中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)名詞的用法知識(shí)講解一、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)ReadingFrenchbooksiseasierthanspeakingit.Walkingismysoleexercise.Talkingmendsnoholes.（諺）空談無(wú)濟(jì)于事。Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。注：1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞放到句子后面。常見(jiàn)句型:①I(mǎi)t'+adj(useless,hopeless,nice,good,interesting,expensive,worthwhile)+doingsth．②It's+adj(nouse,nogood,fun,agreatpleasure,awonder,awasteoftime)+doingsth.【例】Itisuselessspeaking.光說(shuō)沒(méi)用。It’shopelessarguingaboutit.爭(zhēng)辯這事沒(méi)有用。Itisniceseeingyouagain．Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper．Itisexpensiverunningthiscar．開(kāi)這種小車(chē)是浪費(fèi)。Isitworthwhilequarrelingwithher?Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本書(shū)是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2)“Thereis+no”后可以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示“沒(méi)法…”：Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.沒(méi)法知道他能做什么。二、動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Seeingisbelieving.（諺）眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。三、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)1）可加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn)admit承認(rèn)avoid避免appreciate感激，欣賞advocate提倡，主張bear忍受complete完成can'thelp不禁can'tstand受不了consider考慮deny否認(rèn)delay延遲dislike不喜歡，討厭excuse借口enjoy享有，喜愛(ài)envy嫉妒escape逃跑，逃避fancy幻想，愛(ài)好finish完成，結(jié)束forgive原諒hate討厭厭惡imagine設(shè)想involve卷入，包含keep保持mind介意mention說(shuō)到，講到miss錯(cuò)過(guò)permit允許pardon原諒，饒恕prevent阻止practise實(shí)行，實(shí)踐quit放棄停止resist抵抗，阻止recall回想risk冒險(xiǎn)save營(yíng)救，儲(chǔ)蓄stand堅(jiān)持，忍受，suggest建議【例】Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.Headmittedtakingthemoney.Fancymeetingyou!Toraisewagesmeansincreasingpurchasingpower.Hedidntrecallsayingit.Henevercanresistmakingajoke.Thegardenneeds/wants/requireswatering.花園需要被澆水2)有些動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，（1）兩者意思不同Iremembertellingyouaboutit.Remembertotellhimaboutit.I’llneverforgethearingChaliapinsinginginthatopera.Heforgottobringhisumbrella.We’vealwaysregrettedsellingthefarm。Iregrettotellyouthatmyfatherisill.我遺憾的告訴你我父親病了。Trydoingmoreexercises;you’llsoonloseweight.I’lltrytoimprove.我將設(shè)法改進(jìn)。Shecouldn’thelpfeelingdepressed.Allthishelped(to)raisefarmyields.這一切幫助提高了農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)需要理了。Somebodywantstoseeyou.有人想見(jiàn)你。Thepantsneedpressing.這條褲子需要熨燙。Idon’tthinkyouneedtoworryaboutit.Hestoppedtotalktous.他停下來(lái)和我們說(shuō)話。Hestoppedtalkingtous.他停止和我們交談。Goontodo繼續(xù)做不同的事goondoing續(xù)做相同的事meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味著做某事（2）有一些區(qū)別，在like,love,prefer,hate,dread等動(dòng)詞后，動(dòng)名詞多表示習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常的情況，不定式多表示即將發(fā)生或具體一次的事：Oh,Ipreferbeingalone.Wepreferredtowalkthere.Shedreadsseeingthem.Idreadtothinkwhatmayhappen.有時(shí)兩者可以換用，意思上沒(méi)有差別：Hehatedthinking(tothink)aboutit.Sheloveshaving(tohave)lotsofyoungmenroundher.(3)在begin，Start，intend，continue后跟動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以。Ithasstartedraining(torain).開(kāi)始下雨了。Thebandbeganplaying(toplay).樂(lè)隊(duì)開(kāi)始演奏。Heintendedcoming(tocome)backsoon.他打算不久就回來(lái)。Shecontinuedworking(towork)asifnothinghadhappened.區(qū)別：在begin，Start，不定式多表示情況發(fā)生變化,而動(dòng)名詞表示有意識(shí)地開(kāi)始或停止.Suddenlyitstartedtorain.天突然下起雨來(lái)。Philipbegantocry.菲利普哭了起來(lái)。Webeganmakingpreparitionsforthetrip.我們開(kāi)始作旅行的準(zhǔn)備。注意:在以-ing結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后不宜再用動(dòng)名詞，以避免-ing的重復(fù)：Hewasbeginningtomissher.他開(kāi)始惦記她。It’sstartingtorain.天開(kāi)始下起雨來(lái)。3)、作動(dòng)介詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)beusedto習(xí)慣于beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于beequalto勝任begivento沉溺于beopposedto反對(duì)berelatedto與……有關(guān)devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto獻(xiàn)身于giveriseto引起getdownto著手leadto導(dǎo)致lookforwardto期望objectto反對(duì)payattentionto注意putone'smindto全神貫注于stickto堅(jiān)持withaviewto準(zhǔn)備bekeenon急著bequitecapableof很有可能befedupwith煩besickof煩accusehimof指責(zé)chargethemwith指控forfearof不敢suspectehimof懷疑setabout著手consistin在于How/whatabout【例】Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.Theywillputoffdoingituntilnextyear.Eventhenshecarriedontalking.Whydoyoupersistinwritingsuchthings?Robbiecouldn’tkeepfromlaughing.四、動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)1）動(dòng)名詞表示該名詞的用途【例】boxingcompetition拳擊比賽swimmingpool游泳池speakingcontest演講比賽sleepingbag睡袋sleepingpill安眠藥片writingdesk寫(xiě)字臺(tái)writingpaper信紙2）介詞+動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)：Heisgoodattheartofmakingfriends.他堪諳交友之道。Iadmiredhisskillatdriving.我佩服他開(kāi)車(chē)的技術(shù)。Hehadthechance(opportunity)ofvisitingBeijing.Idonotlikeherwayoftalking.我不喜歡她的講話方式。五、介詞+動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成狀語(yǔ)：Basswaitedalittlewhilebeforemakinguphismind.Afterstandinginthequeueforanhour,wegottwotickets.And,indoingso,hefellintocontraditions.Onreachingthecity,hecalledupLester.Idon’tblameyouforbeingcautious.Whathashedonebesidesreadingthepaper?Thereisnothingtogainbywaiting.坐等不會(huì)有收獲。Withoutwaitingforanyreply,helefttheroom.HehadnotboughtanewsuitsincecomingtoOxford.Shedissusdedmefromdoingit.她勸我不要做那事。六、動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成的合成名詞1）“動(dòng)名詞+名詞”：waitingroom候車(chē)（診）室waitinglist候選人名單parkinglot(space)停車(chē)場(chǎng)（位）checkingaccount活期賬戶bankingsystem銀行系統(tǒng)sewingmachine縫紉機(jī)printing-press印刷機(jī)hearingaid助聽(tīng)器operatingtable手術(shù)臺(tái)2）“形容詞（名詞）+動(dòng)名詞”構(gòu)成：deep-ploughing深耕close-planing密植job-hunting找工作sight-seeing觀光window-shopping逛商店（只看不買(mǎi)）3）名詞化的動(dòng)名詞可數(shù)名詞：painting畫(huà)saying俗話warning警告meaning意思ending結(jié)局feeling感覺(jué)不可數(shù)名詞boating劃船bowling打保齡球surfing沖浪dancing跳舞mountaineering登山常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：findings調(diào)查結(jié)果savings積蓄surroundings環(huán)境sufferings苦難earnings掙的錢(qián)belongings財(cái)物【例】Dickensoftengaverendingsofhisworks.狄更斯常常朗讀自己的作品。Whodidthecooking?誰(shuí)做的飯？Ialwaysenjoyalittlelightreading.我一向喜歡讀點(diǎn)輕松的東西Hecouldnotanalyzehisfeeling.他沒(méi)法分析自己的感情。Takegoodcareofyourbelongings.3）固定說(shuō)法Nosmoking.禁止吸煙。Noloitering.不許在此逗留。Nospitting.禁止吐痰。Noparking。禁止泊車(chē)。七、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)One’sdoing動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作：a).主語(yǔ)：Yourcomingtohelpisagreatencouragementtome.你們來(lái)幫忙對(duì)我是很大的鼓舞。Hergoingoffinsuchahurryisveryrisky.她這樣匆忙離去很危險(xiǎn)。Jane’snothavingreceivedpropertrainingwastoherdisadvantage.Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtov