專題13閱讀理解七選五年份卷別小標(biāo)題三年（3考）段首題三年（14考）段中題三年（53考）段尾題三年（15考）命題趨勢(shì)2024新高考I卷14分析近三年高考真題可知，體裁：以說(shuō)明文為主，記敘文、議論文為輔。題型選材具有很強(qiáng)的時(shí)效性，多是社會(huì)生活和文化科技等方面具有生活氣息的短文。詞數(shù)：在300詞左右，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，側(cè)重考查考生的邏輯思維能力。設(shè)題位置：以段中為主，段首和段尾為輔。七個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)。兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)。干擾項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)文章中的相關(guān)詞匯。新高考II卷14全國(guó)甲卷131浙江卷1月1312023新高考I卷41新高考II卷131全國(guó)甲卷131全國(guó)乙卷32北京卷122浙江卷1月52022新高考I卷41新高考II卷14全國(guó)甲卷131全國(guó)乙卷1211北京卷14天津卷浙江卷1月1112浙江卷6月221精準(zhǔn)練01新高考卷1.（2024年新高考I卷）Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【答案】36.F37.B38.E39.A40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語(yǔ)詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和心得以及從中獲得的樂(lè)趣?！?6題詳解】上文“Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(如果你想發(fā)表，提交一份完美的、專業(yè)的手稿是至關(guān)重要的)”提到了完美的、專業(yè)的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有語(yǔ)法和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤是專業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項(xiàng)“Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.(這意味著語(yǔ)法正確，沒(méi)有拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。)”是對(duì)手稿要求的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫(xiě)檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫(xiě)檢查器;下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.(當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在有很多在線詞典和同義詞庫(kù)，但我是一個(gè)守舊的人，更喜歡精裝的書(shū)和能用手指翻閱的書(shū)頁(yè)。)”提到了作者更喜歡實(shí)體書(shū)和能用手指翻閱的書(shū)頁(yè)，說(shuō)明電子設(shè)備可能不會(huì)考慮上下文，所以B選項(xiàng)“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因，具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。它通常還會(huì)顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能，E選項(xiàng)“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(當(dāng)然，字典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫(xiě)的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)。【39題詳解】下文“However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.(然而，如果我需要檢查一個(gè)單詞的來(lái)源或查找其用法的例子，沒(méi)有什么比這更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情況，A選項(xiàng)“Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.(我不經(jīng)常用這本字典。)”是對(duì)字典使用頻率的說(shuō)明，與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“

“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個(gè)定義時(shí)寫(xiě)道：“編字典是件無(wú)聊的工作(乏味)?！?”提到了編寫(xiě)字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花幾分鐘的時(shí)間瀏覽一兩頁(yè)是一種有益的體驗(yàn)。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂(lè)趣，D選項(xiàng)“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.(但是一本字典讀起來(lái)是一種樂(lè)趣。)”是作者對(duì)字典的評(píng)價(jià)，與上文的“乏味”形成對(duì)比，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。2.（2024年新高考II卷）OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.___16___Certainlynot.Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.___17___●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.___18___Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?●___19___Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(榮幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.___20___Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.【答案】16.B17.C18.E19.A20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何避免“過(guò)度旅游”的現(xiàn)象?！?6題詳解】前文“Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.(旅游促進(jìn)理解，擴(kuò)展我們的思想，使我們成為更好的人，促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和社區(qū)，但旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了某些地區(qū)和目的地的過(guò)度旅游)”表明旅游帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題，后文“Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.(在當(dāng)今世界，失去旅行所能提供的東西將是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，結(jié)合后文“Certainlynot.(當(dāng)然不)”可知，空處提問(wèn)能否停止旅行，D選項(xiàng)“那么，我們應(yīng)該停止旅行嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?7題詳解】前文“Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.(游客過(guò)多的目的地是有原因的：它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關(guān)于同一個(gè)地方的帖子，很容易讓你覺(jué)得你錯(cuò)過(guò)了。只有當(dāng)風(fēng)景、文化或食物深深吸引你時(shí)，才去某個(gè)地方)”表明不要跟風(fēng)旅游，C選項(xiàng)“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關(guān)注自己在旅行時(shí)的感受，忠實(shí)自己的感受，不用管其余的建議，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。18題詳解】前文“Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.(這意味著你有很多不太受歡迎的選擇)及后文“Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?(為什么不嘗試一個(gè)地區(qū)性的選擇，或者看看一個(gè)熱門(mén)目的地不太為人所知的景點(diǎn)呢)”提出建議，可以選擇一些冷門(mén)的景點(diǎn)，E選項(xiàng)“你仍然可以找到相對(duì)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方”語(yǔ)境一致。故選E?！?9題詳解】空處為小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.(通過(guò)跳過(guò)重大節(jié)假日或高峰時(shí)間來(lái)最小化影響并最大化體驗(yàn))”表示旅游時(shí)要注意避開(kāi)高峰期，選擇合適的時(shí)間，A選項(xiàng)“在非高峰時(shí)間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A?！?0題詳解】前文“Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.(盡你的一份力，從一開(kāi)始就保護(hù)一個(gè)目的地的特別之處)”表明旅游時(shí)應(yīng)保護(hù)旅游景點(diǎn)，后文“Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.(你可能會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)你和那里的人感覺(jué)如此親近)”表示這樣做的感受，G選項(xiàng)“考慮回饋你所訪問(wèn)的社區(qū)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。3.（2024年浙江卷1月）Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.___16___Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?___17___Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses,Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.___18___“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.Thetipthatcomesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithinpersoncourses.___19___Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.___20___Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E.Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F.Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G.Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了在線學(xué)習(xí)的注意事項(xiàng)。【16題詳解】由上文“Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.(在過(guò)去的幾年里，在線學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)成為大學(xué)生活的重要組成部分)”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)大學(xué)生活很重要，本空要說(shuō)跟“這種現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)”有關(guān)的話題，故G選項(xiàng)“Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.(一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，29%的大學(xué)生注冊(cè)了在線課程。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】由上文“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(但是所有的在線課程都是平等的嗎？你如何確定數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)適合你？)”可知，上文對(duì)在線課程提出疑問(wèn)，本空可以繼續(xù)提出疑問(wèn)，故F選項(xiàng)“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(如果你參加了在線課程，你能做些什么來(lái)確保盡可能好的成績(jī)？)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選F?！?8題詳解】由上文“Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.(在線學(xué)習(xí)最明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)是你可以隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí))”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)具備的優(yōu)勢(shì)是可以讓你隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí)，本空要說(shuō)跟“學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間”有關(guān)的話題，故A選項(xiàng)“Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.(但這并不意味著沒(méi)有最后期限。)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，that指代上一句話，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳解】由下文“Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.(他指出，他的在線學(xué)生最終的成績(jī)通常較低)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“在線老師”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項(xiàng)“ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.(AlexDavidson教授親自授課和在線授課)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D項(xiàng)中的“AlexDavidson教授”，符合題意。故選D?！?0題詳解】由下文“Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.(社會(huì)關(guān)系通常是學(xué)習(xí)的重要組成部分。你可以做一些事情來(lái)緩解這個(gè)問(wèn)題。本科生杰西卡·平克建議和朋友一起參加在線課程，這樣你們就可以互相激勵(lì)，堅(jiān)持下去。你也可以在課堂討論板上找到學(xué)生，組織一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)小組，或者安排與教授面對(duì)面的會(huì)議，討論課程概念)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“人們之間的互動(dòng)”有關(guān)的話題，故E選項(xiàng)“Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.(對(duì)在線課程的主要抱怨是它們?nèi)狈θ伺c人之間的互動(dòng)。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選E。4.（2023年新高考I卷）PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯(cuò))ishuman.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____18____Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章鼓勵(lì)人們練習(xí)自我寬恕，并提供了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的寫(xiě)作練習(xí)來(lái)增強(qiáng)自信。通過(guò)列出個(gè)人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和善良的行為，人們可以學(xué)會(huì)原諒自己的錯(cuò)誤，并從中成長(zhǎng)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯(cuò))ishuman.(為錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任是積極的一步，但不要因此而自責(zé)。人孰能無(wú)過(guò)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過(guò)于自責(zé)。結(jié)合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的寫(xiě)作練習(xí)來(lái)幫助你做到這一點(diǎn)。)”中的“dothis”以及下文內(nèi)容可推斷，空處應(yīng)該內(nèi)容和“不要太自責(zé)”相似。選項(xiàng)D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(寬恕自己也同樣重要。)”與“不要太自責(zé)”語(yǔ)意相近，起承上啟下的作用。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日記或紙上寫(xiě)上“個(gè)人優(yōu)點(diǎn)”。)”以及空后內(nèi)容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有愛(ài)心嗎？有創(chuàng)造力嗎？你慷慨嗎？是一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者？與人相處很有趣嗎？它們不一定要改變世界，只要你個(gè)性中讓你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個(gè)性中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點(diǎn)。)”符合上下文內(nèi)容，下文內(nèi)容具體解釋那些是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二頁(yè)的頂部，寫(xiě)上“善舉”的標(biāo)題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過(guò)的所有積極的事情。它可能是當(dāng)你幫助朋友做作業(yè)的時(shí)候，當(dāng)你沒(méi)有被要求卻主動(dòng)熨衣服的時(shí)候，或者當(dāng)你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時(shí)候。)”可知，本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項(xiàng)F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起來(lái)有多小，都要把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來(lái)。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(這樣，你們就可以交換意見(jiàn)，談?wù)勈鞘裁醋屇銈兠總€(gè)人都與眾不同，以及你們個(gè)性中閃光的方面。)”可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會(huì)使得你和朋友們一起交換意見(jiàn)等。選項(xiàng)C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他們甚至可能想試一試做練習(xí)。)”符合語(yǔ)境，C項(xiàng)中的“they”與空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以讓朋友或家人幫你增加你的列表內(nèi)容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同時(shí)選項(xiàng)C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事實(shí)上，不要等到你犯了錯(cuò)誤才去嘗試這個(gè)——這是一個(gè)在任何時(shí)候都能增強(qiáng)自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多數(shù)人不是從他們的成功中學(xué)習(xí)，而是從他們的錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，這是陳詞濫調(diào)。但事實(shí)是，這是真的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人是從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么錯(cuò)誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合語(yǔ)境，G項(xiàng)中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后內(nèi)容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我們一直在改變和學(xué)習(xí)，錯(cuò)誤是一種積極的發(fā)展和成長(zhǎng)的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯錯(cuò)并不是性格中固有的一面，我們是通過(guò)錯(cuò)誤來(lái)成長(zhǎng)。故選G。5.（2023年新高考II卷）Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.·Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.___16___You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.___17___·Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.___18___Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.·___19___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.___20___Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.AGetoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了了一些開(kāi)始藝術(shù)之旅的好建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.(從小開(kāi)始。我建議使用一個(gè)素描本進(jìn)行小規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐。這些小的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐可以提供靈感，并成為未來(lái)更復(fù)雜的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.(你會(huì)想要回顧一下自己的藝術(shù)之旅，看看自己已經(jīng)取得多少進(jìn)步)”可知，空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)過(guò)渡句，從給出建議使用一個(gè)素描本進(jìn)行小規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐，到回顧自己的藝術(shù)之旅，所以C項(xiàng)“Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.(不要扔掉你的初學(xué)時(shí)的藝術(shù)作品)”符合文意，和后文形成順承關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】分析設(shè)空處，位于段尾，是對(duì)本段總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.(經(jīng)常作畫(huà)，且從生活中作畫(huà)。沒(méi)有什么比不斷練習(xí)更能提高你的藝術(shù)水平了。無(wú)論你是繪制靜物、肖像還是風(fēng)景，都要盡可能地從真實(shí)生活中去觀察和繪制)”可知，本段主要講述不斷練習(xí)繪畫(huà)，所以G項(xiàng)“You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.(你會(huì)逐漸形成只有通過(guò)反復(fù)練習(xí)才能獲得的繪畫(huà)肌肉記憶)”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】分析設(shè)空處，空處位于第二句，此處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋，并同時(shí)引出后文，根據(jù)前文“Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.(不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己，嘗試新事物)”以及后文“Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.(藝術(shù)的成長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)有點(diǎn)痛苦)”可知，A項(xiàng)“Getoutofyourcomfortzone.(走出你的舒適區(qū))”是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】分析設(shè)空處，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.(尋求并接受有建設(shè)性的反饋對(duì)于你的成長(zhǎng)非常重要。我在社交媒體上發(fā)布我的作品，并因此結(jié)識(shí)了一些最友好的人。無(wú)論我的藝術(shù)水平如何，他們都讓我感到受到了重視和尊重)”可知，本段主要講述了是分享自己的作品，所以D項(xiàng)“Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.(如果你感覺(jué)舒適的話，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故選D項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】分析設(shè)空處，空處位于第二句，此處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋，并同時(shí)引出后文，根據(jù)前文“Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.(你的旅程不會(huì)是一條筆直的道路)”以及后文“Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.(堅(jiān)持下去，給它時(shí)間，付出努力。你將收獲藝術(shù)生活的回報(bào))”可知，E項(xiàng)“You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.(你會(huì)遇到障礙，有時(shí)你會(huì)感到氣餒)”是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選E項(xiàng).6.（2023年浙江卷1月）Withgaspricesrisingandairportsecuritylinessnakinglongerthanever,whynotbookyournextdomesticvacationonatrain?Comparedtootheralternatives,it’scomfortableandrelaxing.Hereissomeadviceonhowtomakeatripbyrailaspleasantaspossible.Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutveryquickly.36Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.Useatravelagent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.37Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.Bringablanket.Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.38Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.Arriveearly.Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.39Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.Havefun.40Readabook,knit,doacrosswordpuzzle,orsimplywatchtheworldunfoldoutsidethewindow.Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetweentwomileposts).Ifittakesthetrain53secondstotravelonemile,you’regoing67.92mph.A．Traintripsaren’tforimpatienttypes.B．You’llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C．Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D．That’sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E．Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F．Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G．Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner.【答案】36．D37．G38．C39．E40．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述一些關(guān)于如何使坐火車(chē)旅行盡可能愉快的建議。36．根據(jù)上文“Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutveryquickly.(提前計(jì)劃。大多數(shù)長(zhǎng)途火車(chē)，尤其是臥鋪，很快就賣(mài)光了。)”以及下文“Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.(但無(wú)論你什么時(shí)候去旅行，最好至少提前90天預(yù)訂。)”可知，大多數(shù)長(zhǎng)途火車(chē)的臥鋪很容易被定完，所以要提前安排預(yù)定，D項(xiàng)“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，D項(xiàng)中“busysummermonths”與前后文呼應(yīng)，說(shuō)明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前計(jì)劃。故選D項(xiàng)。37．根據(jù)上文“Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.(一個(gè)好的旅行社有時(shí)可以幫你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.(這樣你就不必為了吃飯而每天三次在行駛的火車(chē)上穿過(guò)幾節(jié)車(chē)廂了。)”可知，好的旅行社幫你預(yù)定，不僅可以找到打折的票，還可以節(jié)省從臥鋪到餐車(chē)的距離，G項(xiàng)中“bookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner”與前后文對(duì)應(yīng)，因此推斷G項(xiàng)“他可能還會(huì)給你預(yù)訂餐廳旁邊的臥鋪車(chē)廂。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。38．根據(jù)上文“Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.(當(dāng)你乘坐火車(chē)時(shí)，你不會(huì)免費(fèi)獲得一條毯子，即使你的旅行是過(guò)夜的。)”以及下文“Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.(特別是在夏天，空調(diào)會(huì)讓他們很冷。)”可知，這里提到了車(chē)廂內(nèi)溫度的問(wèn)題，提醒乘客最好自備毛毯，C項(xiàng)中“Thetemperatureonrailcars”與前后文對(duì)應(yīng)，因此推斷C項(xiàng)“列車(chē)上的溫度通常很難控制?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。39．根據(jù)上文“Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.(大多數(shù)火車(chē)每天只開(kāi)一趟，有些火車(chē)一周只開(kāi)三趟，所以錯(cuò)過(guò)你的火車(chē)可能是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。)”以及下文“Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.(注意:時(shí)刻表上列出的時(shí)間是出發(fā)時(shí)間，不是到達(dá)時(shí)間。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排時(shí)間，錯(cuò)過(guò)時(shí)間是很麻煩的事情，E項(xiàng)中“Youmighthavetowaitlonger”與前后文對(duì)應(yīng)，說(shuō)明錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，因此推斷E項(xiàng)“你可能要等上超過(guò)24小時(shí)才能趕上下一班?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。40．根據(jù)上文“Havefun.(玩得開(kāi)心)”以及下文“Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetweentwomileposts).”(要計(jì)算你的速度，用3600(一小時(shí)的秒數(shù))除以你走一英里(兩個(gè)里程碑之間的距離)所花費(fèi)的秒數(shù)。)”可知，本段講述如何度過(guò)乘車(chē)時(shí)間，A項(xiàng)中講到火車(chē)旅行不適合沒(méi)有耐心的人與后文要計(jì)算時(shí)間，用不同的方式打發(fā)時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。7.（2023年北京卷）It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.35WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊(cè))orfunding.38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A．Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B．Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C．Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D．However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E．Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F．They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G．Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】35．D36．F37．G38．B39．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就如何選擇高校提供了一些建議。35．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(對(duì)于美國(guó)的學(xué)生和他們的家人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一年中既快樂(lè)又緊張的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樗麄円獩Q定去哪里上大學(xué)。家庭經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)來(lái)幫助做決定。)”可知，美國(guó)的學(xué)生和家人們?cè)跊Q定去哪兒上大學(xué)時(shí)，經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)。而根據(jù)下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”可推斷出，本文主要講述的是排名方面出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素：教學(xué)質(zhì)量。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出大學(xué)排名存在的問(wèn)題；而根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容也可以推斷，排名中存在的問(wèn)題是教學(xué)質(zhì)量被忽略。故選D。36．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作為一名研究高等教育的學(xué)者，當(dāng)我與