必修一Unit1(Understandingideas)詞匯單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測(cè)——英漢互譯1.某一時(shí)刻n

_____________2.作者；作家n

_____________3.熱切的；渴望的adj_____________4.探測(cè)；探索v

_____________5.逐個(gè)地；依次地_____________6.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)；引擎n_____________7.昆蟲n_____________8.收集物；收藏品n

_____________momentauthorexploreonebyoneengineinsecteagercollection單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測(cè)——英漢互譯9.組織；安排v

_____________10.呼吸v_____________11.驚慌地_____________12.挑戰(zhàn)n_____________13.壓力n_____________14.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的adj_____________15.描寫；描述；敘述n_____________16.有信心的；有把握的adj_____________organisebreatheinpanicchallengepressureconfidentcalmdescription單詞預(yù)習(xí)檢測(cè)——英漢互譯17.信心；信賴n

_____________18.eagernessn

_____________19.*nudgen

_____________20.*butterflyn

_____________21.butterfliesinone’sstomach____________________

confidence熱切；渴望（肘部的）輕推蝴蝶情緒緊張，心里發(fā)慌本單元詞匯梳理1.moment：常用詞塊fromthatmomenton,therightmoment,(at)thelastmoment,atthemoment,foramoment,forthemoment,inamoment,themoment(that)2.author：同義詞writer3.eagerness：構(gòu)詞法eager+-ness4.explore：詞族e(cuò)xplore—explorer—exploration5.engine：詞塊asearchengine,afireengine；派生詞engineer6.collection：構(gòu)詞法collect+-tion詞塊acollectionofshortstories,astampcollection,acollectionof80000books;collect詞族：collect—collection—collector7.organize：organ(器官、組織)+-ize(使……化)，使有組織化詞族organ—organize—organized—organizer—organization8.breathe：詞塊breathein/outbreath：詞族breath—breathe—breathing9.panic：詞源：源自希臘神話中令人驚恐的牧羊神潘Pan的名字。傳說(shuō)中他長(zhǎng)相奇特，上半身是人，下半身是羊。潘有一種奇特的本領(lǐng)，就是嚇唬人。他常常躲在隱蔽處，驀地跳出，用丑陋的面目把旅行者嚇得魂不附體。他還會(huì)發(fā)出怪異的叫聲，令人感到毛骨悚然，膽戰(zhàn)心驚。這種恐懼感就稱為

“潘神之懼”（Panicfear）。英語(yǔ)單詞panic就源自“潘神之懼”，原本是個(gè)形容詞，后來(lái)逐漸變成名詞和動(dòng)詞；詞塊：inpanic10.challenge：詞源義—貶義的挑刺到褒義的挑戰(zhàn)；

詞塊face/meet/risetothechallenge,takeon/takeupthechallenge,solve/overcomethechallenge11.pressure：構(gòu)詞法press+-ure詞塊bloodpressure,underpressure,putpressureonsb12.calm：詞塊keep/staycalm;calmdown13.description：詞塊giveadescriptionof=describebeyonddescription14.confident：詞源con-(together共同)+-fid-(trust信任)

+-ent詞族confident—confidently—confidence;詞塊beconfidentabout/of/that從句

challengeconfident&confidence重難點(diǎn)詞精講搭配義英語(yǔ)釋義moment搭配義calmorganise一詞多義辨析義collection一詞多義moment根據(jù)騰訊官方的翻譯，朋友圈的英文竟然不是FriendsCircle。朋友圈竟然沒有“朋友”，它是另外一個(gè)單詞，就是moments。為什么朋友圈叫Moments呢？微信朋友圈的功能，不就是分享自己的和看看別人的“片刻”和“瞬間”，所以就是很多個(gè)moment，自然就是moments。moment某一時(shí)刻aparticularpointintime：atthis/thatmomentfromthatmomentonThebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.2014北京片刻；瞬間averyshortperiodoftime：CouldIuseyourcomputerforafewmoments,please時(shí)機(jī)aparticulartimefordoingsth：I’mwaitingfortherightmomenttotellhimthebadnews.

moment的詞源義是“運(yùn)動(dòng)、移動(dòng)”(tomove)，詞義引申為“片刻、瞬間”。事物的不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)造成事物的不斷變化，從而有了“瞬間、轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝”的說(shuō)法。(at)anymoment(now)馬上；立刻：Hurryup!He’llbebackanymomentnow.(at)thelastmoment（在）最后一刻：Theychangedtheplansatthelastmoment.atthemoment此刻；目前：I’mterriblybusyatthemoment.foramoment片刻；一會(huì)兒：Hewassilentforamoment.forthemoment暫時(shí)；目前(forthepresent)：I’mnotveryhappyatwork,butI’llstaythereforthemoment.詞塊搭配inamoment馬上；立即：I’llbereadyinamoment.onemoment…thenext一會(huì)兒……過一會(huì)兒：Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwaschargedwithtension.2014重慶themoment(that)［引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞assoonas］一……（就……）：Alishafellasleepthemomentshegotintobed.collect

v

vt收集；采集(gather)：collectdata/evidence/information

vt收藏：Stampcollectorsusuallycollectstampsonlyfromcertaincountriesorregions.

2012江西

vi&vt募集；收?。ㄗ饨?、稅等）：

Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelpthevictimsoftheearthquake.

vi&vt積聚(accumulate)；聚集(gather)：Dirthascollectedinthecornersoftheroom.Acrowdcollectswhenthere’satrafficaccident.

vt取走（某物）；接走（某人）(pickup)：Aftertherubbishissorted,itneedstobecollectedandthentakentotherecyclingcentercol-(together一起)+lect(togather收集)→收集到一起→收集（基本義）collect【溫故】collectionn(collect+-ion)[U]收集；采集；[U]&[C]收?。篢hefirststageinresearchisdatacollection.rubbishcollection

[C]

（故事、詩(shī)歌、音樂等的）集子；專輯：

acollectionofshortstories[C]（常指同類的）收集物；收藏品：

astamp/coincollection[C]募捐；募集的錢：acollectionforthepooracollectionbox

[C]

一批物品；一群人：acollectionofinterestingpeopleThelibraryhasacollectionof80,000booksand90kindsofnewspapersandmagazines.2012湖南collect&collection語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖“收集”物品收集；采集收藏積聚；聚集collectioncollect收集；采集；收?。ǔＶ竿惖模┦占?；收藏品一批物品；一群人收集collect基本義取走（某物）；接走（某人）募集；收?。ㄗ饨稹⒍惖龋┠季?；募集的錢“收集”同一類物品并保存“收集”捐款、租金、稅金等“收集”分散的東西或人使集中“收集”物或人并將其帶走（故事、詩(shī)歌、音樂等的）集子；專輯organize/organise來(lái)自organ，運(yùn)行、器官、組織機(jī)構(gòu)；-ize：使，即使有組織運(yùn)行，引申詞義“組織；安排”。organorganise器官使……有組織化組織organisation使役動(dòng)詞后綴-ize/-ise：

modernmodernize/modernise使現(xiàn)代化real

realize/realise使……成為現(xiàn)實(shí)-ize/ise后綴意為“使具有某種特性”；通常加在名詞或形容詞后。national使國(guó)有化nationalize/nationalise

vt組織；籌備

toplananevent,activity,etc.：Iknewnothingaboutorganizinganybigevent.

2012天津

vt

整理；分配toputorarrangethingsintoasystemorlogicalorder：Whenwritinganarticle,weshouldreadthetopiccarefullyandorganizeourideas.2009福建改

vorganize/organiseorganise語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織organise基本義“組織”活動(dòng)“組織”想法、時(shí)間等，使之有序組織；籌備整理；分配

organized/organised

[只用于名詞前]有組織的；有安排的：Iwanttoworkwithawellorganizedteam.

有序的；有條理的：averyorganizedperson【詞匯拓展】

organizer/organisern[C]組織者

organisation/organization

n

[C]組織；團(tuán)體；機(jī)構(gòu)form/setupaninternationalorganizationtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)

[U]組織工作(planning)：Heisengagedintheorganizationofanewclub.【文化拓展】希波克拉底（古希臘文：?πποκρ?τη?，前460年——前370年）為古希臘伯里克利時(shí)代的醫(yī)師，被西方尊為“醫(yī)學(xué)之父”，西方醫(yī)學(xué)奠基人。為了抵制“神賜疾病”的謬說(shuō)，希波克拉底積極探索人的肌體特征和疾病的成因，提出了著名的“體液學(xué)說(shuō)”。那時(shí)，尸體解剖為宗教與習(xí)俗所禁止，希波克拉底勇敢地沖破禁令，秘密進(jìn)行了人體解剖，獲得了許多關(guān)于人體結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)?！断２死资难浴肥窍２死拙]人類的古希臘職業(yè)道德的圣典，他向醫(yī)學(xué)界發(fā)出的行業(yè)道德倡議書，是從醫(yī)人員入學(xué)第一課要學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容，也是全社會(huì)所有職業(yè)人員言行自律的要求。身邊的challenge在美國(guó)，如果開車吃到罰單，但是覺得罰單開的不合理，可以向法庭申訴?！癥ourHonor,Iwanttochallengetheticket.閣下，我對(duì)這張罰單有異議。”是法庭上類似案件的常用語(yǔ)。網(wǎng)球比賽中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員要求鷹眼回放會(huì)說(shuō)“challenge”，主裁要根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員挑戰(zhàn)的線做出呼報(bào)“Ms.Zhouischallengingthecallontheright/left/BaseLine,theballwascalledIN/OUT”?；胤乓院?，主裁會(huì)宣布運(yùn)動(dòng)員還有幾次挑戰(zhàn)機(jī)會(huì)Ms.Zhouhastwo

challengesremaining”2014年由美國(guó)波士頓學(xué)院(BOSTONCOLLEGE)前棒球選手發(fā)起的ALS冰桶挑戰(zhàn)賽(IceBucketChallenge)風(fēng)靡全球。各界知名人士紛紛濕身挑戰(zhàn)，旨在喚起公眾對(duì)于“漸凍癥”(肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化癥，ALS)的關(guān)注。其中，“挑戰(zhàn)”是challenge的常用義。challenge■vt

向……挑戰(zhàn)；邀請(qǐng)……比賽：challengesb(tosth):Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess.

對(duì)……質(zhì)疑toquestionwhethersthisright,legal,etc.：challengeaview

考驗(yàn)……的能力totestsb’sabilityandskills：Thejobdoesn’treallychallengeher.■n[C]&[U]挑戰(zhàn)；具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情

enjoy/welcome

accept/takeon/takeup

mount

throwdownovercome/solve

發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)

下戰(zhàn)書戰(zhàn)勝挑戰(zhàn)

面臨挑戰(zhàn)

迎接挑戰(zhàn)facemeet/riseto

喜歡挑戰(zhàn)

接受挑戰(zhàn)challengechallengingadj

有挑戰(zhàn)性的：Challengingastheactivitywas,everyoneenjoyeditandalltheparticipantsbenefitedalotfromit.2020山東寫作方向：Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbedifficult.challenging的語(yǔ)用輸出價(jià)值很高詞匯拓展(challenging)calm話說(shuō)在這個(gè)讓人越來(lái)越不能淡定的時(shí)代，“淡定”這個(gè)詞卻滿天飛——于是我們來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)中這個(gè)可以表示“淡定”的詞——calm。keepcalm、calmdown這樣的詞組都可以用來(lái)勸人保持“淡定”。

(天氣、海洋等)靜的；平靜的：Theweatherwasfineandthelakewascalm.

(人)鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的：Ifyouarelostinthemountains,stay/keepcalminthefaceofdarkness,loneliness,andtheunknown.vt&vi

(使)平靜；平靜下來(lái)：Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.

2020天津calmdown(使)平靜下來(lái)；(使)鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái)：Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.2017全國(guó)n[C]&[U]平靜；鎮(zhèn)靜：Afterastormcomesacalm.（翻譯）calmadj.

tostopfeelingupset,angryorexcited側(cè)重notnervous,“不緊張”辨析calm,quiet,still,silentquiet:Ourschoolissituatedinaquietarea.

Shewasquietandshy.still:Theytoldtheinjureddrivertostaystilluntiltheemergencypersonnelarrived.2016全國(guó)改silent:keep/remainsilentasilent,moonlessnight

asilentfilm/movie

側(cè)重notnoisy,“不吵”側(cè)重notmoving,“不動(dòng)”側(cè)重nosound,“沒有聲響”、“不語(yǔ)”辨析calm,quiet,still,silent

Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson48cameoverandtoldLarryhehad49madeanemergencycall.They50thenheardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毀壞的)vehicle.51

Approachingthevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostay52______untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53butshethoughtthecarwasgoingto54explode.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55incasesheinjuredherneck.2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形填空52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm√confident&confidence樂觀是帶你走向成功的信念。沒有希望和信心，人什么也做不到。 ——海倫

凱勒海倫?凱勒（HelenKeller）出生后十九個(gè)月大時(shí)因病被奪去視力和聽力。她活到88歲，卻有87年生活在無(wú)光、無(wú)聲的世界里。在此時(shí)間里，她先后完成了14本著作。其中最著名的有：《假如給我三天光明》（ThreeDaystoSee）、《我的生活故事》（TheStoryofMyLife）、《石墻故事》（TheSongOfTheStoneWall）。她致力于為殘疾人造福，建立了許多慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，1964年榮獲“總統(tǒng)自由勛章（PresidentialMedaloffreedom）”，次年入選美國(guó)《時(shí)代周刊（Time）》評(píng)選的“二十世紀(jì)美國(guó)十大偶像”之一。confidence詞源con(com)+

-fid

(fidere)+encetogether+totrust

信賴；信任trustorstrongbeliefinsb/sthelse：confidencen[U]相信別人have/loseconfidenceinsb(a)lackofconfidenceinsb/sthgain/win/earnsb’sconfidence

自信；信心thefeelingthatyou’resureaboutyourownabilities,opinions,etc.：IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIwentbacktoschoolasanewperson.increase/buildupone’sconfidenceNaturally,shypeoplemightnothaveenoughconfidencetostartupconversationswithstrangers.

確信；把握thefeelingthatsthwillhappenoristrue：Wehavefullconfidencethatweshallsucceed.相信自己相信事情會(huì)發(fā)生

有信心的；自信的：confident

adj

[不用于名詞前]確信的；有把握的：①(be)confidentaboutsth:相信自己對(duì)某事有信心aconfidentsmileIfeelconfidentabouttheinterview.②(be)confidentof(doing)sth:Weareconfidentofoursuccess.③(be)confident+that從句：Weareconfidentthattheenvironmentwillbeimprovedbyourfurtherefforts.【拓展】confidently

adv自信地；確信地confidentialadj機(jī)密的；機(jī)要的1隨堂檢測(cè)ONE一、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用moment的詞塊完成下列句子。1.Hewassilent

(片刻),thenbeganhisanswer.2.

(在那一刻),Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.”

(2019全國(guó))foramomentAtthatmomentmoment1.今天上午我一刻也沒閑著。(spare)

2.她收到大學(xué)錄取通知書那一刻欣喜萬(wàn)分。(acceptanceletter錄取通知書,joy欣喜)

Themomentshereceived/gotheracceptanceletter,shewasfilledwithjoy.二、根據(jù)所給提示，翻譯下列句子。Ihaven’thadasparemomentthismorning.寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Thecomputersystemscouldspeedupthe

collection

ofinformation.___________2.Ihaveboughtanew

collection

ofpoetry.

___________3.Thepaintingcomesfromhis

privatecollection.___________4.EveryChristmaswehavea

collection

foralocalcharity.

___________5.Therewasaninterestingcollectionofpeopleatthewedding.___________收集詩(shī)集私人收藏募捐一群有趣的人collection根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全下列句子。1.會(huì)議組織得很糟糕。Themeetingwas____________________.2.課后會(huì)組織小組活動(dòng)幫助孩子們培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。(2014重慶)_______________________________afterclasstohelpchildrendevelopteamspirit.3.要寫出好文章，必須先從邏輯上理順?biāo)季w。

Towriteagoodessayyoumustfirst___________________logically.4.大家要我組織這次旅游，可是我把事情搞砸了。Iwasaskedto_______________,butImesseditup.Groupactivitieswillbeorganisedbadlyorganisedorganiseyourideasorganisethetriporganise一、根據(jù)句意選出challenge的最佳釋義。

對(duì)……質(zhì)疑

向……挑戰(zhàn)；邀請(qǐng)……比賽

考驗(yàn)……的能力______1.Thejobistooeasytoreallychallengeher._____2.Suchone-sidedviewsshouldhaveimmediatelybeenchallenged.(2011重慶閱讀理解)______3.Noonehasseriouslychallengedthechampion.二、用所給詞的正確形式填空。Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbe___________(challenge).

(2014江西書面表達(dá))

challengingchallenge1.她在危難中總能保持冷靜。Shealways___________________________intimeofdanger.2.平靜的海上沒有一點(diǎn)跡象顯示暴風(fēng)雨即將來(lái)臨。________________gavenosignofthestormthatwascoming.3.大廳里一片安靜，但這是暴風(fēng)雨前的平靜。Thehallwasveryquiet,butitwas_______________________.4.由于被她那些話所感動(dòng)，他很難平靜下來(lái)。Movedbywhatshesaid,hecouldhardly______________.5.上臺(tái)表演前，每個(gè)人都深吸一口氣讓自己平靜下來(lái)。Beforetheperformanceeverybodyheldadeepbreathto__________________.一、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子。remains/keeps/stayscalmThecalm/stillseathecalmbeforethestormcalmdowncalmthemselvesdowncalm1.Evenwhenshefacesdisasterslikeearthquake,shestillkeeps______.2.Thepolicetried