文體分類練(四)說明文和議論文(限時(shí):45分鐘)Passage1(2023浙江諸暨三模)Wearingacavemanmask,Dr.Marzluffwalksacrossthecampattheuniversity.Crowscircleandscream.Theydiveathimandthensuddenlyflyaway.Beneaththemask,hesmiles.Daysbefore,heandhisstudentshad1cavemenmasks,caughtcrowsand2plasticbandsontotheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedthe3birds.

“Wealwaysknewcrows4us,butcouldweshowit?”saysDr.Marzluff,aprofessorknownaffectionatelyastheCrowman.

Whentheresearcherswalkedaroundcampuswithoutmasks,thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidn’t5tothem.Butwhenthe6humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks,thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir“7”.Thebirdshadrememberedtheir8!

“Crowsareconstantly9us,”Dr.Marzluffsays.“Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou,10thesituation.”

Atfirst,onlythebandedbirdsreacted11tothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumberofcrowsbeganscoldingthem,evenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.Thebirdshad12fromoneanother.Dr.Marzluffandhisteamfollowedbandedcrowsforayearand13thatadultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir14.

Dr.Marzluff’sexperimentsledhimtostudyhowcrows’15work.

1.A.pickedout B.putonC.searchedfor D.takenoff2.A.dropped B.stepped C.pressed D.tied3.A.unhappy B.beautifulC.black D.rare4.A.hate B.attack C.recognize D.contact5.A.wave B.react C.reply D.turn6.A.friendly B.unkind C.different D.same7.A.enemies B.professorsC.owners D.followers8.A.clothes B.faces C.organs D.figures9.A.expecting B.admiringC.watching D.tolerating10.A.estimating B.changingC.restoring D.worsening11.A.rigidly B.automaticallyC.abnormally D.threateningly12.A.resulted B.heardC.learned D.benefited13.A.promised B.identifiedC.denied D.clarified14.A.young B.neighborC.partners D.opponents15.A.wings B.noses C.legs D.brainsPassage2Thisyear,hundredsofpeoplearoundtheworldareapplyingforadesiredjobtorunPortLockroy,theworld’smostremotepostoffice.The1isinAntarctica,andoneofthekey2istheabilitytocountpenguins.

Eachyear,theUKAntarcticHeritageTrust3fourpostmentoliveontheislandfromNovembertoMarch.Apartfrombeinganearly80-year-oldBritish-ownedpostoffice,it4asamuseum.Althoughemployeeseachhaveunique5,theyarecooperativelyresponsibleforpreservingthe6placeandcaringforthethousandsoftourists.Thestaffisalso7environmentaldatacollectionandwildlifemonitoring.

Applicantsarewarnedthere’snotmuchtimeforrelaxationandrest.Still,thejobishighly8.TheUKAntarcticHeritageTrustgetshundredsofapplications9fortheposition.Theyaremainly10toPortLockroy,bothforitshistoryanditsscientificsignificance.LucyDormansucceededinapplyingforthe2019—2020season.Itwasareal11forher.“Eventhoughthejobcanbehardattimes,there’sarealsenseofcommunity.You’vegotto12,becauseyoucan’tgetawayfromeachotherveryeasily.Ireallylovethatsortof13,”shesaid.“Andwhatyoucanachievehereis14.Thetotalexperienceoffersbothadifferent15totheworldandanewviewpointonyourfunctionontheplanet.”

1.A.centre B.position C.aim D.unit2.A.requirements B.characteristicsC.virtues D.activities3.A.persuades B.instructsC.encourages D.hires4.A.exists B.operatesC.doubles D.develops5.A.tastes B.talentsC.roles D.backgrounds6.A.temporary B.historicC.grand D.magical7.A.infavorof B.inneedofC.inpossessionof D.inchargeof8.A.paid B.sought-afterC.hard-won D.respectable9.A.annually B.weekly C.monthly D.daily10.A.invited B.devotedC.related D.drawn11.A.joy B.lesson C.effort D.shock12.A.getalong B.showoffC.breakthrough D.givein13.A.loneliness B.eagernessC.looseness D.togetherness14.A.consistent B.rewardingC.potential D.pure15.A.entrance B.answerC.attitude D.introductionPassage3(2023山西部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Iwillturn46soon.ButIdecideto1candlesfrommycakethisyear.Ithink46candlesmight2thecreamorsetoffthesmokealarm.Amazingly,whenIlookedinthe3thismorningIdidn’tseeamiddle-agedmanlookingbackatme.Suretherewas4inthehairandwrinklesaroundtheeyes.Yet,whenI5hissmileandthelightinhiseyes,Ifeltasaliveand6asbefore.Isawtheyoungandlovingspiritlivinginsidethis7body.

Itissucha8thatwecangrowyoungerontheinsidewhilewegrowolderontheoutside.Someofthemostloving,9andenergeticpeopleIknowliveinsideancientbodiesthathave10farbetterdays.Thesepeoplesmileoften,laughalot,andspendeverydayquiteoptimistically.They11methatoldbodiesdon’talways12oldhearts.

Ihopewhenyourown13comesaround,yourheartwillfeelasyoungasever.Ihopeyouwillrememberthatyouarenot14onacalendarorcandlesonacake,butaforeveryoungspirit.Yourbodymayageanddie,butyourheartneverwill.Mayyou15allofyourdayswithlove,laughter,lightandjoy.

1.A.protect B.separateC.remove D.withdraw2.A.beat B.combineC.decorate D.ruin3.A.window B.faceC.mirror D.sky4.A.grey B.detailC.energy D.black5.A.imagined B.noticedC.checked D.remembered6.A.dynamic B.successfulC.courageous D.friendly7.A.delicate B.healthyC.aging D.mature8.A.surprise B.confusionC.mistake D.fact9.A.influential B.cheerfulC.impressive D.admirable10.A.desired B.guaranteedC.requested D.witnessed11.A.instruct B.remindC.inform D.promise12.A.gointo B.leaveoutC.makefor D.wakeup13.A.dream B.birthdayC.ambition D.expectation14.A.pictures B.marksC.lines D.numbers15.A.fill B.creditC.connect D.invest答案：文體分類練(四)說明文和議論文Passage1[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了Marzluff博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了烏鴉的大腦是如何工作的。他們將烏鴉的腿綁上塑料帶子,然后放了烏鴉,同時(shí)對捆綁的烏鴉進(jìn)行跟蹤,發(fā)現(xiàn)烏鴉能認(rèn)出他們的臉,同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)成年烏鴉甚至?xí)⑦@些信息傳遞給幼崽。1.B由上文“Wearingacavemanmask”可知,此處指戴上面具。2.D由下文“thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbanded”可知,在烏鴉的腿上綁上了塑料帶子。3.A由上文“caughtcrows”可知,烏鴉被捕所以不開心。4.C由下文“thecrowsscoldedloudly”和實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容可知,研究人員戴上面具在烏鴉腿上綁上塑料帶子,然后將它們放了,之后戴上面具后,發(fā)現(xiàn)烏鴉攻擊他們,這說明烏鴉能認(rèn)出他們。5.B由下文“tothem”可知,此處指烏鴉沒有任何反應(yīng)。reactto固定搭配,意為“對……作出反應(yīng)”。6.D由下文“humanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks”和常識可知,為了保證實(shí)驗(yàn)的可信性,應(yīng)是同一批人戴著面具走過。7.A由上文“thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir”和上文提到的研究者捆綁烏鴉可知,烏鴉把他們當(dāng)成敵人,在認(rèn)出他們之后去攻擊他們。8.B由下文“Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou”可知,烏鴉能記住敵人的臉。9.C由下文“Theylook”可知,烏鴉一直在觀察他們。10.A由上文“Theylook,theythink,theyeyeballyou”和下文“thesituation”可知,烏鴉觀察他們是為了估計(jì)形勢,去攻擊他們。11.D由下文“Butinlatertests,anincreasingnumberofcrowsbeganscoldingthem”可知,烏鴉攻擊他們,對他們產(chǎn)生有威脅性的行為。12.C由下文“passthisinformation”可知,烏鴉們從同伴那里得知一些信息。13.B由上文“Dr.Marzluffandhisteamfollowedbandedcrowsforayear”和下文“thatadultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir”可知,Marzluff博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)烏鴉甚至?xí)⑦@些信息傳遞給幼崽。14.A由上文“adultsevenpassthisinformationtotheir”可知,成年烏鴉甚至?xí)⑦@些信息傳遞給幼崽。15.D由上文講到的烏鴉能認(rèn)出它們的敵人可知,Marzluff博士的實(shí)驗(yàn)讓他研究了烏鴉的大腦是如何工作的。Passage2[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。位于南極洲的洛克雷港郵局的招聘吸引了很多人,在那里員工不僅要收集環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)和監(jiān)測野生動物,還要負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)企鵝。1.B根據(jù)上文中的“hundredsofpeoplearoundtheworldareapplyingforadesiredjob”可知,此處表示該職位在南極洲。2.A本文講的是一個(gè)職位,再根據(jù)空后的“istheabilitytocountpenguins”可知,此處表示其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的要求是能夠數(shù)企鵝。3.D根據(jù)上文中的“applyingforadesiredjob”和下文中的“employees”可知,此處表示聘用四名郵遞員。4.C前面提到洛克雷港是一個(gè)郵局,空后又提到“asamuseum”,故此處表示該郵局兼作博物館。5.C根據(jù)下文中的“theyarecooperativelyresponsiblefor...tourists”可知,此處表示員工各司其職。6.B根據(jù)上文中的“anearly80-year-oldBritish-owned”和空前的“preserving”可知,此處表示有歷史意義的地方。7.D根據(jù)空前的“also”可知,本空應(yīng)與前面的responsiblefor在含義上接近,故用inchargeof“負(fù)責(zé)”。8.B前面提到這份工作沒多少放松和休息的時(shí)間,再結(jié)合Still可知,此處表示“但是,它仍然很搶手”。sought-after表示“吃香的,廣受歡迎的”,符合語境。9.A根據(jù)上文中的“Thisyear,hundredsofpeople...desiredjob”和下文中的“the2019—2020season”可知,此處表示英國南極遺產(chǎn)信托基金每年(annually)都會收到大量申請?jiān)撀毼坏男拧?0.D他們大多是被洛克雷港的歷史和科研價(jià)值吸引的。draw“吸引”。11.A前面提到該職位很搶手,而LucyDorman申請成功了,再結(jié)合下文中的“Ireallylove”可知,此處表示對她來說,獲得這個(gè)職位很讓她開心。joy“令人高興的人(或事)”。12.A根據(jù)上文中的“there’sarealsenseofcommunity”和下文中的“youcan’tgetawayfromeachotherveryeasily”可知,此處表示你得與人和睦相處(getalong)。13.D根據(jù)上文中的“arealsenseofcommunity”和“youcan’tgetawayfromeachotherveryeasily”可知,此處表示LucyDorman喜歡那種親密無間。14.B根據(jù)空前的“youcanachievehere”和下文中的“Thetotalexperienceoffers...yourfunctionontheplanet”可知,此處表示你在這里獲得的東西很有益。15.C這整個(gè)經(jīng)歷會讓你產(chǎn)生對世界的不同看法(attitude)以及你在這個(gè)星球上的職責(zé)的新觀點(diǎn)。Passage3[語篇解讀]作者在46生日即將來臨之際感悟到我們應(yīng)該人老心不老。1.C根據(jù)下文中的“Ithink46candles...setoffthesmokealarm.”可知,作者覺得46支蠟燭可能會毀壞蛋糕上的奶油或者觸發(fā)煙霧警報(bào),因此他決定今年不在蛋糕上放蠟燭了。2.D見上題解析。3.C根據(jù)下文中的“Ididn’tseeamiddle-agedmanlookingbackatme”可知,此處指作者在照鏡子(mirror)。4.A根據(jù)上文中的“Iwillturn46soon”和下文中的“wrinklesaroundtheeyes”可知,此處指作者頭上有灰白的頭發(fā),眼角有皺紋。5.B根據(jù)上文中的“Ididn’tsee”及下文中的“saw”可知,但是,當(dāng)作者看到(noticed)鏡子中的人的笑容和