtheintercom(對講機(jī))saying”可知此處是指通過對講機(jī)說話。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：早些時候，她開始感到不舒服，并通過對講機(jī)宣布她需要靠邊停車。A.pullover靠邊停車；B.hangup掛斷；C.holdon堅持；D.calmdown冷靜。根據(jù)上文“Earlier,shehadstartedtofeelsick”和下文“Butshehadalreadybecomeunconscious(失去知覺)beforeshecouldgettowhereshetostopthebus.”可知，她感到不舒服想要靠邊停車。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但她還沒到她打算停車的地方就已經(jīng)昏迷了。A.managed設(shè)法做；B.regretted后悔；C.remembered記得；D.intended打算。根據(jù)下文“thebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself”可知，沒到她打算停車的地方她就已經(jīng)昏迷了。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Dillon意識到校車正自己朝著正在行駛的車輛行駛時，他放下包，從第五排沖到司機(jī)位置，踩下剎車，成功地在校車撞上幾輛車之前把它停了下來。A.admitted承認(rèn)；B.realized意識到；C.protested抗議；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)空后“thebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself”可知，此處是指Dillon意識到要撞車。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Dillon意識到校車正自己朝著正在行駛的車輛行駛時，他放下包，從第五排沖到司機(jī)位置，踩下剎車，成功地在校車撞上幾輛車之前把它停了下來。A.looked看；B.climbed爬；C.pointed指；D.rushed沖。根據(jù)空前“thebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself”和空后“fromthefifthrowtowardthedriverspot”可知，情況緊急，Dillon是從最后排沖到駕駛位。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Dillon意識到校車正自己朝著正在行駛的車輛行駛時，他放下包，從第五排沖到司機(jī)位置，踩下剎車，成功地在校車撞上幾輛車之前把它停了下來。A.followed跟隨；B.passed經(jīng)過；C.hit撞；D.missed錯過。根據(jù)空前“thebuswasrunningtowardongoingtrafficofitself”空后“severalcars”可知，此處是指他阻止校車撞到其它車。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，這么多孩子的生命得救了。A.importantly重要地；B.briefly簡短地；C.properly合適地；D.strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)下文“somanychildren’slivesweresaved”可知，孩子們得救是很重要的事。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：正是Dillon阻止校車的行動才使得每個孩子都能活著離開校車成為可能。A.reasonable合理的；B.possible可能的；C.necessary必要的；D.obvious明顯的。根據(jù)空前“Butshehadalreadybecomeunconscious(失去知覺)beforeshecouldgettowhereshetostopthebus.”和下文“foreachchildtoleavethatbusalive”可知，司機(jī)昏迷，情況緊急，孩子們本可能失去生命，Dillon的行為使孩子得救成為可能。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為紀(jì)念男孩舉行了新聞發(fā)布會，在那里，他的父母不僅表達(dá)了他們的驕傲，也表達(dá)了他們的害怕。A.pride驕傲；B.hope希望；C.patience耐心；D.pity遺憾。根據(jù)前文“ItwasDillon’sactioninstoppingthebusthatmadeitforeachchildtoleavethatbusalive.”可知，Dillon救了那么多人的生命，父母應(yīng)該很驕傲。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許多人，包括Dillon的父母，都想知道這個13歲的男孩是如何知道該怎么做才能讓公交車停下來的。A.learned學(xué)習(xí)；B.wondered想知道；C.explained解釋；D.doubted懷疑。根據(jù)空后“howthe13-year-oldboyknewwhattodotostopthebus”可知，此處是指大家對他做的事感到疑惑，想知道他是如何做到的。故選B。【32題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但他的父親說，他經(jīng)常和他一起開車，Dillon注意他的駕駛。A.walked散步;B.ran跑步；C.drove開車；D.rode騎車。根據(jù)下文“paidattentiontohisdriving”可知，此處是指開車。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Dillon的父母說，他長大后想成為一名消防員，許多人都很確定Dillon能夠利用他的勇敢和快速反應(yīng)能力來撲滅大火。A.soldier戰(zhàn)士；B.policeman警察；C.firefighter消防員；D.spaceman宇航員。根據(jù)下文“hisadvantageinputtingoutfires”可知，滅火的人應(yīng)該是消防員。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Dillon的父母說，他長大后想成為一名消防員，許多人都很確定Dillon能夠利用他的勇敢和快速反應(yīng)能力來撲滅大火。A.determined下定決心的；B.certain確定的；C.curious好奇的；D.surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)前文“ItwasDillon’sactioninstoppingthebusthatmadeitforeachchildtoleavethatbusalive.”和下文“Dillonwillbeabletousehisandquickreactionaryskillstohisadvantageinputtingoutfires.”可知，他的快速的反應(yīng)讓大家相信他可以是合格的消防員。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Dillon的父母說，他長大后想成為一名消防員，許多人都很確定Dillon能夠利用他的勇敢和快速反應(yīng)能力來撲滅大火。A.generosity慷慨；B.fortune財富；C.honor榮譽(yù)；D.bravery勇氣。根據(jù)上文他在緊急情況下駕駛校車讓同學(xué)脫離危險和此處“inputtingoutfires.”可知，他有滅火的勇氣。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式,并將〖答案〗填寫在答題卡上。Hanghangisachildwithautism(自閉癥)inChongqing.Hehadtodropoutofschoolbecausehecouldn’tcatchupinclassesandalsohaddifficulty___36___(get)alongwithotherchildren.HehadtospendmostofhistimeathomewatchingTVanddevelopedaninterestintrains.Heoftendrewtrainsonthewallsand___37___(sleep)withtoytrainscloseathand.Seeinghisson’sobsession(癡迷),LiJiawei,Hanghang’sfather,decided___38___(build)arealministeamtrainforhim.Overeightyears,ittookhimmorethan200,000yuantotestthemachinemorethanathousand___39___(time).In2021,he___40___(eventual)builtthefirstminitrainforhisson.Tomakethetrainmore___41___(power),hecontinuedtoimproveit,andthuscametraintwoandtrainthree.At___42___sametime,LinoticedHanghangalsochanged.Hewasnolongerafraid___43___strangersandbecamemoreandmorecheerfulandlively.Hanghangevengotajobatatourismsitedrivinghisminitrain,___44___couldcarry20to30touriststhroughthebeautifulscenery.TrainticketshavebecomeHanghang’s“income”,but___45___isfreeforchildrenwithdisabilitiestotakehistrain.〖答案〗36.getting37.slept38.tobuild39.times40.eventually41.powerful42.the43.of44.which45.it【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要記述了自閉癥兒童航航的生活和父親對他的愛。【36題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他不得不輟學(xué)，因為他在課堂上跟不上進(jìn)度，也很難與其他孩子和睦相處。固定短語havedifficulty(in)doingsth.“做某事有困難”，根據(jù)空前的haddifficulty可知，此處使用ing形式。故填getting。【37題詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：他經(jīng)常在墻上畫火車，睡覺時玩具火車近在咫尺。根據(jù)空前的drew和and可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時，此處使用sleep的過去式slept“睡覺”。故填slept。【38題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：看到兒子的癡迷，航航的父親李家偉決定為他建造一輛真正的迷你蒸汽火車。固定短語decidetodosth.“決定做某事”，不定式作賓語。故填tobuild?！?9題詳析】考查名詞。句意：八年多的時間里，他花了20多萬元對這臺機(jī)器進(jìn)行了一千多次測試。根據(jù)空前的athousand可知，此處使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填times。【40題詳析】考查副詞。句意：2021年，他最終為兒子建造了第一列迷你列車。此處修飾動詞built，應(yīng)用副詞eventually“最終”，作狀語。故填eventually?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：為了讓火車更強(qiáng)大，他繼續(xù)改進(jìn)，于是來了第二次和第三次火車。此處應(yīng)用形容詞powerful“強(qiáng)大的”，作賓補(bǔ)。故填powerful?！?2題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：與此同時，李注意到航航也發(fā)生了變化。固定短語atthesametime“與此同時”。故填the?！?3題詳析】考查介詞。句意：他不再害怕陌生人，變得越來越開朗活潑。根據(jù)句意及空前的afraid可知，此處使用介詞of。beafraidof“害怕”，為固定短語。故填of?！?4題詳析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：航航甚至在一個旅游景點找到了一份工作，開著他的迷你火車，可以載著20到30名游客穿過美麗的風(fēng)景。此處引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，先行詞是train，指物，且從句缺少主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填whic