第一單元學(xué)問點(diǎn)

1.abstract

1)adj.深邃的，抽象的e.g.Beautyisabstractbutahouseis

not.

2)v.提煉，抽??；概括，寫摘要e.g.Rubberisabstractedfromtrees.

e.g.Heisabstractingastoryforabookreview.他在為一篇書評撰寫故

事摘要。

3)n.anabstractofalecture一個演講的摘要

2.WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhome

wouldratherdosth情愿做???e.g.Iwouldratherstayathometoday,

wouldrathersbdosth情愿sb做???e.g.Iwouldratheryoucamehere

tomorrow.

wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth

=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsth

e.g.Iwouldrathergowithyouthanstayhere.=Iwouldgowithyourather

thanstayhere.=Iprefertogowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefer

goingwithyoutostayinghere.

3.faithn.信任，信仰

breakone'sfaithwithsb.對某人不守信用keepfaithwith忠于信

仰；守信

havefaithin信任，信任losefaithin不再信任ingoodfaith醇厚

地；懇切地

e.g.Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了對他的諾言。

Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信念的人，失去全部。

faithfuladj.忠誠的，牢靠的befaithfulto…對…忠誠

4.consequentlyadv.所以，因此

e.g.MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittle

aboutit.consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的consequencen.結(jié)

果

asaconsequence/result=inconsequenceasaconsequence/resultof=

becauseof

e.g.Shewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).

5.aim

A.1)n.目標(biāo)(C)e.g.Whatisyouraiminlife你生活的目的是什么

withoutaim無目的的/無目標(biāo)的achieveone'saim達(dá)到目標(biāo)

missone'saim打不中目標(biāo)

(U)對準(zhǔn)，瞄準(zhǔn)takeaimate.g.Thehuntertookaimatthe

lion.

2)v.(以槍等)對準(zhǔn)，瞄準(zhǔn)aimataimatthetarget=takeaimatthetarget

瞄準(zhǔn)靶子

e.g.Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.

aimlessa.無目標(biāo)的，無目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.

B.準(zhǔn)備,安排，以…為目標(biāo)，立志做…

aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄準(zhǔn)，力求做到,力爭達(dá)到

e.g.Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor./Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.

6.evidentadj.明白的，明顯的

e.g.Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.

Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…e.g.It'sevidentthatyouare

tired.

n.evidence證據(jù);證明inevidence=evident明顯的

7.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的，逼真的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的

inamorerealisticway以一種更逼真的形式

realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義realist現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者realadj.真的realizev.實(shí)

現(xiàn)

8.adoptvt.

1).實(shí)行;接受;汲取

e.g.Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopther

suggestion.

2).過繼，收養(yǎng)[(+as)]e.g.Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.

3).正式通過，接受e.g.Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion,

adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的，被接受的anadoptedchild

9.possess用作動詞時，不能用于進(jìn)行時。

1)“有，擁有"e.g.Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartist1searly

works.

2)”具有…的特質(zhì)"bepossessedofsth意為“具有某種品質(zhì)或特征”

3)“支酉己，限制“e.g.Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich,

possession【c】財產(chǎn)，全部物(常用復(fù)數(shù))personalpossessions個人財產(chǎn)

e.g.Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.

[u]占有，擁有

Take/get/have/gainpossessionof占據(jù)，奪取inpossessionof俵主

動）占

inthepossessionof=inone'spossession（表被動）…被占有"

e.g.Heisin~ofthehouse.他擁有這套房子。

Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.這套房子在他的占有之下。

10.convincevt.“使確信；使信服”

convincesb.todosth..勸服某人做…

convincesbofsthconvincesb+that從句使某人確信某事

e.g.Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我確信他的真誠。

Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.

sb.beconvincedofsthsb.beconvincedthat…某人確信。。。

11.attemptv.嘗試，企圖，努力去執(zhí)行或完成

attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做attempttodo企圖做

attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doing

e.g.Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.

n.1）企圖或努力2）攻擊；攻擊

anattemptonsomeone'slife對某人生命的攻擊

makeanattempttodosth/atdoingsth嘗試做

atone'sattempt在。??嘗試下one,sfirstattempt初次嘗試

e.g.Shemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她試著做這頓飯。

12.ontheotherhand另一方面，相當(dāng)于一個副詞。常與ononehand連用。

Ononehand…ontheotherhand一方面另---方面

e.g.Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idon,thaveto

worklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,

Idon,thaveenoughmoney.

athand在手邊，在旁邊byhand用手的，手工的

gohandinhandwith與…共同行動

13.figure

1）夕卜形；體形；人影e.g.Isawafigureinthedarkness.

2）體態(tài)；風(fēng)姿e.g.Shehasaslenderfigure.

3）人物；名人e.g.Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.

4）數(shù)字e.g.Wheredidyougetthosefigures

14.1）aggressiveadj.敢作敢為的;有闖勁的;侵略性的;好斗的

e.g.Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。

anaggressivesalesman——干勁很大的售貨員aggressiveweapons攻擊

性武器

2）aggressivelyadv.氣概洶洶地3）aggressionn.侵略（行動）aggressorn.

侵略者

15.intheflesh活生生，本人，親自fleshn.肌肉；肉

e.g.HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh你見過周杰倫本人嗎？

fleshandblood肉體，血肉之軀e.g.Thoughheisahero,heisstillflesh

andblood.

loseflesh減肥gain/putonflesh增肥flesh-eating食肉的

16.preference

1）更加的寵愛，偏愛[U][C][（+for）]

e.g.Awindowseatismypreference.我寵愛靠窗的座位。

2）偏愛的事物（或人）[C]e.g.Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee

3)偏袒[U][(+for)]

e.g.Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.

4)優(yōu)先(權(quán))；實(shí)惠權(quán)[U][C]inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于haveapreference

for偏愛

e.g.Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.

I'dchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.

17.appealvi.

1)呼吁，請求appealtosbforsth.e.g.Heappealedtomefor

help.

2)訴諸，求助[(+to)]e.g.Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesof

information.3)有吸弓I力，迎合愛好[(+to)]e.g.Theideaappealedto

Mary.

4)【律】上訴[(+to/against)]

e.g.Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.

18.reputationn.名譽(yù)，名聲[(+for)]

e.g.Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.

Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer'sreputation.

liveuptoone'sreputation不負(fù)盛名loseone'sreputation失去盛

名

winahighreputation贏得很高的聲譽(yù)

19.morethan+名詞意為“不僅僅”

e.g.Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.

1)morethan+數(shù)詞，意為"超過"相當(dāng)于over,其反義詞組為lessthan。

e.g.Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.

2)"morethan+形容詞/副詞”是“很”或“特別”的意思。

e.g.Iammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我對你的講話特別滿足。

3)在“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，確定“more”后面的內(nèi)容而否定“than”

后面的部分，常譯為“是…而不是…”或“與其說…不如說…”。

e.g.Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.

聽到這巨大的聲響，男孩與其說是膽怯不如說是感到很驚異。

20.contemporaryl)adj.當(dāng)代的；同時代的；同年齡的

e.g.HislectureisoncontemporaryAmericannovelists.

Hehasfurnitureofcontemporarystyle.

becontemporarywith與???同時代

e.g.WasJonsoncontemporarywithShakespeare瓊森是否與莎士比亞同輩

2)n.[C]同時代的人同年齡的人；同時期的東西；當(dāng)代人，現(xiàn)代人

e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbyhiscontemporaries.他被他的同時代的人

瞧不起。

1.Youhavetobe.Anybodylikeyouwithoutany_____experience

isnotlikelytobegivenabigsalaryevenifyougraduatefromafamous

university..

A.true;realisticB.realistic;practicalC.practical;realistic

D.real;realistic

2.Sculpturesaresomethingbuttheconceptstheydemonstrateare

,whichtakeswisdomtounderstand

A.real;subtractB.concrete;abstractC.realistic;subscribeD.

specific;conventional

3.Havefaithyourself,befaithfulyourworkandmakeevery

effortyoucanandthenyouarenotfarawayfromsuccess.

A.of;ofB.in;inC.to;inD.in;to

4.Plowingthefieldisthe_meanstogrowcropsinChina,typical

theChinesefarmingforthousandsofyears.

A.controversial;withB.traditional;inC.conventional;ofD.

contemporary;to

5.Strictmeasureshavetobetoprotectchildrenfromfamily,

abuses.

A.adapted;adoptedB.adopted;adoptedC.adjusted;adjustedD.

attached;adopted

6.Studentsaregivenalotofexercisestodo,toimprovetheir

grades.

A.aimedB.aimingC.tobeaimedD.

toaim

7.Nobodyknowsforsurewhopossessedtheancientflowervase.Inother

words,nobodyknowsforsurewhoisoftheflowervase.

A.inpossessionB.inthepossessionC.ofthepossessionD.

withpossession

8.Thestoryistotallymadeup.Ifithappenstobe

anyone'sexperience,weareheretoapologize.

A.bycoincidence;similartoB.byaccident;incoincidence

with

C.bychance;bycoincidencewithD.X;incoincidenceto

9.Whethereuthanasia（安樂死）shouldbemadelegalhasbeenin

thelawcircleformanyyears.

A.conventionalB.controversialC.potentialD.

experimental

10.Itisridiculousofyoutobeafraidofyourown,whichfollows

everywhereyougowhenthereislight.

A.shadeB.shadowC.figureD.

sculpture

11.Ihaveheardofthefamousscholarthousandsoftimesbuthaven't

seenhim.

A.inthefleshB.inpersonalC.inflesh

D.inprivate

12.Allvisitorswereamazedattheskillsandtheartist

whencarvingthefigureonthemarble

A.technologies;showedB.techniques;displayed

C.technology;madeD.technique;displayed

13.Insuchasituation,wehavetobecarefulofwhatwesayand

whatwedo.

A.delicateB.fragileC.weakD.

flexible

14.Itasuperbmindtopredictwhatwillexactlyhappeninthe

future.

A.takesB.costsC.spendsD.

makes

15.Itstillremainsamysterywhysomepeoplearecertainf1ower

fragrancewhileothersarenot.

A.allergictoB.accustomedtoC.addictedtoD.

appealingto

16.Egyptahighreputationofancientcivilizationacrossthe

world

A.likesB.appreciatesC.enjoys

D.isfondof

17.oftimeandenergyhasbeenspentinmakingthe

earthquake-strickenareasapermanentmuseumtoremindpeoplehow

disastrousanaturaldisastercanbe.

A.LargequantitiesB.AgreatdealC.AgoodmanyD.

Aplenty

18.Thegirltofigureoutwhattheboy,sattemptwasby

givingherabunchofrosesbutwithoutsuccess.

A.managed;XB.succeeded;onC.attempted;atD.

tried;on

19.Visualteachingaidstostudentsandhelpthemlearnbetter

buttheyshouldnotbeoverusedinclass.

A.attract;ontheotherhandB.appeal;onthe

otherhand

C.holdinterest;onotherhandD.areinterested;on

onehand

20.exhibitsmadeofclayonexhibitionhavetobetakenspecial

careof_____themfrombeingdamaged.

A.Delicate;preventingB.Fragile;tostopC.Weak;tokeepD.

Faint;keeping

21.Theoldmanenjoyscollectingsignaturesofcotemporaryfamouspeople

famouspaintings.

A.withpreferenceofB.inpreferencetoC.inpreferenceforD.

withpreferenceto

22.Thedistrictcommitteehavingabigheadacheinwith

theaggressiveboyswhomaketroublenowandtheninthearea.

A.is;dealingB.are;dealingC.is;doing

D.are;doing

23.Pleasegiveusaexplanationwhyyouhavedoneso

ingeometryinschool.

A.specific;to;wellB.concrete;for;goodC.general;to;wonderful

D.specific;to;good

24.—Ihearthereisanartgalleryaroundhereandcouldyoutellme

howtogettoit,sir

---Itis_207ontheFifthAvenue.Walkdownthisstreetandyou

A.on;can'tmissitB.at;can'tavoiditC.on;can'tescape

D.at;can'tmissit

25.Studentsareburdenedwithtoomuchexercises,theirschool

grade.

A.aimingtoimproveB.aimingatimproving

C.aimedtoimproveD.aimedtoimproving

虛擬語氣

一、基本含義：虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、

懷疑或推想。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特別形式來表示。

二、用法：

（一）用于非真實(shí)條件句

1.條件句：

1）真實(shí)條件句指假設(shè)的狀況有可能發(fā)生的條件句，用陳述語氣。

2）非真實(shí)條件句指假設(shè)的狀況是過去或限制都不存在的，或?qū)硪膊淮罂赡?/p>

發(fā)生的，用虛擬語氣

2.if條件句的主句和從句的謂語動詞形式如下：

if條件句主句例句

與現(xiàn)在動詞過去式（bewould/cIfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.

事實(shí)相用were)ould/sh（我不是你）

反ould/miIfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwould

ght+V原tellyou.（我不知道）

動詞過去式（beIfhecame/shouldcome/weretocome

與將來

用were）heretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalkto

事實(shí)相

should+V原h(huán)im.（他來的可能性很?。?/p>

反

wereto+V原

【學(xué)以致用】

（2012湖南高考）Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwould

certainlygoforanoutingwithyou.

A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.Had

（二）用壬賓語從旬

1.動詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣

wish后的賓語從句中謂例句

語的形式

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的動詞的過去式（be用IwishthatIknewsomething

愿望were）aboutprogramming.

與過去事實(shí)相反的過去完成式Theywishthattheyhadn'ttold

愿望ittous.

將來的愿望would/could/should/miIwishhecouldcometomorrow.

ght+V原

【學(xué)以致用】

（2011北京高考）一WherearethechildrenThedinner,sgoingtobe

completelyruined.

一Iwishtheyalwayslate.

A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn,tbeD.

wouldn,thavebeen

2.表示主觀意愿的動詞后,后面賓語從句的謂語動詞用“s表示d+動詞原形”,

should可省略

如：suggest建議require要求demand要求insist堅(jiān)持要求

order/command吩咐

e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setadeadlineforthecompletion

oftheplan.

Theyrequirethatparking(should)beallowedhere.他們要求允

許在此處停車。

Heinsistedthatshefastenhersafetybelt.他要求她系好平安

而

注：suggest表示“表明，示意"，insist表示“堅(jiān)持某一說法”時，后賓

語從句用陳述語氣。

e.g.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfied.

他臉上的表情表明他很滿足。

Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecarandinsistedthathe

(should)besetfreeatonce.

他堅(jiān)持說自己沒有偷那輛汽車，并堅(jiān)持要求立即釋放他。

【學(xué)以致用】

(2013陜西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethis

weekend.

A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.Would

3.wouldrather后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣

Iwouldratherheleftnow.

現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竪ouldrather+主語

Iwouldratherhecameearlier

望+動詞過去式

tomorrow.

IwouldratherIhadnotlied

與過去事實(shí)相反wouldrather+主語

yesterday.

的愿望+動詞的過去完成式

（事實(shí)上昨天撒謊了）

【學(xué)以致用】

（2010江蘇高考）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,

butI'dratherhemoreonitsculture.

A.focusB.focused