Module2TheRenaissance

詞匯短語(yǔ)

1.appealv.懇求；呼吁

搭配：

(1)appealtosb(forsth)(為某事)呼吁/懇請(qǐng)某人

Heappealedtohisfriendsforhelp.

他向朋友們請(qǐng)求幫助。

(2)appealtosbtodosth呼吁/懇請(qǐng)某人做某事

Thepoliceappealedtothecrowdtokeepcalm.

警察呼吁群眾保持冷靜。

(1)appealv.上訴；有吸引力

搭配：

appealagainststh不服某事而上訴

Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.

他對(duì)被判五年有期徒刑提出上訴。

appealtosb迎合某人的愛(ài)好；吸引某人

TheideaappealedtoMary.

這主意正合瑪麗的心意。

(2)appealn.呼吁，懇求；上訴；吸引力

Thecountryhasmadeanappealforhelptotheworld.

那個(gè)國(guó)家向世界求助。

Thenewfashionsoonlostitsappeal.

這種新潮流很快就失去了吸引力。

2.lossn.丟失；喪失

Thelossofherpursecausedhermuchinconvenience.

丟失錢包給她帶來(lái)了諸多不便。

Thelossofincomeforthegovernmentisabout$250millionamonth.

政府收入每月減少大概2.5億美元。

3.seekv.尋找；尋求

Wesought(for)ananswertothequestion,butcouldntfindone.

我們尋求這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案，可是沒(méi)能找到。

Mostmenseekwealth;allmenseekhappiness.

大多數(shù)人尋求財(cái)富，每個(gè)人都追求幸福。

seekadvice/help/permission征求建議/尋求幫助/征求同意

seekfame追求名利

seekonesfortune尋找致富(或成功)的機(jī)會(huì)

seekfor/after尋求；追求

seeksthfromsb向某人尋求某物

seektodosth試圖做某事

辨析：

比較seek,find和search

(1)seek"尋找;探索”，一般用于抽象意義，有時(shí)也表示渴望得到某一

具體的東西，是比較正式的書(shū)面用語(yǔ)。它既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及

物動(dòng)詞，作不及物動(dòng)詞表“尋找；探索”時(shí)，既可接after也可接for。

(2)find“找到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”的結(jié)果。

(3)search"搜尋;搜查”，后接要搜查的場(chǎng)所;后接人時(shí)指“搜身”。

4.blamen.(對(duì)錯(cuò)事或壞事應(yīng)付的)責(zé)任

搭配：

(1)accept/bear/taketheblameforsth對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任

Youmustbeartheblamefortheaccident.

你必須承擔(dān)造成這次事故的責(zé)任。

Wewerereadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.

我們?cè)笇?duì)所發(fā)生的事負(fù)責(zé)。

(2)put/laytheblameonsb(將某事)歸咎于某人

Shellputtheblameonusifitturnsoutbadly.

如果結(jié)果糟糕，她將會(huì)怪罪于我們。

Heistryingtolaytheblameonme.

他企圖把責(zé)任推給我。

blamev.責(zé)備；指責(zé)；把……歸咎于

搭配：

(1)blamesbforsth/doingsth為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事

Manychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesin

speakingEnglish.

許多孩子害怕講英語(yǔ)時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤受到責(zé)備。

Heblamedhisteachersforhisfailure.

他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。

(2)blamesthonsb把某事歸咎于某人

ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJackscarelessdriving.

警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。

It'snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.

把我們的失敗歸罪在他頭上是沒(méi)用的。

(3)betoblame(forsth)(對(duì)壞事)負(fù)有責(zé)任

注意：此處不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Thechildrenwerenottoblamefortheaccident.

那次事故怪不著孩子們。

Heismoretoblamethanyou.

是他更應(yīng)受責(zé)備，而不是你。

Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?

這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)該由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)？

5.leavefor出發(fā)去某地

(1)“l(fā)eavefor+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”

NextFriday,AliceisleavingforLondon.

F周五，愛(ài)麗斯要去倫敦。

Heleftforthefronttwoweeksago.

兩星期前，他出發(fā)去了前線。

（2）“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地去某地”

WhyareyouleavingShanghaiforBeijing?

你為什么要離開(kāi)上海去北京？

6.leadto導(dǎo)致，通向，通往

AllroadsleadtoRome.

條條道路通羅馬。

Undergivenconditions,abadthingcanleadtogoodresults.

在一定條件下，一件壞事可以導(dǎo)致好的結(jié)果。

Anordinarycoldcansoonleadtoafever.

一場(chǎng)普通的感冒很快便會(huì)引起高燒。

辨析：

比較leadto和resultin

Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.

Thisinvestmentprogramwillleadtothecreationofnewjobs.

從以上句子可以看到，leadto的主語(yǔ)（即引起事情發(fā)生的主動(dòng)方）多是

一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的動(dòng)作或計(jì)劃，其賓語(yǔ)（即被引起的事情）無(wú)嚴(yán)格的消極與積極之

分，而且多用于描述客觀的可能性和對(duì)未來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè)。

Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.

Thesepoliciesresultedinmanyelderlyanddisabledpeoplesuffering

hardship.

從以上句子可以看到，resultin的主語(yǔ)多是靜態(tài)、客觀的一件事或物，其

賓語(yǔ)通常是不良或消極的結(jié)果，而且多用于描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事件。

7.takeup從事，開(kāi)始做（某項(xiàng)工作）

Afterheretiredfromoffice,Rogerstookuppaintingforawhile,but

soonlostinterest.

羅杰斯退休以后開(kāi)始畫(huà)畫(huà)，但沒(méi)多久就失去興趣了。

HehadstudiedJapaneseforayearandahalfbeforehetookup

English.

他開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)之前已經(jīng)學(xué)了一年半日語(yǔ)。

Wetookupphysicalchemistryatcollege.

在大學(xué)我們選學(xué)了物理化學(xué)課。

Thescientisthastakenupanewsubject.

這位科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開(kāi)始研究一個(gè)新的課題。

(1)takeup(time/space)占用(時(shí)間)/占據(jù)(空間)

Thatbigtabletakesuptoomuchroom.

那張大桌子占的地方太大了。

LearningEnglishtakesupalotofmytime.

學(xué)英語(yǔ)占了我許多時(shí)間。

Thatboytookmytimeupwithhisquestions.

那個(gè)男孩的問(wèn)題浪費(fèi)了我的時(shí)間。

(2)takeup繼續(xù)；接著講

Wetookupourjourneythenextday.

第二天我們繼續(xù)趕路。

Thischaptertakesupwherethelastoneleftoff.

本章繼續(xù)上一章談到的內(nèi)容。

(3)takeup接納(乘客等)；接受(挑戰(zhàn)、建議、條件等)

Thebusstoppedtotakeuppassengers.

公共汽車停下來(lái)讓乘客上車。

Hehastakenupthebet.

他已接受打賭的條件。

(4)takeup提出(商討)，討論

There'sanothermatterwhichweoughttotakeup.

還有一件事我們要提出來(lái)商量。

跟蹤練

閱讀理解

A

AuthorWalterDeanMyersdiedattheageof76afterabriefillness.He

wastheauthorofmorethan100booksforchildrenandyoungadultsand

receivedmanytopawards.

Theprolificauthorwaslovedforhisvividdescriptionofthelivesof

AfricanAmericanchildren,andforwritingbooksforyoungpeoplethat

covereddifficultsubjectslikewarandviolence."Drugs,drive-by

shootings,wastedlives—Myershaswrittenaboutallthesesubjectswith

deepunderstandingandahard-won,qualifiedsenseofhope,"said

LeonardS.Marcus.

Hewasbornin1937andwasadoptedbyFlorenceandHerbertDean

afterhismotherdiedwhenhewas18monthsold.Theylovedhimvery

muchandhisadoptivemotherreadtohimfromaveryyoungage.Reading

pushedhimtodiscoverworldsbeyondhislandscape.

Hebeganwritingatanearlyage.Hewrotewellinhighschoolandan

Englishteacherrecognizedthisandadvisedhimtokeeponwritingno

matterwhathappenedtohim."Itswhatyoudo,"shesaid.

Hedroppedoutofhighschoolat17andjoinedthearmy.Afterfinishing

hisservice,heenteredadarkperiodinhislife.Myersbeganwritingat

nighttopullhimselfthroughthatmiserabletime.

InaNewYorkTimesessaypublishedseveralyearsago,Myers

describedhowashortstorybyJamesBaldwinhelpedchangethecourse

ofhislife,"Ididn'tlovethestory,butIwasliftedbyit,Mhewrote,"for

ittookplaceinHarlem,anditwasastoryconcernedwithblackpeople

likethoseIknew.Hisstoryhumanizedme.Thestorygavemea

permissionthatIdidn'tknowIneeded,thepermissiontowriteaboutmy

ownlandscape,myownmap."

"IwritebooksorthetroubledboyIoncewas,"hewrote,"andforthe

boywholiveswithinmestill."

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prolific"inParagraph2probably

mean?

A.Productive.B.Unfortunate.

C.Conservative.D.Humorous.

2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?

A.HowpopularMyerswas.

B.HowMyersbecamesuccessful.

C.WhatmakesMyersworkspopular.

D.WhatpeoplethinkofMyersworks.

3.WhodiscoveredMyerswritingtalent?

A.JamesBaldwin.B.Hisadoptivemother.

C.LeonardS.Marcus.D.Oneofhisteachers.

4.WhywastheshortstorybyJamesBaldwinsoimportantforMyers?

A.Ithelpedhimsurvivethedarkperiod.

B.Itinspiredhimtoseekhiswritingcareer.

C.Helearnedmanywritingtechniquesfromit.

D.Hechangedhisviewaboutwritingstories.

B

TheworksofShakespeareandWordsworthareboosters（助推器）to

thebrainandbetterthansomeguidebooks,researcherssaid.

Scientists,psychologistsandEnglishexpertsatLiverpoolUniversity

havefoundthatreadingtheworksofShakespeareandotherclassical

writershasabeneficialeffectonthemind,catchesthereader'sattention

andtriggersmomentsofself-reflection.Usingscanners,theymonitored

thebrainactivityofvolunteersastheyreadworksbyWilliamShakespeare,

WilliamWordsworth,T.S.Eliotandotherclassicalwriters.

Theythen"translated"theoriginaltextsintomore"straightforward"

modernlanguageandagainmonitoredthereader'sbrainsastheyreadthe

words.Scansshowedthatthemore"challenging"essaysandpoetryset

offfarmoreelectricalactivityinthebrainthanthemuchplainerversions.

Scientistswereabletostudythebrainactivityasitrespondedtoeach

wordandrecordhowit"litup"asthereadersencounteredunusualwords,

surprisingphrasesordifficultsentencestructures.This"lightingup"ofthe

mindlastslonger,shifting（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)）thebraintoahigherspeed,

encouragingfurtherreading.

Theresearchalsofoundthatreadingpoetry,inparticular,increases

activityintherightsideofthebrain,helpingreaderstoreflectontheir

ownexperiences,whichtheycomparewithwhattheyhaveread.This,

accordingtotheresearchers,meantthattheclassicalworksweremore

usefulthanguidebooks.

PhilipDavis,anEnglishprofessor,believes"Theresearchshowsthe

powerofliteraturetoshiftthinkingpatterns,tocreatenewthoughts,

shapesandconnectionsintheyoungandadultsalike."

5.Accordingtothetext,readingclassicalworkscan___.

A.improveourreadingskills

B.benefitourmindandthinking

C.helpslearnmoreabouthistory

D.helpdealwithphysicalproblems

6.Howdidthescientistsandexpertsdotheexperiment?

A.Bylearningthehabitsofthereaders.

B.Byreadingworksofdifferentwriters.

C.Byscanningthereader'sbrainactivities.

D.Bylightinguptheactivitiesofthebrains.

7.WhatcanwelearnaboutreadingpoetryfromParagraph4?

A.Ithasthesameeffectsasreadingguidebooks.

B.Itsconcernedwiththerightsideofthebrain.

C.Ithelpsreaderslearnmoredifficultgrammar.

D.Itmakesreadersforgetabouttheirtroubles.

8.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Topresentastudyonbrainactivities.

B.Toshowthepowerofclassicalliterature.

C.Tointroducearesearchonreadingclassics.

D.ToappreciatewhatgreatwritersinEnglandhavedone.

閱讀七選五

Therearemanyfactorswhichmayhaveaninfluenceonadultsand

childrenbeingabletoleadahealthylife.

Nowadays,peopleareverybusy.Childrenareexpectedtotakeon

moreresponsibilityathometohelptheirparents.Theyalsohavesporting

andleisureactivitiesaswellasschoolexpectations.

Thebusynessalsoaddsanotherfactor：Theneedtousecarstoget

fromoneplacetoanotherquickly.Computers,DVDs,CDs,television,

PlayStationsandXboxeshavebecomemajorleisureactivities,rather

thantraditionalmoreactivepursuits（消遣）.Thishasledtoalifestyleof

lessexercis