Unit12CultureShock語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞。2、現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞常用的只能接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：agree,ask,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,offer,plan,promise,pretend,refuse,want,wish等。Theyagreestoputtwoforeignstudentsupoverthesummer.他們同意夏季為兩個(gè)外國留學(xué)生提供膳宿。Theonlydifferenceishowyouchoosetospendyourtime.唯一區(qū)別就是你選擇怎么花費(fèi)你的時(shí)間。2.常用的只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggest,keep(on),feellike,devoteoneselfto,giveup,get/beusedto,beworth,can’thelp,insiston,lookforwardto等。Headmittedhavingdonewrong.他承認(rèn)做錯(cuò)了。Isuggesttryingoncemore.我建議在試一次。3.常用的既能跟動(dòng)詞不定式也能跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：begin,start,continue,hate,like,love,prefer等。Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantosnow.我正準(zhǔn)備離開這時(shí)天突然下起大雪。4.try,mean,stop,goon等接動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞意思不同。Wetrytoprovidethemwithdirectionandhelp.我們?cè)噲D給他們提供指導(dǎo)和幫助。5.need,want跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義，跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語時(shí)表示主動(dòng)意義。Youneedtotouchupthepoem.你需要把這首詩潤(rùn)色一下。Thecompanyneedsrepairing.這臺(tái)電腦需要修理?，F(xiàn)在分詞的用法作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表示時(shí)間，條件，原因，讓步關(guān)系時(shí)，常位于句首，且用逗號(hào)隔開，可以轉(zhuǎn)換相應(yīng)的狀語從句；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果，方式，伴隨狀語時(shí)多位于句中，可用逗號(hào)隔開，也可以不用。Walkinginthestreet(WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Imetanoldfriendofmine.走在大街上，我遇到一位老朋友。（時(shí)間）Workinghard(Ifyouworkhard),youwillsurelysucceed.如果用功，你一定會(huì)成功的。（條件）Notknowingheraddress(AsIdon’tknowheraddress),Ican’twritetoher.由于不知道她的地址，我沒能給她寫信。（原因）Havingfailed(Althoughhehadfailed)manytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.雖然屢次失敗，但他沒有灰心喪氣。（讓步）Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway(byusinganotherway).請(qǐng)換一種方式回答這個(gè)問題。（方式）Aterriblehurricanestruckthearea,makingthousandsofpeoplehomeless.颶風(fēng)襲擊了那個(gè)地區(qū)，使成千上萬人無家可歸。（結(jié)果）Theywerewalkinginthewoods,singinghappily.我們漫步在樹林里，歡樂地唱著歌。（伴隨）作定語現(xiàn)在分詞可單獨(dú)作定語放在被修飾的名詞前?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語放在被修飾的名詞后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾的名詞的功能和用途。Theflyingkitesarehighinthesky.飛行的風(fēng)箏在天空中飄揚(yáng)。作賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞常用在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe,listento,lookat等和使役動(dòng)詞have,get,leave,set等的賓語后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，也就是說賓語實(shí)際上是現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。Mybreathingquickened,andIfeltheartbeatingfaster.我呼吸開始變得急促，心跳也加快了。作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語可被very等副詞修飾。Theteacher’swordsweregreatlyinspiringwheneverImetwithdifficulties.無論我什么時(shí)候遇到困難，老師的話都極具感召力。Iremembered_____thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.lockingtolockhavinglockedtohavelocked解析：句意：離開辦公室之前，我記得鎖門了，但是忘了關(guān)燈?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞用法。remembertodosth.記得要做某事，根據(jù)beforeIlefttheoffice可知：空格處為“要鎖門”，所以B項(xiàng)正確。答案：B。例2._____thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.FindFoundTofindFinding解析：句意：由于發(fā)現(xiàn)這門功課非常難，她決定轉(zhuǎn)到水平低一點(diǎn)的課程。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。A項(xiàng)為動(dòng)詞原形，被排除；根據(jù)題干可知非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語she為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除D項(xiàng)；不定式置于句首通常表示目的，在此不符合題意，排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意可知非謂語動(dòng)詞在此作原因狀語，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故選擇B項(xiàng)。答案：B。例3.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail_____forher.waitedtowaitwaitingwaswaiting解析：句意：Laura去巴黎待了一周多時(shí)間。當(dāng)她返回家的時(shí)候，有一大堆郵件等著她處理?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞作定語。因?yàn)閣ait“等待”與mail“郵件”為主謂關(guān)系，所以選wait的現(xiàn)在分詞形式waiting，相當(dāng)于定語從句thatwaswaitingforher。不定式作定語時(shí)，通常表示將來的動(dòng)作。若用在此處不符合語境。答案：C。例4.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake_____itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted解析：句意：我抬起頭，看見一條蛇正在蜿蜒著向樹上爬行取捕食早餐。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Notice后接不帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故排除A項(xiàng)；D項(xiàng)為動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式，不符合題意，可排除；省去to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作notice的賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的全過程；現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作notice的賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。根據(jù)語境可知選C項(xiàng)。答案：C。例5.（2015北京通州高三二模）_____inspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.A.TravellingB.TravelledC.TotravelD.Havingtravelled解析：句意：普通人去太空旅行將會(huì)很常見。空格處在句中作主語，所以只能用動(dòng)名詞或不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語表示普通的，一般的行為，不定式表示某次具體的行為，根據(jù)語境可知，此處為將來會(huì)發(fā)生的一般行為，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：A?；A(chǔ)演練一，單項(xiàng)選擇。We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds_____toachievethefinalsuccess.beingdone B.do C.tobedone D.todo2.—Iregret_____youthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.—Notsuccessful?Iperformedprettywellinmyrming B.toinform C.havinginformed D.tohaveinformed3.—Haveyoufinishedyourtasknow?—Notyet.Somuchtimehasbeenwasted_____itsdetailsaimlesslythismorning.beingassessed B.toassess C.assessed D.assessing4.Ihaddifficulty_____thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.find B.found C.tofind D.finding5._____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.bathed B.bathing C.tohavebathed D.havingbathed6._____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.Notknowing B.Knowingnot C.Notknown D.Knownnot7.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_____.A.permitting B.topermit C.permitted D.permit8.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_____seriousbloodinginseveralprovinces.A.caused B.havingcaused C.causing D.tocause9.Thelecture,_____at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.starting B.beingstarted C.tostart D.tobestarted10.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog_____them.A.tofollow B.following C.followed D.followsKeys：1-10CBDDBAACAB鞏固提高完成句子。我不知道你看沒看過90年代很有名的一部電視劇叫《浪漫滿屋》。Idon’tknowifyou__________________________thetelevisionprogram“FullHouse”fromthe90s.我注意到他了，因?yàn)樗⒅铱?。Inoticedhimbecausehe___________________me.他匆忙趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)給朋友送行。Hehurriedtotheairportto_________hisfriend__________.兩隊(duì)之間的決賽，不論結(jié)果如何，總是精彩的。Thefinalbetweentheteams,__________theresult,is__________.越來越多的人買汽車，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為汽車比自行車快。______________________________peoplebuycarsbecausetheythinkcarsarefasterthanbicycles.Keys：1.arefamiliarwith 2.staredat 3.see,off 4.whatever,splendid 5.Moreandmore一，單項(xiàng)選擇。As_____birthplaceofHuaxiacivilization,Xi’anis_____citywithalonghistoryandabundantculturalrelics.the,a B.a,a C./;a D.the,/（2015北京房山高三二模）—Mygoodness!Whyareyoublackandblueallover.—Well,Ifellovermanytimeswhile_____toskateyesterday.tolearn B.learning C.learned D.havinglearned（2015北京通州高三二模）—Rememberthefirsttimewemet?—OfcourseIdo.You_____inthelibrary.Read B.hadread C.haveread D.werereading（2015北京通州高三一模）Thisistheonlyway_____theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.reducing B.reduce C.reduced D.toreduce（2015北京豐臺(tái)高三二模）MoYangrewup_____folktalesthathadbeentoldforcenturiesinhishometown.listeningto B.listenedto C.listento D.tolistentowatchingtheclown’s_____pose,theaudiencepresentburstout_____.amused,laughing B.unexpected,laughingC.unexpecting,laughter D.amusing,laughter7.Soabsorbed_____intheexperimentthathedidn’tevennoticeitwasalreadyover12o’clock.A.didhe B.hedid C.washe D.hewas8.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke_____frombehindthehouse.A.rose B.rising C.torise D.risen9.—Howdoyoufindthefilmyousawlastnight?—_____Ican’tthinktoohighlyofit.Itmakesnosense B.ItalldependsC.It’sjustso-so D.It’sreallysplendid10.Hearingascream,Irusheddownstairsonlytoseemyhostess_____onthefloor.A.lainunconscious B.lyingunconsciousC.laidunconsciously D.lyingunconsciously11.—Whydon’tyouwearyourjoggingshorts,Mum?—Well,mylegsaretooskinny,ifyou_____know.should B.can C.need D.must12.—Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.—OK,I’llputtheminthecupboard.havebroken B.arebreaking C.getbroken D.willbebroken13.Mr.Smithisateacherwithrichteachingexperience,from_____muchcanbelearned.A.whom B.which C.where D.that14.______whatIhadoriginallythought,thetripturnedouttobefun.A.Insteadof B.Inspiteof C.Contraryto D.Becauseof15._____theworkingefficiency,thebossallowstheemployeestohaveacoffeebreak.A.Improving B.Toimprove C.HavingimprovedD.ImprovedKeys: 一，1-15ABDDABCBDBDCACB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完型填空。Mr.Blacklivedinacityandhehadafewshopsthere.Hiswifeoften1himwhenhewaspoor.Sohelovedherverymuch.One2morningthewoman3hercaronanicyroadanditfellintoariverandshe4intheaccident.Hewasvery5andalwaysfeltalone.Hisfriendsadvisedhimto6twoweeksinasmalltown7wasbyaforestandhadmuch8init.Heagreedwiththemandwenttherebyhimself.Butthereheoftencherishedthememoryof(懷念Oneafternoonhewaswalkinginthetownwhilehesawanoldman9someparrots.Hestoppedtolookatthemandtheoldmanaskedhimtobuyone.He10themostbeautifulparrotandasked,“Canitspeak?”“Yes,sir,”answeredtheoldman.“Howmuchdoesit11?”“Fortypounds.”“It’stoo12,”saidMr.Black.“Isit13fortypounds?”Theoldmansaid14andturnedtothebirdandrepeatedthequestion,“Areyouworthfortypounds,dear?”“Certainly,”thebirdanswered15.Mr.Blackloveditatonceandboughtit,Whenhegothome,hewantedto16itmore,butitcouldn’tlearnanything17“Certainly”.Onemorninghe18thebirdsay“Certainly”again,hebecameangryand19,“Onlyafool(傻瓜)spentfortypoundsonsuchastupid(愚蠢的)bird!”“Certainly.”answeredtheparrot.Mr.Blackbeganto20andsetitfree.1.A.saved B.saw C.helped D.protected2.A.rainy B.snowy C.windy D.cloudy3.A.mended B.repaired C.washed D.drove4.A.hurt B.ill C.died D.disabled5.A.sad B.lucky C.unhappy D.pleased6.A.take B.spend C.have D.own7.A.which B.who C.where D./8.A.trees B.birds C.flowers D.wildlife9.A.selling B.catching C.feeding D.showing10.A.bought B.touched C.pointedto D.lookedafter11.A.fly B.cost C.pay D.give12.A.cheap B.expensive C.nice D.bad13.A.worth B.cost C.worthy D.take14.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing15.A.clearly B.carefully C.angrily D.recently16.A.ask B.tell C.teach D.think17.A.without B.but C.except D.besides18.A.saw B.heard C.watched D.listenedto19.A.smiled B.jumped C.replied D.shouted20.A.control B.escape C.laugh D.believe二，寫作。當(dāng)前，“酒后駕車”(drinkinganddriving)成了人們熱議的話題。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示就“酒后駕車談?wù)剛€(gè)人看法：“酒后駕車”的危害。如：引發(fā)交通事故，造成交通堵塞，構(gòu)成生命危險(xiǎn)，造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失等。你的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Nowadays,drinkinganddrivingisbecomingaheatedtopicamongpeopleinChina.Here,I’dliketoairmyviewsaboutit._________________________________________