考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷18（共9套）（共195題）考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)ThemostthoroughlystudiedintellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas"Somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits."Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland'sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife.TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchesinthedecadeafter1629,therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:"comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople."OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurches.Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane's,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion."Ourmainendwastocatchfish."1、Theauthorholdsthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEnglandA、Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife.B、intellectualinterestswereencouraged.C、Politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors.D、intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“Somuchimportanceattachedtointellectualpursuits．”可知，B項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)為原文的篡改。C項(xiàng)從原文的表述中無法推出。D項(xiàng)“對(duì)于知識(shí)的追求享有自由的環(huán)境”在原文中根本沒有體現(xiàn)。2、ItissuggestedinParagraph2thatNewEnglandersA、experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.B、broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld.C、paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife.D、wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第二段中的第二句提到wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture…，題干中的“NewEnglanders”就是文中的“Puritans”，選項(xiàng)中的“broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld”對(duì)應(yīng)文章中的“carriersofEuropeanculture”，因此B項(xiàng)為正確答案。3、TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBayA、werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings.B、gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs.C、abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld.D、createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。從第三段中的最后一句話“Theremenwroteandpublishedextensively，reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences，andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness．”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)和原文所說的范圍不相符，B項(xiàng)在文章中沒有提到，C項(xiàng)片面。4、ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoftenA、influencedbysuperstitions.B、troubledwithreligiousbeliefs.C、puzzledbychurchsermons.D、frustratedwithfamilyearnings.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中JohnDane定位到第四段后半部分。約翰·丹奈的故事敘述了他因?yàn)槭艿阶诮谈姓俣泼裥麓箨憽＿@個(gè)故事作為論據(jù)，論證了上文表述的觀點(diǎn)“那些未受到良好教育的新英格蘭人的思想往往帶有傳統(tǒng)的宗教迷信色彩”。所以A項(xiàng)正確。其他項(xiàng)只作為約翰·丹奈的個(gè)人特點(diǎn)被提及，不是未受到良好教育的新英格蘭人的共同特點(diǎn)。5、ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEnglandA、weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities.B、weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect.C、camefromdifferentbackgrounds.D、leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第三段首句提到，馬薩諸塞灣的早期移民中包括在英國(guó)受過良好教育并具有相當(dāng)影響力的人；第四段第一句和第三句提到，大多數(shù)新英格蘭人并未受過良好的教育，他們的思想常常帶有傳統(tǒng)的宗教迷信色彩；第五段首句提到，還有很多移民沒有虔誠(chéng)的宗教信仰。因此可推知C項(xiàng)正確，intellectualbackgrounds是對(duì)文中提到的教育、宗教背景的概括。A項(xiàng)“政治活動(dòng)”在文中沒有涉及。第二、三段提到早期移民被視為歐洲文化的使者，他們中包括著書廣泛、具有相當(dāng)影響力的人。因此排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled"AskMarilyn."PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,what'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant'sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle"HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?",Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit'sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.6、Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?A、Answeringphilosophicalquestions.B、Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.C、Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.D、Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。答案信息所在的關(guān)鍵句子是IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies，toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut，andtodeducenumericalsequences，amongothersimilartasks。A項(xiàng)“Answeringphilosophicalquestions．”回答哲學(xué)問題，文章沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes．”把紙張疊成或裁剪成不同形狀，與文中不符：C項(xiàng)“Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts．”判斷并指出一定概念之間的區(qū)別，文中沒提到；D項(xiàng)“Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones．"在給出的相似的單詞和圖片中進(jìn)行選擇，與文中completeverbalandvisualanalogies一致，所以D項(xiàng)正確。7、WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?A、PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.B、MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.C、Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.D、Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段。由bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion可知，智商測(cè)試現(xiàn)有成人和兒童兩個(gè)版本，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“人們不再使用智商分?jǐn)?shù)作為智商高低的指標(biāo)”：B項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們可以再互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲得更多版本的智商測(cè)試”與原文表述不符合。D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家已經(jīng)明確了人類智商中的重要因素”，屬于過度推斷。8、PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sbecauseA、thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.B、creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.C、vosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.D、thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段。倒數(shù)第二句“SuperhighscoreslikeVOSSavant’sarenolongerpossible，becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers，ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100．”說明現(xiàn)在的記分方法是基于同齡群體分布統(tǒng)計(jì)的，與之前的傳統(tǒng)方法不同，因此A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在更強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造能力而不是分析能力”屬于過度推斷，C項(xiàng)不能說明原因，D項(xiàng)文章沒有提到。9、WecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthatA、testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.B、IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.C、testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.D、traditionaltestareoutofdate.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段。第二句說傳統(tǒng)智商測(cè)試不能評(píng)估創(chuàng)造力和實(shí)踐能力，第四句提到在壓力大的情況下，根據(jù)智商分?jǐn)?shù)預(yù)測(cè)出的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力與實(shí)際情況相反，由此可知A項(xiàng)“測(cè)試分?jǐn)?shù)可能不是體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人能力高低的可靠指標(biāo)”為正確選項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)生拉硬套，C項(xiàng)以偏概全，D項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。10、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?A、Supportive.B、Skeptical.C、Impartial.D、Biased.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。本題的關(guān)鍵在于第二段。第二段首句“Clearly，intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest．”之后連續(xù)三個(gè)疑問句，“Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified，andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology，genetics，computerscienceandotherfields?”表明作者對(duì)智力測(cè)試持懷疑的態(tài)度。所以選B項(xiàng)skeptical“懷疑的”。A項(xiàng)Supportive“支持的”，C項(xiàng)Impartial“中立的”，D項(xiàng)Biased“有偏見的”，均不符合。Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter'sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof"whom",forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnonstandardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish"onpaperplatesinsteadofchina".Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.11、AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglishA、isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms.B、isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment.C、hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture.D、broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，麥荷特先生擅長(zhǎng)語(yǔ)言史以及語(yǔ)言演變，他認(rèn)為類似“whom”這一類的正式英語(yǔ)詞匯的消失沒什么大驚小怪的，就像古英語(yǔ)中一些繁瑣的詞格消失一樣。由此可知，麥荷特認(rèn)為正式英語(yǔ)的退化只是語(yǔ)言發(fā)展中的自然現(xiàn)象，故選B項(xiàng)。12、Theword"talking"(Para.3)denotesA、modesty.B、personality.C、liveliness.D、informality.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：含義題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，“走自己的路”這一對(duì)事物真實(shí)性和個(gè)人性的崇高信條，已經(jīng)使正式演講、寫作、詩(shī)歌及音樂消亡了，即正式英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)在退化了。最后一句指出，無論是在書面還是在口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中，talking要?jiǎng)龠^speaking，spontaneity(即興發(fā)揮)也要?jiǎng)龠^craft(精心準(zhǔn)備)。由此可知，talking之于speaking就類似于spontaneity和craft的對(duì)比，“即興發(fā)揮”就是使用非正式的語(yǔ)言，“精心準(zhǔn)備”代表使用正式的語(yǔ)言。因此talking與speaking的對(duì)比也就是非正式和正式英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用的對(duì)比，talking代表的就是非正式英語(yǔ)，故選D項(xiàng)。13、TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?A、Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.B、BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.C、Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.D、Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，麥荷特先生認(rèn)為我們盡管說話不規(guī)范，但這不一定就會(huì)讓我們的思考變得不準(zhǔn)確，也就是，他認(rèn)為邏輯思維和說話方式不是有必然聯(lián)系的。所以選A項(xiàng)。14、ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’sA、interestintheirlanguage.B、appreciationoftheirefforts.C、admirationfortheirmemory.D、contemptfortheirold-fashionedness.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容，作者首先描述了俄羅斯人愛好背誦詩(shī)歌以及意大利的政客們傾向于精心準(zhǔn)備演講。作者用這些例子來說明以下觀點(diǎn)，即“麥荷特為那些雖不實(shí)用卻很美好的事物的消逝而哀嘆”。經(jīng)過分析得知，在作者的眼里，“俄羅斯人愛好背誦詩(shī)歌”和“意大利的政客精心準(zhǔn)備演講”都屬于這些“雖不實(shí)用卻很美好的事物”。由此可以推知，作者對(duì)俄羅斯人的做法是抱著欣賞態(tài)度的，表達(dá)的是對(duì)美好事物消逝的哀嘆，故選B項(xiàng)。15、Accordingtothelastparagraph,"paperplates"isto"china"asA、temporaryisto"permanent".B、radicalisto"conservative".C、functionalisto"artistic".D、humbleisto"noble".標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句可知，麥荷特先生并不覺得正式英語(yǔ)是不可或缺的，也并沒提出徹底的教育改革——他只是為那些“雖不實(shí)用卻很美好的事物”的消逝而哀嘆，如今我們過多地用非正式英語(yǔ)去替代正式英語(yǔ)。這雖然令人慚愧，但已經(jīng)無法避免。由此可知，作者用“紙盤子”和“瓷盤子”來比喻正式英語(yǔ)的退化，聯(lián)系上文可以推知，“紙盤子”指的是那些“實(shí)用卻不美好”的事物，即非正式英語(yǔ)；“瓷盤子”則是指那些“不實(shí)用卻美好”的事物，即正式英語(yǔ)，故選C項(xiàng)。Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,"uccellidipassaggio",birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon'tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday'sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,"moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.16、"Birdsofpassage"referstothosewhoA、findpermanentjobsoverseas.B、leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.C、immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.D、stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段即出現(xiàn)了birdsofpassage。第一段最后一句話為Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname，“uccellidipassaggio，”birdsofpassage。此句中They指代前一句的Aboutaquarter…forgood，也就是指那些在移民地工作了一段時(shí)間又返回家鄉(xiāng)的人們，因此D項(xiàng)“在外國(guó)短暫停留的人們”正確。A項(xiàng)“在海外找到了永久工作的人們”、B項(xiàng)“為了某種好處離開家鄉(xiāng)的人們”、C項(xiàng)“跨越大西洋移居的人們”均與文章不符。17、ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUSA、needsnewimmigrantcategories.B、hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.C、shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges.D、hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第二段中提到了ourbrokenimmigrationsystem(支離破碎的移民體系)和最后一句“然后我們可以開始解決移民的挑戰(zhàn)”，可以知道美國(guó)當(dāng)前的移民體系問題與挑戰(zhàn)并存。然后根據(jù)文中兩個(gè)Weneedto…Wecanrecognize…thenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges可知答案為C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)適應(yīng)新的挑戰(zhàn)”。A項(xiàng)“需要新的移民種類”與原文相反，B項(xiàng)“放松了對(duì)移民的控制”原文未提及。D項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)通過政治手段修復(fù)”，原文只是說在如何修復(fù)當(dāng)前的移民體系這個(gè)問題上存在長(zhǎng)期的政治癱瘓，可見還沒有在政治上找到修復(fù)的辦法。18、Accordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewantA、financialincentives.B、aglobalrecognition.C、opportunitiestogetregularjobs.D、thefreedomtostayandleave.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)信號(hào)詞定位到第三段，可知今天的“候鳥”跟隨著工作、金錢、觀念的潮流在全球各個(gè)地方遷徙。原文中的prefer與題干中的want構(gòu)成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確答案為D項(xiàng)“留下和離開的自由”。stayandleave即是原文中的comeandgo。A項(xiàng)片面，吸引短暫移民者的不僅僅是金錢(financialincentives)，還有工作(work)和觀念(idea)。B項(xiàng)“全球的認(rèn)可”、C項(xiàng)“得到一般工作的機(jī)會(huì)”原文均未提及。19、TheauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreatedA、asfaithfulpartners.B、withlegaltolerance.C、witheconomicfavors.D、asmightyrivals.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。依據(jù)出題順序，本題答案從第四、五段中尋找。本題可用排除法。第四段“…withoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever”可見他們不必是faithful(忠誠(chéng)的)，排除A項(xiàng)。“Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthere”可見不是把他們看作rivals(對(duì)手)，排除D項(xiàng)。第五段提到我們應(yīng)該適應(yīng)這個(gè)新的移民世界，管理移民需要多種手段并產(chǎn)生多種結(jié)果，即我們對(duì)待新移民要包容，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地排斥或是把他們僅看作經(jīng)濟(jì)上的參與者，因此排除C項(xiàng)，選B項(xiàng)。20、ThemostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbeA、ComeandGo:BigMistakeB、LivingandThriving:GreatRiskC、LegalorIllegal:BigMistakeD、Withorwithout:GreatRisk標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。文章第二段第二句中提到“我們把新移民分成兩類：合法的和不合法的”，同時(shí)作者認(rèn)為“我們需要超越合法與不合法的嚴(yán)格定義”，這說明從合法和不合法的角度對(duì)移民分類是錯(cuò)誤的。整篇文章都是圍繞這個(gè)中心展開，因此答案選C項(xiàng)。BigMistake指的并非是移民留下或者離開，因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)說的是Risk(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))，原文并未提及。考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Allmenarecreatedequal,orsoreckonedThomasJeffersonashedraftedAmerica'sDeclarationofIndependencein1776.SubsequentAmericanshavehadreasontoquestionthefoundingfather.Sotoohavepeopleinthelandfromwhichthenewnationgaineditsfreedom.AmericaandBritainareamongthemostunequalcountriesintherichworldandBritain,atanyrate,ismoreunequalnowthanitwasagenerationago.ThatistheconclusionofastudycommissionedbyHarrietHarman,theequalitiesminister.ClassandmoneyhavealwaysstronglyaffectedhowpeopledoinlifeinBritain,withwell-heeledfamiliesbreedingaffluentchildrenjustastheoffspringofthedesperatelypoortendtoremainpoor.AllthatwassupposedtohaveceasedattheendoftheSecondWorldWar,withthebirthofawelfarestatedesignedtomeetbasicneedsandpromotesocialmobility.Butdespitedevotingmuchthoughtandmoremoneytoimprovingthelotofthepoor,governmentshavefailedtoboostthoseatthebottomofthepileasmuchasthoseatthetophaveboostedthemselves.Thenewstudy,ledbyJohnHillsoftheLondonSchoolofEconomics,found,forexample,thattherichesttenthofhouseholdsreceivedincomemorethanfourtimesthatofthepooresttenth;justagenerationago,itwasthreetimesasmuch.Internationally,onlysixofthe30membersoftheOECD,aclubofmainlyrichcountries,showgreaterinequality.Wealthisdistributedfarmoreunequallythanincome,withtherichesttenthinBritainholdingassetsworthalmost100timesthoseofthepoorest.Althoughthestudyfoundthatsomeofthewidestgapsbetweensocialgroupshavediminishedovertime,deep-seateddifferencesbetweenhavesandhave-notspersist,ruiningthelifechancesofthelessfortunate.Politiciansofallstripestalkupequalityofopportunity,arguingthatitmakesforafairerandmoremobilesociety,andamoreprosperousone.Thegoalofgreaterequalityofoutcomesalsohasitsboosters.In"TheSpiritLevel",epidemicdiseaseexpertsKatePickettandRichardWilkinsonclaimthatmoreequalsocietiesarehealthierthanunequalones,aswellashappier.Notallagree,butinacountrywheretheNationalHealthServiceaccountsforalmostafifthofpublicspending,itisworthconsidering.Thedifficultyarisesinputtingthesenotionsintopractice,throughseveretaxincreasesforthemiddleclassandwealthy,orexpandinggovernmentintervention.Thesehavenotrecentlybeenvote-winningpropositions,buttherecessionthatBritainisnowlimpingawayfrommayhavechangedthings.1、AccordingtoHarrietHarman,inBritain,A、inequalityhasdisappeared.B、therich-poorgaphasnarrowed.C、varioussocialinequalitiesspringup.D、theunequalsituationhasworsened.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由HarrietHarman定位至第一段后半部分，其中④句講到英圍社會(huì)貧富差距比幾十年前更大，即不平等現(xiàn)象加劇了，D項(xiàng)與之相符。2、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A、ClassandmoneydetermineeverythinginBritain.B、GapbetweenpoorandrichremainsafterWorldWarII.C、BasicneedsaremetinBritainthankstothewelfarepolicy.D、TheBritishgovernmentmakesfeweffortstohelpthepoor.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：段落理解題。從第二段整段可以看出，英國(guó)貧富差距的問題并沒有隨著政府的努力而消失，這個(gè)問題時(shí)至今日依然存在，而③句的But更是表明貧富差距并沒有因?yàn)槎?zhàn)而結(jié)束，故選B項(xiàng)。3、JohnHills’studyhasfoundthatA、therichestreceiveincomefourtimesmorethanthepoorest.B、BritainisanOECDmemberwiththehighestrateofinequality.C、wealthdistributionismoreunequalthanincomedistribution.D、mostgapsbetweensocialgroupshavedisappearedovertime.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由JohnHills’study迅速定位至第三段，該段③句指明英國(guó)財(cái)富的不均衡比收入不均衡更加顯著，C項(xiàng)與之相符,為正確答案。4、ItisindicatedinParagraph4thatBritishpoliticiansA、onlyindulgeinemptytalks.B、advocatefaireropportunities.C、boosttheequalityofoutcomes.D、ignoretherealneedofthepoor.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。第四段②句表明，政客們都大肆宣揚(yáng)機(jī)會(huì)均等能帶來更加平等、流動(dòng)性更強(qiáng)和更加繁榮的社會(huì)．由此不難判斷B項(xiàng)為正確答案。5、KatePickettandRichardWilkinsonholdthatfairercountriesA、enjoyahigherlevelofwell-being.B、areoftenmoremobileandprosperous.C、featurestrongergovernmentintervention.D、canberealizedbyseveretaxincreases.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由KatePickett和RichardWilkinson定位至第四段④句，該句中claim后面的that從句表明，生活在更加平等社會(huì)的人更健康．更愉快，故選A項(xiàng)。On26March,theItalianSenateapprovedabillthatwouldgivephysiciansinthecountrytherighttooverridethelivingwillsofpeoplewhoareinapersistentvegetativestate,andtotrytokeepthepatientsalivethroughartificialnutrition.Themeasurehascausedintensecontroversy.Manycountrieshavelaws,orestablishedcodesofmedicalpractice,thatprotecttheexpressedwishesofanindividualtodeclinetreatmentiftheybecomeseverelyincapacitatedandincapableofcommunicating.InmostUSstates,forexample,adoctormustnegotiatewithrelativesviaanethicscommitteeifheorshebelievesthatapatientincapacitatedinthiswaycouldbenefitfromadditionaltreatment.TheItalianbill,however,explicitlyallowsphysicianstooverrulesuchlivingwills.Italsodeclaresthatartificialnutritionisnotaclinicalintervention.Curiously,theproposedlawappliesonlytopatientsinthetypeofprolonged,deepcomaknownasapersistentvegetativestate,andnottothosewithother,similarlyincapacitatingillnesses.Thisisbecausethebillhasbeenpromptedbytherecentandmuch-publicizeddeathofEluanaEnglaro,whospent17yearsinavegetativestateafteracaraccidentattheageof21.Herfather,arguingthathisdaughterhadvoicedadesiretobeallowedtodieifincapacitated,hadpressedherreluctantdoctorstoceaseartificialfeeding.Heeventuallytooklegalaction,winninginonecourtafterthenextinfightingoffallthedoctors'appeals.InFebruary,hefinallyhadhermovedtoahospitalthatwaspreparedtoremovethefeedingtube.PrimeMinisterSilvioBerlusconiissuedanemergencydecreetoblocktheprocess,buttheItalianpresidentrefusedtosignit.TheconstitutionalcrisiswasavertedwhenEnglarodiedon9February.SurveyshaveindicatedthatalargemajorityofItaliansdonotsupporttheideathatlivingwillscouldbeignoredButmostrelevantscientificsocietieshavebeenquietTheFederationofItalianPhysicianspublishedonlyamildstatement,aftertheSenatevote,suggestingthatitshouldhavebeenconsulted.AstragicasEnglaro'ssituationwas,media-fuelledemotionisnotagoodbasisforlawmaking.TheItalianconstitutionsaysthatnoonecanbeforcedtoundergomedicaltreatmentwithouthisorherapproval.TheItalianparliamentmustnowensurethatthebillisimbuedwithasuitablelevelofscientificandlegalsophistication,andthatitmeetsthisconstitutionalprovision.Discussionneedstoembracetherequestedwiderconsultationwiththemedicalcommunityandprovisionsshouldbemadeforcare-givers'conscientiousobjection.Butaphysicianwhoseconscienceprecludeshisorherpersonallyremovingafeedingtubeshouldnothavethelastsayinthelifeordeathofapatientwhosewishesareclearlystated.6、Theword"override"(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeansA、protect.B、scorn.C、ignore.D、respect.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義理解題，這類題型需要根據(jù)上下文推斷出詞義。本段講到法案規(guī)定醫(yī)生有權(quán)——病人的死亡意愿，而下段講到此法案引起了激烈爭(zhēng)論，因?yàn)楹芏鄧?guó)家支持個(gè)人放棄治療的意愿，兩者意思相反，故判斷此處是賦予醫(yī)生“忽視”病人意愿的權(quán)力，C項(xiàng)正確。7、InParagraph2,USstatesarecitedasanexampletoshowthatA、theexpressedwishesofanindividualareprotectedbylawsorcodesofmedicalpractice.B、adoctormustdiscusswithrelativesofthepatientwhenprovidingadd