03選擇性必修第一冊高考題型綜合訓練一、閱讀理解（一）MarieCurie,borninSklodovka,Polandin1876,ledahardlifeasagirl.Herparents,bothteachers,hadsmallsalariesandwerequitepoor,especiallyafterhermotherstoppedteachingtoraisefivechildrenandtakecareofherpoorhealth.Marie’smothersufferedfromtuberculosis(肺結核)anddiedofitwhenMariewasten.WhenMariewassmall,sheshowedgreatinterestinscience.Shelovedtostudyandhopedtobeeascientistwhenshegrewup.Herparentsencouragedherinterestinscience.Excellentasshewasinherstudies,shecouldn’tgoonwiththeadvancededucationsheneededbecausePolandwasthenruledbyRussiaandwomenwerenotpermittedtogotocollege.Inordertocontinuehereducation,shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversity,whereshelivedasimplelifeandstudiedhard,soshegraduatedwiththehighestgradesinherclass.AftergraduationshewasengagedinscientificresearchinParisUniversity.ThereshemetPierreCurie,whomshemarried.Pierrejoinedherinherresearchintoanunknownphenomenon“radiation”,whichacertainscientisthaddeclaredthaturaniumgaveoff.TheCuriespentseveralyearstryingtheirbesttofindtheelementthatproducedradiation.Finallytheysucceededin1902.MarieCuriewontwoNobelPrizes,oneforphysicsin1906,togetherwithherhusbandandanotherscientist;theotherforchemistryherselfin1911.MadameCuriewasascientistofgreatachievement,andthefirstwomanevertobehonoredintheNobelPrizehistory.1．WhenMariewasyoung,herfamilybecamepoorerbecause________.A．thefamilyhadfivechildren B．Marie’smothergaveupherjobC．Marie’sfatherhadasmallsalary D．thefamilywascruellytaxedbytheRussians2．Mariecouldn’tcontinuetheadvancededucationbecause_______.A．shewantedtohelpherfathertosupportthefamilyB．herfathercouldn’taffordtosendhertocollegeC．collegesinPolandwouldnottakewomenasstudentsthenD．hergradeswereverypoor3．WhatprovesMariewasthebeststudentinherclassisthat________.A．hergradeswerethehighestinherclassB．shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversityC．shedidresearchworkafterhergraduationD．shewontheNobelPrizefinally4．Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A．MadameCurie’sInterestinScience B．MadameCurieandRadiationC．MarieCurie’sChildhood D．ABriefIntroductionofMadameCurie’sLife【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了居里夫人的艱苦生活和她在科學上的偉大成就。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Herparents,bothteachers,hadsmallsalariesandwerequitepoor,especiallyafterhermotherstoppedteachingtoraisefivechildrenandtakecareofherpoorhealth.(她的父母都是教師，工資很低，而且很窮，尤其是在她母親為了撫養(yǎng)五個孩子和照顧她不好的身體而停止教學之后。)”可知，居里夫人的媽媽放棄了工作來撫養(yǎng)五個孩子和照顧自己身體的時候，家里更貧窮了。故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Excellentasshewasinherstudies,shecouldn’tgoonwiththeadvancededucationsheneededbecausePolandwasthenruledbyRussiaandwomenwerenotpermittedtogotocollege.(盡管她的學習成績很好，但她無法繼續(xù)接受她所需要的高等教育，因為當時波蘭被俄羅斯統(tǒng)治，女性不允許上大學。)”可知，當時的波蘭學校里是不收女學生的，C項符合題意。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inordertocontinuehereducation,shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversity,whereshelivedasimplelifeandstudiedhard,soshegraduatedwiththehighestgradesinherclass.(為了繼續(xù)深造，她克服了重重困難，考入了巴黎大學。在巴黎大學，她生活簡單，學習刻苦，所以她以全班第一的成績畢業(yè)。)”可知，她畢業(yè)時的分數(shù)是班上最高的。由此推斷，這個事實可以表明她是班上最棒的學生。故選A。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要介紹了居里夫人的人生中一些重要的事情。所以“ABriefIntroductionofMadameCurie’sLife(居里夫人的生活簡介)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選D。（二）Imagineifyourclothescouldpickupthesoundsofeverythinggoingonaroundyou.Scientistshavecreatedafibre(纖維)whichcanpickupsoundsandcouldbeusedasahearingaid,tomonitorheartbeatsoreveninspacecraft.Thenewfibreworkslikeamicrophone.Itpicksupsoundsandturnsthemintovibrations(震動)andthenelectricalsignals,inasimilarwaytohowearswork.Whenwoven(編織)intoashirt,theresearcherssaythefibrecanevendetectawearer’sheartbeat.Thefibrecanhearsoundsaslowasthoseinaquietlibrarytoloudersoundslikeheavyroadtraffic.Itcanevenaccuratelytellthedirectionofsuddensoundslikehandclaps.ThefibrewascreatedbyengineersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andresearchersatRhodeIslandSchoolofDesign.“Wearingapieceofclothingthatcanhear,youmighttalkthroughittoanswerphonecallsandmunicatewithothers,”saidleadauthorYetWan,whocreatedthetechnologyatMIT.Oncetheyhadcreatedthefibre,theteamwoveitintoamoretraditionalpieceofclothingwhichwasmuchmoreflexible.Whenitwaswovenintothebackofashirtitwasabletopickupthesoundofpeopleclapping,evenpickingupthedirectiontheclappingwasingfrom.Whenwovenintotheshirt’sinnerlining(內(nèi)襯)itcouldpickuptheperson’sheartbeat,whichtheresearchersthinkcouldbeusedinapregnantwoman’sclothestomonitorababy’sheartbeat.Aswellaswearablehearingaids,andclothesthattrackyourheartbeat,theteamsaystherearepossibilitiesbeyondclothing.“Itcanbeintegratedwithspacecraftskintolistentospacedust,orembeddedinto(嵌入)buildingstodetectcracksorstrains,”Yetsuggests.“Itcanevenbewovenintoasmartnettomonitorfishintheocean.”5．Whatisthescientists’newinvention?A．Alightweightfibre. B．Anewspacecraftskin.C．Afibrethatcanhear. D．Amicrophonethatcantalk.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewmaterial?A．Itiseasilydistractedbyloudsounds.

B．Itcanevenpickupfaintsounds.C．Itworksmoreaccuratelythanhumanears.D．Itfailstorecognisethedirectionofsounds.7．Whatdidtheteamdoaftercreatingthenewmaterial?A．Theywoveitintobabies’clothes. B．Theyturneditintoafishnet.C．Theyputitintomassproduction. D．Theytesteditsperformance.8．WhatdoYet’swordsinthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Thefibrehasawiderangeofapplications. B．Thefibrecanbringinabigprofit.C．Thefibreneedstobeimproved. D．Thefibreislessflexiblethantraditionalclothes.【答案】5．C6．B7．D8．A【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了科學家發(fā)明出能聽到聲音的纖維，這種纖維不僅能制成衣服監(jiān)測心跳，還有望應用在更廣泛的領域如太空飛船、建筑安全和海洋探索中。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Scientistshavecreatedafibre(纖維)whichcanpickupsounds…(科學家發(fā)明了一種可以接收聲音的纖維……)”可知，科學家的新發(fā)明是一種能聽到聲音的纖維。故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thefibrecanhearsoundsaslowasthoseinaquietlibrarytoloudersoundslikeheavyroadtraffic.(這種纖維可以聽到像安靜的圖書館里那樣低的聲音，也可以聽到像繁忙的道路交通那樣大的聲音。)”可知，這種新材料能聽到微弱的聲音。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Oncetheyhadcreatedthefibre,theteamwoveitintoamoretraditionalpieceofclothingwhichwasmuchmoreflexible.Whenitwaswovenintothebackofashirtitwasabletopickupthesoundofpeopleclapping,evenpickingupthedirectiontheclappingwasingfrom.Whenwovenintotheshirt’sinnerlining(內(nèi)襯)itcouldpickuptheperson’sheartbeat,whichtheresearchersthinkcouldbeusedinapregnantwoman’sclothestomonitorababy’sheartbeat.(一旦他們制造出這種纖維，該團隊就把它編織成一件更傳統(tǒng)、更靈活的衣服。當它被編織到襯衫的后面時，它能夠捕捉到人們鼓掌的聲音，甚至可以識別出鼓掌的方向。當它被織進襯衫的內(nèi)襯時，它可以捕捉到人的心跳，研究人員認為，這可以用在孕婦的衣服上，來監(jiān)測嬰兒的心跳。)”可知，科學家發(fā)明出這種材料之后就對其性能進行了測試。故選D。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“theteamsaystherearepossibilitiesbeyondclothing.“Itcanbeintegratedwithspacecraftskintolistentospacedust,orembeddedinto(嵌入)buildingstodetectcracksorstrains,”Yetsuggests.“Itcanevenbewovenintoasmartnettomonitorfishintheocean.”(該團隊表示，除了服裝之外，還有其他可能性。Yet建議:“它可以與航天器外殼集成以收聽太空塵埃，或者嵌入建筑物以檢測裂縫或應變。”“它甚至可以編織成一個智能網(wǎng)來監(jiān)測海洋中的魚類?！?”可知，這種材料除了制作成衣服之外還可能有更加廣泛的用途。故選A。（三）InordertosurvivetripstoMars,humansneedoxygen.Now,ateamofscientistshasdesignedarobotthatcouldextractoxygenfromwaterontheRedPlanet.Therobot,whichiscalled“AIchemist”,usedamachinelearningmodeltofindapoundthatcouldigniteanoxygenproducingchemicalreactiononMars.Thepound,knownasacatalyst(催化劑),ismadeentirelyfromelementsfoundinMartianmeteorites(隕石)—whichmeans,ifsuchasystemcouldworkreliably,spacetravelerswouldnotneedtobringoxygenoreventhecatalystneededtoproduceit.Mars’atmospherecontainsonlytraceamountsofoxygen.Butscientistshavedetectedevidenceofliquidwaterbeneaththeplanet’ssouthernicecap.Tocreatethebreathablegas,researcherswantedtofindawaytobreakdownthiswaterintoitshydrogenandoxygenmoleculesusingmaterialsfoundonMars.TheirrobotanalyzedfivemeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorhadapositionsimilartothatoftheMartiansurface.Usingalaser,itidentifiedsignificantamountsofiron,nickel,calcium,magnesium,aluminumandmanganeseinthesamples.Fromthesesixelements,therobot’salgorithm(算法)determineditcouldproducemorethan3.7millionpossiblemoleculestobreakdownwaterandformoxygenonMars.Accordingtotheresearchers,findingthebestonefromthisextensivelistwouldtakeroughly2,000yearsofhumanlabor,butfortheAIchemist,ittookonlyweeks.“OntheEarth,wedon’tusethesesixelements,”YiLuo,acoauthorofthestudysays.“Theyarenotthebestchoicesforcatalysts,butit’sonlywhatyou’vegotonMars.”Withitschosencatalyst,thesystemcouldproduceoxygenfromtheMartianmaterialsataround37℃,demonstratingthechemicalreactioncouldbepossibleonthecoldMartiansurface.Notably,therobotwasabletocarryouttheentireprocess—analyzingtherocksamples,identifyingtheJestpossiblecatalystandproducingitwithouthumanintervention.9．Whatinspiredthescientiststodesigntherobotthatcouldextractoxygen?A．SurvivingontheEarth. B．TripstoMars.C．TravelingontheMoon. D．Watershortage.10．WhatisthebasisofextractingoxygenonMars?A．TheexistenceofwaterandcatalystonMars. B．TheoxygenthatMars’atmospherecontains.C．Thescientists’previousstudyonmeteorites. D．Thelowcostof“AIchemist”.11．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Thefindingofsixelements. B．Theadvantagesoftherobots.C．Theprocessofproducingoxygen. D．Theformationofthemeteorites.12．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowards“AIchemist”?A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.【答案】9．B10．A11．C12．C【導語】這是一篇說明文。為了在火星之旅中生存下來，人類需要氧氣?，F(xiàn)在，一組科學家設計了一種機器人，可以從紅色星球上的水中提取氧氣。文章主要介紹了這種可以提取氧氣的機器人。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“InordertosurvivetripstoMars,humansneedoxygen.Now,ateamofscientistshasdesignedarobotthatcouldextractoxygenfromwaterontheRedPlanet.(為了在火星之旅中生存下來，人類需要氧氣?，F(xiàn)在，一組科學家設計了一種機器人，可以從紅色星球上的水中提取氧氣)”可知，去火星旅行啟發(fā)了科學家們設計出可以提取氧氣的機器人。故選B。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thepound,knownasacatalyst(催化劑),ismadeentirelyfromelementsfoundinMartianmeteorites(隕石)—whichmeans,ifsuchasystemcouldworkreliably,spacetravelerswouldnotneedtobringoxygenoreventhecatalystneededtoproduceit.(這種化合物被稱為催化劑，完全由火星隕石中的元素制成——這意味著，如果這樣的系統(tǒng)能夠可靠地工作，太空旅行者將不需要攜帶氧氣，甚至不需要制造氧氣所需的催化劑)”以及第三段“Butscientistshavedetectedevidenceofliquidwaterbeneaththeplanet’ssouthernicecap.Tocreatethebreathablegas,researcherswantedtofindawaytobreakdownthiswaterintoitshydrogenandoxygenmoleculesusingmaterialsfoundonMars.(但科學家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了火星南部冰蓋下存在液態(tài)水的證據(jù)。為了創(chuàng)造可呼吸的氣體，研究人員希望找到一種方法，利用火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)的材料將這些水分解成氫和氧分子)”可知，在火星上提取氧氣的基礎是火星上存在水和催化劑。故選A。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“TheirrobotanalyzedfivemeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorhadapositionsimilartothatoftheMartiansurface.Usingalaser,itidentifiedsignificantamountsofiron,nickel,calcium,magnesium,aluminumandmanganeseinthesamples.Fromthesesixelements,therobot’salgorithm(算法)determineditcouldproducemorethan3.7millionpossiblemoleculestobreakdownwaterandformoxygenonMars.Accordingtotheresearchers,findingthebestonefromthisextensivelistwouldtakeroughly2,000yearsofhumanlabor,butfortheAIchemist,ittookonlyweeks.(他們的機器人分析了五顆隕石，這些隕石要么來自火星，要么與火星表面的成分相似。利用激光，它在樣品中發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的鐵、鎳、鈣、鎂、鋁和錳。根據(jù)這六種元素，機器人的算法確定它可以產(chǎn)生超過370萬個可能的分子，在火星上分解水并形成氧氣。根據(jù)研究人員的說法，從這個廣泛的列表中找到最好的一個需要大約2000年的人類勞動，但對于人工智能化學家來說，只花了幾周的時間)”可知，第四段主要講了產(chǎn)生氧氣的過程。故選C。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Notably,therobotwasabletocarryouttheentireprocess—analyzingtherocksamples,identifyingtheJestpossiblecatalystandproducingitwithouthumanintervention.(值得注意的是，機器人能夠完成整個過程——分析巖石樣本，識別最可能的催化劑，并在沒有人工干預的情況下生產(chǎn))”可知，作者對“AI化學家”是支持態(tài)度。故選C。（四）Manyrobotstrackobjectsby“sight”astheyworkwiththem,butoptical(光學的)sensorscan’ttakeinanitem’sentireshapewhenit’sinthedarkorpartiallyblockedfromview.Nowanewlowcosttechniqueletsarobotichand“feel”anunfamiliarobject’sformandskillfullyhandleitbasedonthisinformationalone.UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,roboticistWangXiaolongandhisteamwantedtofindoutwhetherplexactionscouldbeachievedinroboticsusingonlysimpletouchdata.Theresearchersattached16contactsensors,eachcostingaboutandfingersofafourfingeredrobothand.Thesesensorssimplyindicateifanobjectistouchingthehandornot.“Whileonesensordoesn’tcatchmuch,alotofthemcanhelpyoucapturedifferentaspectsoftheobject”,Wangsays.Inthiscase,therobot’staskwastorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))itemsplacedinitspalm.Theyfirstransimulations(模擬)tocollectenoughtouchdataasavirtualrobothandpracticedrotatingobjects,includingballsandotherirregularobjects.Usinginformationfromeachsensor,theteambuiltaputermodelthatdeterminesanobject’spositionateverystepofthehandlingprocessandmovesthefingerstorotateitsmoothlyandstably.Next,theytransferredthiscapabilitytooperatearealrobothand,whichsuccessfullycontrolledpreviouslyunfamiliarobjectssuchasapples,tomatoes,soupcansandrubberducks.Transferingtheputermodeltotherealworldwasrelativelyeasybecausethesensordataweresosimple.However,NewYorkUniversity’sLerrelPinto,whostudiesrobots’interactions,wonderswhetherthesystemwouldfailatmoreplicatedtasks.So,infuturework,Wang’sgroupaimstotacklemoreplexmovementsaswellastoaddsensorsinplacessuchasthesidesofthefingers.“Thismeansthattherewillbemoreaccurateinformationfromtouchingthatallowsreconstructingtheobjectshape,”Wangsays.Theresearcherswillalsotryaddingvisiontoplementtouchdataforhandlingplicatedshapes.13．WhydidWangXiaolong’sgroupconducttheresearch?A．Todeveloparobotwithadvancedopticalsensors.B．Toexploretheuseoftouchdatainplexroboticactions.C．Toinvestigatetheimpactoflightingonroboticrecognition.D．Tocreatearobotichandtotakeholdoffamiliarobjects.14．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．ThefunctionofrobothandsinWang’sresearch.B．Thewaythatrobothandscapturedifferentobjects.C．Thetypeofcontactsensorsattachedtotherobothand.D．TheworkingprincipleofrobothandsinWang’sresearch.15．Howdidtheresearchersgathertouchdatafortherobotichand’straining?A．Theyusedrealworldobjects.B．Theyusedplexopticalsensors.C．Theyreliedonvisionbasedtechnology.D．Theyconductedsimulationswitharobothand.16．WhatisWangXiaolong’sattitudetowardsPinto’sconcernoverthesystem?A．Indifferent. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Dismissive.【答案】13．B14．D15．D16．C【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹的是一項新的低成本技術可以讓機器人手“感覺”一個不熟悉的物體的形狀，并根據(jù)這些信息就能熟練地處理它。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,roboticistWangXiaolongandhisteamwantedtofindoutwhetherplexactionscouldbeachievedinroboticsusingonlysimpletouchdata.(加州大學圣地亞哥分校的機器人專家王曉龍和他的團隊想要弄清楚，僅僅使用簡單的觸摸數(shù)據(jù)，機器人是否就能完成復雜的動作)”可知，王曉龍的團隊進行這項研究是為了探索觸摸數(shù)據(jù)在復雜機器人動作中的運用。故選B。14．段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theresearchersattached16contactsensors,eachcostingaboutandfingersofafourfingeredrobothand.Thesesensorssimplyindicateifanobjectistouchingthehandornot.“Whileonesensordoesn’tcatchmuch,alotofthemcanhelpyoucapturedifferentaspectsoftheobject”,Wangsays.Inthiscase,therobot’staskwastorotateitemsplacedinitspalm.(研究人員安裝了16個接觸式傳感器，每個傳感器的成本約為四指機器人手的兩根手指。這些傳感器只是指示一個物體是否接觸到手?！半m然一個傳感器不能捕捉到很多，但很多傳感器可以幫助你捕捉物體的不同方面，”王說。在這種情況下，機器人的任務是旋轉(zhuǎn)放在手掌中的物品)”可知，該段主要介紹模擬實驗中安裝了接觸式傳感器的機械手臂的工作原理。故選D。15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Theyfirstransimulationstocollectenoughtouchdataasavirtualrobothandpracticedrotatingobjects,includingballsandotherirregularobjects.Usinginformationfromeachsensor,theteambuiltaputermodelthatdeterminesanobject’spositionateverystepofthehandlingprocessandmovesthefingerstorotateitsmoothlyandstably.(他們首先進行模擬，以收集足夠的觸摸數(shù)據(jù)，讓虛擬機器人手練習旋轉(zhuǎn)物體，包括球和其他不規(guī)則物體。利用來自每個傳感器的信息，該團隊建立了一個計算機模型，該模型可以在處理過程的每一步確定物體的位置，并移動手指以平穩(wěn)地旋轉(zhuǎn)物體)”可知，研究者們是通過模擬實驗來搜集數(shù)據(jù)的。故選D。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“So,infuturework,Wang’sgroupaimstotacklemoreplexmovementsaswellastoaddsensorsinplacessuchasthesidesofthefingers.“Thismeansthattherewillbemoreaccurateinformationfromtouchingthatallowsreconstructingtheobjectshape,”Wangsays.Theresearcherswillalsotryaddingvisiontoplementtouchdataforhandlingplicatedshapes.(因此，在未來的工作中，王的團隊的目標是解決更復雜的運動，并在手指側(cè)面等地方添加傳感器。王說：“這意味著通過觸摸可以獲得更準確的信息，從而可以重建物體的形狀?！毖芯咳藛T還將嘗試添加視覺來補充觸摸數(shù)據(jù)，以處理復雜的形狀)”可知，其他同行對于他們的研究現(xiàn)狀有擔憂，王曉龍計劃在未來的工作中解決更復雜的問題，即他和他的團隊選擇以積極的態(tài)度去應對，進一步進行模擬實驗，完善他們的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。二、七選五（一）Foursurprisingwaysalgae(藻類)aredrivinginnovationAlgaecanbeadoubleedgedsword.Increasedhumanactivityandclimatechangehavecausedexplosionsofalgaepopulationsinwaterbodiesaroundtheworldsometimeschokingentireecosystemsofsunlightandoxygen.Eventhoughtheyaresocloselyassociatedwithhumanity’snegativeimpactonEarth,algaecouldalsoplaykeyrolesinhelpingfightpollution,viruses,andmore.17Filtering(過濾)water.Withmicroplasticpollutiondocumentedinalmostallwaterbodies,arecentstudyshowsthatthroughabsorption,algaecanhelpfiltermicroplasticsoutofwater.18Fuelingairtravel.19ResearchersataGermanalgaecultivationfacilityarealreadyusingittofueldrones.Theybelievethisandothersustainablefuelscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromairplanesbyupto80percent.Fightingviruses.Redalgaecanpreventthereplication(復制)ofsomeviruses,includingCOVID19,accordingtoa2020study.20Thus,itcouldbeeapowerfulmedicationtotreatHIV,thevirusthatcausesAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromes(AIDS).21In2019,freshwateralgaewerelaunchedintospacetoturnthecarbondioxideexhaled(呼出)byastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationintooxygen.Sincealgaearealsohighinprotein,theycouldreplaceupto30percentofastronautfoodinthefuture.A．Makingspacefoodmorenutritious.B．Makinglongtermspacetravelpossible.C．Theseareseveralwaysalgaearesolvingmodernproblems.D．Somealgaecanalsofilterchemicalsthatcanbeusedinfertilizers.E．Brownalgaehavebeenshowntostimulatethebody’simmunesystem.F．Algaecanproducemoreeffectivebiofuelsthantraditionalsourceslikesoybeans.G．Itaimstoharvestalgaeforenergywhilekeepingtheenvironmentpollutionfree.【答案】17．C18．D19．F20．E21．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了藻類推動創(chuàng)新的四種驚人方式。17．上文“Eventhoughtheyaresocloselyassociatedwithhumanity’snegativeimpactonEarth,algaecouldalsoplaykeyrolesinhelpingfightpollution,viruses,andmore.(盡管藻類與人類對地球的負面影響密切相關，但它們也可以在幫助對抗污染、病毒等方面發(fā)揮關鍵作用。)”說明藻類除了對地球的負面影響也有一些積極作用，選項C“這是藻類解決現(xiàn)代問題的幾種方法?！背薪由衔?，引出本文主題，介紹藻類的積極作用。故選C項。18．小標題“Filtering(過濾)water.(過濾水。)”說明藻類能夠過濾水。上文“Withmicroplasticpollutiondocumentedinalmostallwaterbodies,arecentstudyshowsthatthroughabsorption,algaecanhelpfiltermicroplasticsoutofwater.(幾乎所有的水體都有微塑料污染的記錄，最近的一項研究表明，通過吸收，藻類可以幫助過濾水中的微塑料。)”說明藻類的一種過濾作用，選項D“一些藻類還可以過濾用于肥料的化學物質(zhì)?！背薪由衔?，說明藻類的另一種過濾作用。故選D項。19．小標題“Fuelingairtravel.(為航空旅行提供燃料。)”說明藻類可以提供燃料，選項F“與大豆等傳統(tǒng)能源相比，藻類可以生產(chǎn)更有效的生物燃料。”承接小標題，說明藻類可以生產(chǎn)更有效的生物燃料。故選F項。20．下文“Thus,itcouldbeeapowerfulmedicationtotreatHIV,thevirusthatcausesAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromes(AIDS).(因此，它可能成為一種治療HIV的有效藥物，HIV是導致獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征(AIDS)的病毒。)”說明藻類可能成為一種治療HIV的有效藥物，選項E“褐藻已被證明可以刺激人體的免疫系統(tǒng)?！焙拖挛氖且蚬P系，因為褐藻可以刺激人體的免疫系統(tǒng)，所以對治療HIV有效。故選E項。21．下文“In2019,freshwateralgaewerelaunchedintospacetoturnthecarbondioxideexhaled(呼出)byastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationintooxygen.Sincealgaearealsohighinprotein,theycouldreplaceupto30percentofastronautfoodinthefuture.(2019年，淡水藻類被發(fā)射到太空，將國際空間站宇航員呼出的二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣。由于藻類也富含蛋白質(zhì)，未來它們可以取代高達30%的宇航員食物。)”說明藻類可為太空活動提供生活條件，使人們長期生活在太空，選項B“使長期太空旅行成為可能。”概括本段主題，適合做小標題。故選B項。（二）Thehistoryoftheschoolbuscandatebackto1886whentheWayneWorkspanymadehorsedrawncarriages(四輪馬車)knownas“schoolwagons”or“kidhacks”inIndiana.22Intheearly1900s,thecarindustrywasbeginningtodevelopfast.23Thepanymanagedtomakeitscarriagespoweredbyengines.Butthedesignremainedmostlythesameasthatofthepreviousones,withstudentssittingalongthewallsofthebuswhilefacinginside.In1927,amanbuiltthefirstbusthatprimarilyusedsteel.Beforelong,WayneWorksintroducedthefirstallsteelschoolbusbodywithsafetyglasswindows.24Thisledtoaturningpointinthehistoryoftheschoolbusin1939,whenaconferencewasorganisedatManhattanCollegetodevelopschoolbusstandards.Manynewnationalstandardswerecreated,determiningeverythingfromseatingdesignstothefamousyellowcolorthatschoolbusesstillsporttoday.Thereasonwhythecolorwaschosenwassimple.25Thecolorisespeciallyeasytoseeintheearlymorningandeveninglightwhenschoolbusesusuallyoperate.26Forexample,avarietyofchangeshavebeenmadetoenabletheschoolbustonotonlybesaferbutalsohavebetterfuel(燃料)economy,beeasiertodrive,etc.Themostcreativeapproachamongalloftheseisprobablyakindofstopsignalarmthatwarnstrafficofastopinprogress,whichstatesbegantorequireintheearly1950s.A．Horseswereeasytocontrol.B．Notallchosetopainttheirbusesyellow.C．Yellowisquiteeyecatchingtohumanbeings.D．Beforethen,manychildrensimplywalkedtoschool.E．Now,schoolbuseshavehadmanymoreimprovements.F．Still,parentswereincreasinglyconcernedforchildren’ssafety.G．ThisgaveWayneWorksagreatopportunitytoimproveitscarriages.【答案】22．D23．G24．F25．C26．E【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了校車的起源以及其發(fā)展的過程。22．根據(jù)上文“Thehistoryoftheschoolbuscandatebackto1886whentheWayneWorkspanymadehorsedrawncarriages(四輪馬車)knownas“schoolwagons”or“kidhacks”inIndiana.”（校車的歷史可以追溯到1886年，當時WayneWorks公司在印第安納州制造了被稱為“學校馬車”或“兒童馬車”的馬車。）可知，講的是校車的歷史。結合選項D項Beforethen,manychildrensimplywalkedtoschool.（在此之前，許多孩子只是步行上學。）可知，承接上文內(nèi)容，說明校車未出現(xiàn)之前孩子們是如何上學的，上下文緊密連接，符合語境。故選D項。23．根據(jù)上文“Intheearly1900s,thecarindustrywasbeginningtodevelopfast.”（20世紀初，汽車工業(yè)開始迅速發(fā)展。）以及下文“Thepanymanagedtomakeitscarriagespoweredbyengines.”（該公司設法使其馬車由發(fā)動機驅(qū)動。）由此可知，空格處應討論汽車工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展給WayneWorks公司帶來的影響。結合選項G項ThisgaveWayneWorksagreatopportunitytoimproveitscarriages.（這給了韋恩工廠一個改進車廂的好機會。）可知，起到上下文的承上啟下作用，G項中的“improveitscarriages”與下文中的“makeitscarriagespoweredbyengines”相照應。故選G項。24．根據(jù)上文“Beforelong,WayneWorksintroducedthefirstallsteelschoolbusbodywithsafetyglasswindows.”（不久，韋恩·沃克推出了第一輛全鋼車身和安全玻璃窗的校車。）提到推出了第一輛校車。以及下文“Thisledtoaturningpointinthehistoryoftheschoolbusin1939,whenaconferencewasorganisedatManhattanCollegetodevelopschoolbusstandards.”（這導致了1939年校車歷史上的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點，當時在曼哈頓學院組織了一次會議來制定校車標準。）提到曼哈頓學院組織了一次會議來制定校車標準。由此可知，空格處內(nèi)容應和校車的安全問題有關，結合選項F項Still,parentswereincreasinglyconcernedforchildren’ssafety.（盡管如此，家長們還是越來越擔心孩子的安全。）符合此推斷，上下文語意連貫，符合語境。故選F項。25．根據(jù)上文“Thereasonwhythecolorwaschosenwassimple.”（選擇這種顏色的原因很簡單。）可知，空格處內(nèi)容應為解釋選擇該顏色其原因。結合選項C項Yellowisquiteeyecatchingtohumanbeings.（黃色對人類來說是非常引人注目的。）符合此推斷，為對上文內(nèi)容的語意遞進，上下文緊密連接。故選C項。26．由空格處位于段首可知，應為本段的主旨句。根據(jù)下文“Forexample,avarietyofchangeshavebeenmadetoenabletheschoolbustonotonlybesaferbutalsohavebetterfuel(燃料)economy,beeasiertodrive,etc.Themostcreativeapproachamongalloftheseisprobablyakindofstopsignalarmthatwarnstrafficofastopinprogress,whichstatesbegantorequireintheearly1950s.”（例如，已經(jīng)做出了各種改變，使校車不僅更安全，而且有更好的燃油經(jīng)濟性，更容易駕駛，等等。在所有這些方法中，最有創(chuàng)意的可能是一種停車信號臂，它可以警告正在進行中的車輛，這是各州在20世紀50年代初開始要求的。）可知，本段主要講的是列舉了對校車的一系列的改進。結合選項E項Now,schoolbuseshavehadmanymoreimprovements.（現(xiàn)在，校車有了更多的改進。）意思一致，為總結該段內(nèi)容。故選E項。（三）Ifyouthinkofthejobsrobotscouldneverdo,youwouldprobablyputdoctorsandteachersatthetopofthelist.It’seasytoimaginerobotcleanersandfactoryworkers,butsomejobsneedhumanconnectionandcreativity.Butareweunderestimating(低估)whatrobotscando?27Also,somepatientsmightfeelmorefortablesharingpersonalinformationwithamachinethanaperson.28BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonthinksso.Andheevenhasadatefortherobottakeoveroftheclassroom:2027.29Andteacherswillbelikeassistants.Intelligentrobotswillreadstudents’facialexpressions,bodymovementsandmaybeevenbrainsignals.Thentheywilladapttheinformationtoeachstudent.It’snotapopularopinionandit’sunlikelyrobotswilleverhaveempathy(同感)andtheabilitytoreallyconnectwithhumanslikeanotherhumancan.Onethingiscertain,though.30Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen’tenoughteachersand916percentofchildrenundertheageof14don’tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartlysolvedbyrobotsbecausetheycanteachanywhere.Teachersallovertheworldareleavingbecauseitisadifficultjobandtheyfeeloverworked.Perhapsthequestionisnot“Willrobotsreplaceteachers?”but“Howcanrobotshelpteachers?”O(jiān)fficeworkerscanusesoftwaretodothings.31Ifrobotscouldcutthetimeteachersspendmarkinghomeworkandwritingreports,teacherswouldhavemoretimeandenergyforthepartsofthejobhumansdobest.A．Teacherscanbereplacedbyrobots.B．Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.C．Teacherswastealotoftimedoingnonteachingwork.D．Hepredictsrobotswilldothemainjoboftransferringinformation.E．Couldtherebeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall?F．Robotscansavetimethatteachersspendinteachinginclassroom.G．Insomecases,theyalreadyperformbetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing(診斷)illness.【答案】27．G28．E29．D30．B31．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章討論了機器人在醫(yī)生和教師等職業(yè)中的潛力，并提出了機器人可能在教室中替代教師的觀點。文章指出，雖然機器人可能無法像人類一樣建立情感和連接，但它們可以在教育領域發(fā)揮重要的輔助作用。27．根據(jù)前文“Butareweunderestimating(低估)whatrobotscando?(但我們是否低估了機器人的能力?)”可知，此處提出疑問即我們是否低估了機器人的能力。后文設空處應該對此問題進行回復。G選項“Insomecases,theyalreadyperformbetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing(診斷)illness.(在某些情況下，它們在診斷疾病方面的表現(xiàn)已經(jīng)超過了醫(yī)生。)”承接前文，指出在某些情況下，機器人在診斷疾病方面已經(jīng)超過了醫(yī)生，回答前文提出的問題，符合語境。故選G。28．根據(jù)后文“BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonthinksso.Andheevenhasadatefortherobottakeoveroftheclassroom:2027.(英國教育專家AnthonySeldon認為是這樣。他甚至還為機器人接管教室定下了日期：2027年。)