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TRENDSGlobalbioenergyindustryCHAPTER

01OverviewRenewableenergyconsumptionworldwidefrom2000to2022(inexajoules)Globalrenewableenergyconsumption2000-2022504540353025201510502000

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20223Description:Globalconsumptionofrenewableenergyhasincreasedsignificantlyoverthelasttwodecades.Consumptionlevelsnearlyreached45.18exajoulesin2022.Despiteitsrapidgrowth,renewableenergyconsumptionstillremainsfarbelowthatofcoal,naturalgas,oilandotherenergytechnologies.Abouthalfofthefinalrenewableenergyconsumptionworldwideisderivedfrommodernbioenergysources,however,solarphotovoltaicshasdominatedcapacitygrowthinrecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGProductionofrenewableenergyworldwidefrom2009to2021(interawatthours)Globalrenewableenergygeneration2009-20219,0008,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000020092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020214Description:In2021,renewableenergyproductionworldwideamountedtonearly7.9petawatthours.Globalrenewableenergyproductionincreasedovertheyears.Between2009and2021,figuresrosebyapproximatelyfourpetawatthours.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2009to2021Source(s):IRENAShareofrenewableenergyinelectricitygenerationgloballyfrom2007to2022Shareofrenewablesinglobalpowerproduction2007-202235%30%25%29.91%28.46%28.35%26.59%25.55%24.93%24.11%23.31%22.62%22.04%21.26%20.3%19.8%

19.97%19.27%20%15%10%5%18.24%0%20072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120225Description:Inrecentyearsscrutinyovertheenvironmentalimpactofmoretraditionalenergysourceshasseenhugegrowthinrenewables.Theshareofenergyfromrenewablesourcesusedinglobalenergygenerationhasbeenrisingannuallysince2007,andhasalmostdoubledin2022atroughly30percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2007to2022Source(s):EmberPrimaryenergydemandworldwidein2022,withaforecastuntil2045,byfueltype(inmillionbarrelsofoilequivalentperday)Globalprimaryenergydemandbyfueltype2022-2045OilCoalGasNuclearHydroBiomassOtherrenewables4003503002502001501005002022202520302035204020456/statistics/282801/opecs-oil-price-assumptions-via-reference-basketPrimaryenergyconsumptionisforecasttoreachroughly359millionbarrelsofoilequivalentperdayby2045.Thesourceexpectsoilandgastocontinuebeingthegreatestcontributingenergysources,at106and87millionbarrels,respectively.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):OPECShareofbioenergyintotalprimaryenergysupplyworldwidefrom2015to2050*Projectedglobalshareofbioenergyintotalprimaryenergysupply2015-205012%10%10%8%6%4%2%0%9.5%9%8.7%201520172030*2050*7Description:Theshareofbioenergyintotalprimaryenergysupply(TPES)remainedstableduringthelastyear,accountingforsome9.5percentTPESin2017.Asimilartrendforthisfigureisexpectedunderthecurrentandplannedenergyplans,onlyincreasingtosome10percentby2050.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2015and2017;*OutlookbasedonthePlannedEnergyScenario(PES)considersgovernments'currentandplannedenergyplans,policiesandtargets,includingtheNationallyDeterminedContributionsundertheParis[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):Expert(s)(Bohlsen,2020);IEA;IRENACHAPTER

02Plants&capacitiesBioenergycapacityworldwidefrom2009to2023(inmegawatts)Globalcapacityofbioenergypower2009-2023160,000150,261145,896139,511140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000133,200125,244118,608111,410105,67596,84290,84384,87977,19871,74565,62662,1192009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220239Description:In2023,theglobalcapacityofbioenergyreachednearly150.3gigawatts.Bioenergyisenergyderivedfrombiologicalmaterialswhicharecharacterizedasorganicmaterialswithstoredchemicalenergylikewoodandmanure.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2009to2023Source(s):IRENALeadingcountriesinbioenergycapacityworldwidein2023Globalbioenergycapacity2023,bycountry35,00031,25530,00025,00020,00017,59715,00010,0005,000010,99010,752India9,9507,4776,384Japan4,7054,5073,434ItalyChinaBrazilUnitedStatesGermanyUnitedKingdomThailandSweden10Description:In2023,Chinawasthecountrywiththehighestbioenergycapacityintheworld,withnearly31.3gigawatts.Brazilrankedsecond,withabioenergycapacityof17.6gigawatts.Bycomparison,Germanyrankedfifth,withacapacityamountingtonearlytengigawatts.Bioenergyisenergyderivedfrombiologicalmaterialswhicharecharacterizedasorganicmaterialswithstoredchemicalenergylikewoodandmanure.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):IRENABioenergycapacityworldwidein2023,byfeedstock(inmegawatts)Globalcapacityofbioenergypower2023,byfeedstock120,000104,588100,00080,00060,00040,00021,43621,399Biogas20,00002,838SolidbiofuelsRenewablemunicipalwasteLiquidbiofuels11Description:In2023,solidbiofuelsaccountedforthelargestshareofbioenergycapacityworldwideatalmost105gigawatts.Meanwhile,renewablemunicipalwastehadacapacityofroughly21.4gigawatts.Overall,theglobalbioenergycapacityreachedsome150.26gigawattsthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):IRENACHAPTER

03ProductionBiomasselectricitygenerationworldwidefrom2000to2020(interawatt-hours)Globalelectricityproductionfrombiomass2000-2020800700600500685655622589554509400300200100036222816220002005201020152016201720182019202013Description:Globalelectricitygenerationfrombiomasstotaled685terawatt-hoursin2020.Sincetheturnofthecentury,biopowergenerationhasseenanincreasingtrend.Solidbiomasswasthemainsourceofbiomasselectricity,followedbybiogasandmunicipalwaste.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2020Source(s):IEA;WorldBioenergyAssociationElectricitygenerationfrombiomassworldwidein2000and2020,byfueltype(interawatt-hours)Globalelectricityproductionfrombiomass2000-2020,byfueltypeElectricityproductioninterawatt-hours2020

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250050100150300350400450500471SolidbiomassBiogas9989.713.276.7MunicipalwasteIndustrialwasteLiquidbiofuels34.536.615.310.4014Description:Solidbiomassisthegreatestcontributortobioenergygenerationworldwide.In2020,some471terawatt-hoursofelectricityweregeneratedusingsolidbiomass-suchaswoodchipsorwoodpellets.Infact,woodpelletproductionhascontinuouslyincreasedsincetheyear2000.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000and2020Source(s):IEA;WorldBioenergyAssociationElectricitygenerationfrombiomassworldwidein2020,byregion(interawatt-hours)Globalbiomasspowerproduction2020,byregionElectricityproductioninterawatt-hours100

150050200250300AsiaEuropeAmericasOceaniaAfrica2762381644215Description:In2020,theleadingregionacrosstheglobeintermsofelectricitygenerationfrombiomasswasAsia,atnearly276terawatt-hours.Europerankedsecondthatyear,generatingaround238terawatt-hours.Ontheotherhand,Africaproducedroughlytwoterawatt-hoursofelectricityfrombiomassin2020.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):IEA;WorldBioenergyAssociationProductionofwoodfuelworldwidefrom2000to2022(inmillioncubicmeters)Globalwoodfuelproduction2000-20222,5002,0001,9661,9481,9441,9481,9291,9311,9281,9011,8641,8251,7951,5001,00050002000200520102015201620172018201920202021202216Description:In2022,theglobalproductionofwoodfuelamountedto1.97billioncubicmeters,aslightincreaseincomparisontothepreviousyear.Woodfuelcanbeusedforcooking,heating,andpowerproduction.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2022Source(s):FAO;WorldBioenergyAssociationProductionofenergyfromwasteworldwidefrom2000to2020(inexajoules)Globalwasteproductionforenergy2000-20203.02.52.02.652.592.592.532.462.31.961.411.51.00.50.01.2420002005201020152016201720182019202017Description:Theglobalproductionofenergyfromwasteamountedto2.65exajoulesin2020.Municipalwaste,forexample,canbecombustedtoproduceheatandpowerdirectly.Theglobalwaste-to-energymarketisprojectedtosurpass50billionU.S.dollarsby2027.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2020Source(s):IEA;WorldBioenergyAssociationProductionofbiogasworldwidefrom2000to2020(inexajoules)Globalbiogasproduction2000-20201.61.461.431.411.381.351.41.21.00.80.60.40.20.01.340.890.540.2920002005201020152016201720182019202018/statistics/481791/biogas-production-worldwideSincetheturnofthecentury,biogasproductionworldwidehasincreasednoticeably.In2020,globalbiogasproductionhadanequivalentenergycontentof1.46exajoules.Incomparison,biogasproductionintheyear2000totaled0.29exajoules.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2020Source(s):IEA;WorldBioenergyAssociationCHAPTER

04TradeExportandimportvalueofwoodpelletsworldwidefrom2012to2022(inmillionU.S.dollars)Globalwoodpellettradevalue2012-2022ExportsImports8,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00002012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220Description:Theimportvalueofwoodpelletsreached7.05billionU.S.dollarsin2022.Thiswasupfrom5.22billionU.S.dollarsworthinimportsrecordedin2021.Woodpelletsaremadefromcompressedsawdustandhaveagreatercombustionefficiencythanwoodlogs,makingthemahighlydesirablebiofuel.TheEuropeanUnionisthegreatestconsumerofwoodpellets.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2012to2022Source(s):InternationalTradeCentre;TradeMap;UNComtradeExportandimportvolumeofwoodpelletsworldwidefrom2012to2022(inmillionmetrictons)Globalwoodpellettradevolume2012-2022ExportsImports353025201510502012201320142015201620172018201920202021202221Description:Over29millionmetrictonsofwoodpelletswereexportedworldwidein2022.Thisfigurerepresentsanexportvalueofroughly7.05billionU.S.dollars.Woodpelletsaremadefromcompressedsawdustandhaveagreatercombustionefficiencythanwoodlogs,makingthemahighlydesirablebiofuel.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2012to2022Source(s):InternationalTradeCentre;TradeMap;UNComtradeExportvolumeofwoodpelletsworldwidein2022,bymajorcountry(in1,000metrictons)Woodpelletexportsbymajorcountryworldwide2022Exportvolumeinmillionmetrictons01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,0008,977.1610,000UnitedStatesCanadaVietnamLatvia3,492.512,626.841,685.331,676.39RussiaEstonia1,377.97MalaysiaAustria790.39745.42704.74646.22GermanyBelgium22Description:TheUnitedStateswastheworld'sgreatestwoodpelletexportercountryin2022,withanexportvolumeofover8.9millionmetrictons.Canadafollowed,withanexportvolumeofjustunder3.5millionmetrictons.Rawmaterialsusedforwoodpelletsincludesawdustshavingsaswellasresiduefromchips,wholelogs,andwoodproducts.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):InternationalTradeCentre;TradeMap;UNComtradeImportvolumeofwoodpelletsworldwidein2022,bymajorcountry(in1,000metrictons)Woodpelletimportsvolumebymajorcountry2022Importvolumeinthousandmetrictons01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0007,515.72UnitedKingdomJapan4,408.28Korea,RepublicofItaly3,917.23,615.97DenmarkNetherlandsBelgium2,674.232,660.491,140.12France775.98GermanyAustria450.76343.9623Description:TheUnitedKingdomisthelargestimporterofwoodpelletsintheworld.In2022,theUKimportedover7.5millionmetrictonsofsuchproducts.Rawmaterialsusedforwoodpelletsincludesawdustshavingsaswellasresiduefromchips,wholelogs,andwoodproducts.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):InternationalTradeCentre;TradeMap;UNComtradeCHAPTER

05Supply&consumptionSharesofbioenergyinfinalenergyconsumptionworldwidein2020,byendusesectorGlobalbioenergyshareinfinalenergyconsumption2020,byenduseModernbioenergyTraditionalbiomass35%30%25%20%15%10%5%25.6%10%5.2%3.5%Transport2.4%0%Heat,buildingsHeat,industryElectricity25Description:In2020,modernbioenergyaccountedforashareof10percentofindustrialheatconsumptionworldwide.Intheelectricitysector,modernbioenergyheldashareof2.4percent.Overall,electricitygenerationaccountsfor7percentoftheglobalbioenergyconsumption.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):IEA;REN21Distributionofbioenergyconsumptionworldwidein2020,byenduseGlobalbioenergyconsumptionbreakdown2020,byenduseElectricity6%Transportfuels7%Heatinbuildings12%Traditionaluseofbiomassforcookingandheating54%Heatinindustry21%26Description:In2020,thetraditionaluseofbiomassforcookingandheatingaccountedforthelargestshareofglobalbioenergyconsumption,at54percent.Meanwhile,onlysixpercentofbioenergywasusedforelectricitygenerationworldwidethatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):IEA;IRENADomesticsupplyofprimaryenergyfrombiomassworldwidefrom2000to2020(inexajoules)Globalbiomassprimaryenergysupply2000-202070605057.556.955.754.653.552.649.344.841.740302010020002005201020152016201720182019202027Description:Theglobalsupplyofprimaryenergyfrombiomassamountedto41.7exajoulesintheyear2000,andsteadilyincreasedoverthefollowingyears.In2020,theworld'ssupplyofbiomassprimaryenergyreachedsome57.5exajoules.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2020Source(s):IEA;WorldBioenergyAssociationDomesticsupplyofprimaryenergyfrombiomassworldwidein2020,byfuelsource(inexajoules)Globalbiomassprimaryenergysupply2020,byfueltypePrimaryenergysupplyinexajoules20

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300510153540455055SolidbiomassLiquidbiofuelsMunicipalwasteBiogas49.34.061.471.461.19Industrialwaste28Description:Theglobaldomesticsupplyofprimaryenergyfrombiomassreachedsome57.5exajoulesin2020.Outofthistotal,approximately49.3exajoulesweresourcedfromsolidbiomass,whereasroughly4.1exajoulescamefromliquidbiofuels.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):IEA;WorldBioenergyAssociationCHAPTER

06IndustryAverageinstallationcostforbioenergyplantsworldwidefrom2010to2022(inU.S.dollarsperkilowatt)Globalaveragebioenergyinstalledcost2010-20224,0003,3973,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005003,3453,2512,9042,9082,8192,7912,5182,4812,4402,1621,9521,9000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202230Description:In2022,theaverageinstallationcostofbioenergyplantswas2,162U.S.dollarsperkilowattinstalled.Since2020,therehasbeenaconsistentdecreaseintheaverageinstallationcostforbioenergyworldwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2010to2022;in2022U.S.dollarsSource(s):IRENAGlobalrevenuefrombiomasselectricitygenerationfrom2011to2022(inmillionU.S.dollars)Biomasselectricitygenerationrevenuesworldwide2011-202216,00014,70013,50014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000011,00210,5009,7979,2149,2189,2238,7248,5007,2005,90020152011201220132014201620172018201920202021202231Description:In2022,electricitygenerationfrombiomassisestimatedtohavegeneratedsome11billionU.S.dollarsinrevenues.Thiswasanotableincreasefromtheamountmadejustafewyearsearlier.Meanwhile,thewaste-to-