考點分類練(十一)詞句揣測題——代詞指代類A(2024·山東淄博一模)Severalyearsago,whensomeoneusedcameracoverstoprotectagainstpossiblemonitoring,itwasnotpopulartotalkaboutit.Today,peopleusevarioustypesoftapestocoverthewebcamerasandmicrophones.Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.Suchprogrammesmayinfectnotonlycomputersbutalsosmartphones.YourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivateinformationorbycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedakindofspywareto“provideauthorisedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime”.Inmyopinion,theprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated.Userstapethecamerasandmicrophonesthroughlackofunderstandingofhowtheirdevicesworkandhowthemalware(惡意軟件)works.Hackersandevensecretservicesdonothaveenoughresourcestomonitorallvictimsusingthecamerasormicrophones.Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedvirustoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandsoon.Itisunwisetobelievethatattackerswillnotbeabletofindawaytospyonyou,evenifthedevice,dischargedtozero,canstilldeliverdataaboutyourlocation,usingthesmartphonesofthesurroundingpeopleassignalrepeaters.Letusfaceit:weliveinanerawhenitisextremelydifficulttohidesomethingandapieceoftapeisclearlynotthemostusefultoolinthestruggleforyourprivacy.Again,tobeabletospyonyou,attackersneedtoplantthemalwareinyourdevice.Topreventthemalwarefromenteringyourdevice,donotclicksuspectedlinksandemailattachments.Usestrongpasswordsforemail,socialmediaandonlinebankaccounts.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto?A.Cameras.B.Types.C.Programmes. D.Devices.2.WhatisNSOGroup?A.Agroupofhackers.B.Acompanydevelopingspyware.C.Agroupofterroristsandcriminals.D.Acompanyfightingagainstcrime.3.Whydoestheauthorthink“theprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated”?A.Peopleknowlittleabouttheirdevices.B.Hackershavenoaccesstoothers.C.Ithardlypreventsthemalwarefromgettingprivacy.D.Itcan’tcoverthecamerascompletely.B(2024·安徽合肥高三教學質(zhì)量檢測)Eversinceshereceivedalittletoyairlinerasabirthdaygift,Katehasbeenattractedbyflight.Fromflyingremote-controlledairplanestobuildingherownmodelones,Katehasalwaysconsideredflyingaplaneoneofherpassions,butonlyuntilrecentlyhasshebeenabletotakethattonewheights.WhenKateheardabouttheUpwindScholarshipfromherschoolcounselor,sheknewitwasanextraordinaryopportunitytorealiseherdream.Theprogramme’smissionistoprovideallthetrainingnecessarytoobtainaprivatepilot’slicense(PPL)forstudentsinbetweentheirjuniorandsenioryearofhighschoolfreeofcharge.Aftercompletingalengthyapplicationandhersubsequentacceptanceintotheprogramme,Katebeganhertraininglastspring.Normally,recipientsofthescholarshipwouldattendgroundschoolinpersonwheretheylearnthefundamentalsofflying.Duetothepandemic,however,Katespenthourseachweekendstudyingonlinelessonsinherroomwhenevershegotabreakfromhomework.Oncesummercamearound,Kateandthreepeersputintwostraightweeksofgroundschool,reviewingflighttrainingfromninetofiveeveryday.“Itwasthetoughestpartoftheprogramme,”Katesaid.Aftercompletingthatportionofgroundschool,KatewasfinallyabletobeginflyingattheSanCarlosAirportwiththeotherscholarshiprecipientsfromaroundtheBayArea.Flying,especiallyforfirst-timerslikeKate,isahands-onprocessinvolvinglotsofcheckliststomakesuretheimportanttasksarebeingtakencareof.Now,havingfinishedtheprogrammeandearnedherPPL,Kateplansontrainingasaflightinstructorandhopestobecomeanairlinepilotinherfuture.ShecreditstheUpwindScholarshiptoallshe’sbeenabletoaccomplishsofarandhopesthatanyonewhosharesherpassionwilllookintoit.“Itisaveryhardscholarshiptowin,andyouhavetobetrulyinterestedinflight,”Katesaid.“Itcan’tbesomethinglike‘Oh,whydon’tItryflyingthissummer?’Youhavetobereadytodoalotofworkandputeffortintosucceedingintheprogramme.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph1referto?A.Herskillofbuildingmodelairplanes.B.Herwishtotravelaroundtheworld.C.Herchildhooddreamofbecomingapilot.D.Herdesiretoflyremote-controlledairplanes.5.WhatisthegoaloftheUpwindScholarship?A.Tohelpstudentsinneedtoachievetheirdreams.B.Toprovidenecessarytrainingforprivatepilotsforfree.C.Togivestudentsexpertadviceonearningascholarship.D.Topreparehighschoolstudentstobecomeaprivatepilot.6.WhatdidKatedoingroundschool?A.Shetookonlinelessonsonflying.B.Shewentoverthefundamentalsofflying.C.Shedidsomeresearchintothepandemic.D.Shefinishedapplyingfortheprogramme.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKate?A.Confidentandaggressive.B.Strong-willedandpatient.C.Demandingandcourageous.D.Ambitiousandhard-working.C(2024·河北秦皇島二模)Everyfourorfiveyears,vastquantitiesofwarmwaterbuildupalongthewestcoastofSouthAmerica.Thisphenomenon,ElNi?o,createsstormsthatcausedestructivefloods.Theresultiscostly.ModernfarmerscometotermswithElNi?o.Theyusemoneysavedingoodyearstorebuildinbadones.Buthistorysuggestsitneednotbelikethat.Inapaperpublishedrecently,AriCaramanica,anarchaeologistinLima,showshowitusedtobedone.Andtheanswerseemstobe“better”.DrCaramanicaandhercolleagueshavebeenstudyingthePampadeMocan,acoastaldesertplaininnorthernPeru.Itisnotsuitableforfarming.Itssoilcontainslittleorganicmatterandtheannualrainfallinnon-Ni?oyearsisusuallylessthantwocentimetres.Today’sfarmersthereforedependoncanalstocarrywaterfromlocalriverstotheirfields.Ithadbeenassumedthatancientfarmershadasimilararrangement—andsotheydid.ButDrCaramanicaalsofoundeightcanalsthatcouldcarrywaterfarbeyondtherangeofmodernfarms.ShethoughtthattheywereintendedtoguidethefloodwatersarrivingduringNi?oyears.AroundaquarteroftheancientagriculturalinfrastructureofthisareaseemedtohavebeenbuiltonlyformanagingNi?o-generatedfloodwaters.Evidencefrompollensupportsthistheory,revealingthatthePampadeMocanproducedlotsofcropsinsomeyears,whileremainingnearlybarreninothers.Theteamalsouncoveredtwocisterns(蓄水箱)intheareaservicedbytheextendedcanals.These,probably,wereusedtostoreextrafloodwaters.Thesefindingssuggestthat,ratherthanresistingElNi?o,earlyfarmersinthePampadeMocanwerereadytomakeuseofitwhenitarrived.Modernfarmersmightdowelltolearnfromthem.8.Whatdoestherecentstudyfocuson?A.LivingwithElNi?o.B.EffectsofElNi?o.C.Farminginthedesert.D.WatershortageinPeru.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph4referto?A.Ancientfarmers. B.Rivers.C.Farms. D.Canals.10.Whatlessoncanbelearnedfromearlyfarmers?A.Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantage.B.Ineverydifficultyliesanopportunity.C.Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.D.It’snevertoolatetomend.11.Inwhichsectionofawebsitemaythistextappear?A.Education. B.Travel.C.Business. D.Science.

參考答案考點分類練(十一)詞句揣測題——代詞指代類【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述的是如何疼惜我們設(shè)備上的隱私。1.D解析代詞指代題。依據(jù)其次段的“Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.”可知,有很多類型的間諜軟件可以潛入我們的設(shè)備并隱私監(jiān)視它們,記錄它們所做的一切。由此推知,畫線詞them指代的是前面提到的devices。故選D項。2.B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的“...bycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedakindofspywareto‘provideauthorisedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime’.”可知,這些公司研發(fā)某種間諜軟件,為所授權(quán)的政府供應有助于打擊恐怖行動和犯罪的科技。故選B項。3.C解析推理推斷題。由題干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句,且依據(jù)第三段的“Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedvirustoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandsoon.”可知,這種疼惜技術(shù)很難阻擋惡意軟件獲得隱私。故選C項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了凱特從小就愛好飛行,以及她為了實現(xiàn)成為一名飛行員的幻想所做出的努力。4.C解析代詞指代題。依據(jù)畫線詞前一句提到的“Katehasalwaysconsideredflyingaplaneoneofherpassions”和其次段開頭提到的“...itwasanextraordinaryopportunitytorealiseherdream.”可知,凱特從小就愛好飛行,駕駛飛機是她的幻想。由此推想,that指代“她想成為一名飛行員的幻想”。故選C項。5.D解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的“Theprogramme’smissionistoprovideallthetrainingnecessarytoobtainaprivatepilot’slicense(PPL)forstudentsinbetweentheirjuniorandsenioryearofhighschoolfreeofcharge.”可知,它的目標是讓想成為私人飛行員的中學生做好相應的打算。故選D項。6.B解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的“...recipientsofthescholarshipwouldattendgroundschoolinpersonwheretheylearnthefundamentalsofflying.”和“...Kateandthreepeersputintwostraightweeksofgroundschool,reviewingflighttraining...”可知,凱特在地面學?；仡欙w行的基礎(chǔ)學問。故選B項。7.D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的內(nèi)容可推斷,凱特很有志向;再依據(jù)最終一段中凱特所說的話“It