ICS65.020.20

CCSB05

43

湖南省地方標準

DB43/T2392—2022

姬松茸輕簡化框栽生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程

TechnicalspecificationforsimplifiedboxplantingofAgaricusblazei

2022-07-08發(fā)布2022-10-08實施

湖南省市場監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

DB43/T2392—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義············································································································1

4場地要求···············································································································1

5原料要求···············································································································1

6栽培技術(shù)···············································································································2

6.1栽培季節(jié)·········································································································2

6.2菌種選擇·········································································································2

6.3栽培方法·········································································································2

6.4菌絲培養(yǎng)·········································································································3

6.5出菇管理·········································································································4

6.6采收···············································································································4

7病蟲害防治············································································································4

7.1病蟲害種類······································································································4

7.2病害防治·········································································································4

7.3蟲害防治·········································································································5

8檔案管理···············································································································5

8.1檔案···············································································································5

8.2檔案保存期限···································································································5

附錄A（資料性）農(nóng)業(yè)投入品（種子、農(nóng)藥、廢料、農(nóng)膜）變化記錄···································6

附錄B（資料性）農(nóng)事記錄·························································································7

附錄C（資料性）農(nóng)藥、肥料、農(nóng)膜使用記錄·································································8

附錄D（資料性）農(nóng)產(chǎn)品檢測記錄················································································9

附錄E（資料性）農(nóng)產(chǎn)品采收、銷售記錄·····································································10

附錄F（資料性）農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物、廢舊塑料框回收記錄················································11

I

DB43/T2392—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。

本文件由湖南農(nóng)業(yè)標準化技術(shù)委員會歸口。

本文件起草單位：湖南湘蕈生物科技有限公司、湖南省微生物研究院、長沙市食用菌協(xié)會。

本文件主要起草人：喻桃生、吳勝蓮、吳明聰、喻海鑫、賀月林、劉瑤、楊袆、許雋、唐少軍、馮

雙、彭波、彭燦、熊海燕。

III

DB43/T2392—2022

姬松茸輕簡化框栽生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了姬松茸輕簡化框栽生產(chǎn)的術(shù)語和定義、場地要求、原料要求、栽培技術(shù)、病蟲害防治

和檔案管理。

本文件適用于姬松茸輕簡化框栽。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本

文件。

GB4806.7食品安全國家標準食品接觸用塑料材料及制品

NY/T1276農(nóng)藥安全使用規(guī)范

NY/T1742食用菌菌種通用技術(shù)要求

NY/T2375食用菌生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)范

NY5099無公害農(nóng)產(chǎn)品食用菌裁培基質(zhì)安全技術(shù)要求

3術(shù)語和定義

輕簡化框栽是指經(jīng)一次發(fā)酵處理后的栽培原料，裝入小規(guī)格塑料（竹、木）框內(nèi)，運輸?shù)綄Ｓ冒l(fā)酵

窖或已消毒并做好密閉和保溫措施的菇房（棚），集中進行二次發(fā)酵后，再分散運輸?shù)揭严竟椒浚ㄅ铮?/p>

進行播種栽培出菇的栽培方式。

4場地要求

4.1環(huán)境條件應符合NY/T2375的規(guī)定，生產(chǎn)用水應符合NY5099的規(guī)定。

4.2室內(nèi)框栽時，菇房長度小于30m，寬度小于8m，高度大于3m，有給水排水設施，且要設置空

氣對流通風窗，有條件的可配置控風控溫控濕設施。

4.3大棚框栽時，菇棚長度小于30m，寬度小于8m，高度大于3m，排水良好、水源充足，背風向

陽，且要設置空氣對流通風窗，棚頂有隔熱、防雨、遮光覆蓋物。

5原料要求

原料主要有雞、牛、豬糞以及木屑、谷殼、稻草、玉米芯、其他秸稈等，應符合NY5099的要求。

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DB43/T2392—2022

6栽培技術(shù)

6.1栽培季節(jié)

2月中旬～3月中下旬堆制培養(yǎng)料，3月上中旬～4月中下旬播種，4月中上旬～11月上旬出菇。

6.2菌種選擇

選用有生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營資質(zhì)的單位提供菌種，且菌種符合NY/T1742的要求；品種選用抗逆性強、高產(chǎn)、

優(yōu)質(zhì)的姬松茸菌株。

6.3栽培方法

6.3.1配制培養(yǎng)基

6.3.1.1培養(yǎng)基推薦配方

培養(yǎng)基可據(jù)當?shù)刭Y源選擇，推薦配方見表1。

表1培養(yǎng)基推薦配方

序號配方（以每平方米為例）

1稻草18千克，木屑5.25千克，干牛糞6千克，過磷酸鈣0.3千克，石膏0.3千克，尿素0.15千克。

2玉米秸9千克，稻草9千克，木屑6千克，干牛糞5.25千克，尿素0.15千克，石灰0.3千克，石膏0.3千克。

3蘆葦18千克，木屑5.4千克，干雞糞或牛馬糞6千克，石灰0.3千克，石膏0.15千克，尿素0.15千克。

6.3.1.2培養(yǎng)料備料

按選擇的配方準備培養(yǎng)基原料，一般用料量為30kg/m2。原料應新鮮無霉變；稻草、麥草、蘆葦及

玉米稈應碾壓或粉碎后使用；干牛、雞糞等要充分搗碎。

6.3.1.3培養(yǎng)料建堆發(fā)酵

發(fā)酵堆的長度以操作便利為準，寬度1.2m～1.5m，高度1.0m～1.2m。先鋪一層20cm厚的草

料，再將牛糞等原料拌勻后均勻撒在草料上，一邊鋪料一邊加符合NY5099規(guī)定的生活飲用水，底部適

當少加水，上部適當多加水，混合后含水量60％～70％，用3％～5％的石灰水調(diào)節(jié)pH8～pH8.5，共鋪

5層～6層，一般以2000kg～3000kg的原料為一堆，每隔1m設置一個直徑10cm的通氣孔，最后蓋

膜發(fā)酵。

6.3.1.4培養(yǎng)料翻堆

培養(yǎng)料建堆后16d～18d，每天上下午分別觀察1次溫度，每次堆內(nèi)溫度升至65℃～72℃后開

始下降時及時翻堆，翻堆時，將四周的料翻到中間，堆高和堆寬盡量不變，邊翻堆邊拌勻，邊加3％～

5％的石灰水調(diào)至料含水量為60％～70％，第一次翻堆時加入尿素，第二次隔4d～5d翻堆1次，共翻

堆2次。

6.3.1.5移料裝框進房

一次發(fā)酵完成后的培養(yǎng)料，裝入框內(nèi)后移進專用發(fā)酵窖或已消毒并做好密閉和保溫措施菇房（棚），

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DB43/T2392—2022

框規(guī)格：（50cm～60cm）×（35cm～40cm）×（20cm～25cm），鋪料厚度20cm～25cm，均勻翻拌

抖松，邊鋪邊粉碎大的糞塊、選出藍綠色糞塊、土塊等雜質(zhì)，若料太濕可均勻撒入石灰粉或多翻料1次，

若培養(yǎng)料過干可結(jié)合翻料，用5％石灰水調(diào)節(jié)濕度，裝框必需當天完成，同時打開菇房通風孔排氣排濕。

6.3.1.6二次發(fā)酵

密閉發(fā)酵窖或菇房通蒸汽，進行二次發(fā)酵。待料溫升到40℃～45℃（15h～20h）后，加溫升

到58℃～62℃進行巴氏滅菌10h～12h，隨后降溫到48℃～52℃維持96h～144h，將料框移入

已消毒菇的菇房（棚），通風換氣到料無氨味后，降溫到30℃以下播種。

6.3.2播種覆土

6.3.2.1選擇菌種

在播種前一天進行最后一次菌種檢查，選擇菌絲生活力強，色澤潔白，無病蟲害的菌種，25℃左

右培養(yǎng)條件下，麥粒種（600克/瓶）菌齡小于45d（25℃左右培養(yǎng)），糞草種菌齡小于55d（300克/

瓶）。

6.3.2.2用具和菌種消毒

先做好播種前的雜菌污染防治工作，菌種瓶的外壁，挖菌種用的鐵鉤、鑷子，盛菌種用的小盆等物

均用0.1％高錳酸鉀溶液洗干凈，雙手用75％酒精消毒，播種時，穿戴干凈的衣服、鞋、帽等，按要求

規(guī)范操作。

6.3.2.3覆土選取與復合土制作

選擇無污染源的塘泥或耕作地土，耕作地土先挖去約4cm的表土，然后挖取耕作層內(nèi)20cm的土

壤，取出的土壤打碎后與已堆漚3天以上，含水量為60％～70％的谷殼，按土1m3：10kg谷殼比例拌

勻，然后再加水和噴2％甲醛密閉消毒24h～48h，復合土土含水量以手捏土壤成團、不粘手、不板結(jié)

為宜。

6.3.2.4打孔播種覆土栽培

先每框料面離框邊5cm，中間每隔10cm左右打直徑1cm，深15cm小孔，一般每框橫排3孔豎

排4孔，然后每孔用手指塞進適量菌種，最后在料面均勻散一層菌種封面，播完后將料面輕輕拍平，使

菌種緊貼培養(yǎng)料，再蓋上4cm～5cm復合土；一般孔內(nèi)用種量占70％，每平方米糞草種3瓶（300g/

瓶），麥粒種2瓶（600g/瓶）。

6.4菌絲培養(yǎng)

6.4.1菇房（棚）消毒

菇房（棚）在進料前徹底清掃和消毒。消毒的藥物及用量是：每立方米用高錳酸鉀5g加入36％

甲醛10ml后密閉2d。

6.4.2栽培方式

宜選擇床架式框栽或地塊式框栽。床架栽培可設4層～5層，架寬1.0m～1.2m，層間距0.45m～

0.55m，每架間距0.6m～0.7m；地塊栽培地溝深0.1m～0.2m，地溝寬0.3m～0.4m，地塊寬1.0m～

1.2m；料框置于床架或地塊上。

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DB43/T2392—2022

6.4.3發(fā)菌管理

播種覆土后，早晚各通風1h左右，采用地面施水地溝灌水維持室（棚）內(nèi)相對濕度80％～85％；

溫度宜控制在25℃以內(nèi)，約20d～25d，當菌絲大部分長到土層表面時用小耙將表土輕輕搔動一次（搔

菌）。若發(fā)現(xiàn)大量菌絲冒出土面，加大通風抑制菌絲徒長。

6.5出菇管理

6.5.1噴結(jié)菇水摧菇

搔菌后3d～5d，菌絲普遍開始突出土表時，就通風量加大2d～3d，降溫到24℃以下，每天

噴結(jié)菇水2次～3次，以土質(zhì)能搓得圓，捏得扁為標準，每次噴水后進行一次大通風排濕。

6.5.2噴出菇水

當子實體普遍長到黃豆大小時，每天噴頭向上45度角噴水3次～4次，讓霧狀水均勻落到菇蕾上，

以菇蓋現(xiàn)水不滴水為宜；噴水后減少菇房（棚）通風量，加大空氣濕度，保持相對濕度85％～90％。

6.5.3轉(zhuǎn)潮補土

每潮菇采收結(jié)束后，剔除表面上的老根死菇，增補濕潤的細土，相應減少噴水量，加大通風量，當

有菇蕾再產(chǎn)生時，逐漸加大噴水量，采菇1潮～2潮后，若床面出現(xiàn)土層菌絲板結(jié)現(xiàn)象，及時打孔松動

土層。

6.6采收

6.6.1適時采收

現(xiàn)蕾后5d～7d，菇蓋大小3cm～4cm，菌膜未破時采收，每天根據(jù)氣溫高低，可采收3次～5次。

6.6.2采收方法

用手捏住菇柄，輕輕旋轉(zhuǎn)采下，勿傷害周圍小菇；叢生的密菇，用小刀切取大菇，留下小菇，不可

整叢拉動。

6.6.3采后處理

采收后，削去殘留在菇柄上的柄基變黃部分、培養(yǎng)料及雜質(zhì)，清除殘留在菇體上的培養(yǎng)料、雜質(zhì)，

柄長留2cm～5cm，按大小分級后，裝入干凈專用容器內(nèi)，在0℃～5℃溫度下冷藏保存8h～10h后

出售。接觸菇體的塑料框和內(nèi)包裝塑料膜應符合GB4806.7的規(guī)定，干制宜采用電熱脫水烘干機烘干。

7病蟲害防治

7.1病蟲害種類

姬松茸的主要病害有：綠霉、毛霉、青霉、曲霉、鬼傘菌等。

主要蟲害有紅蜘蛛、蠅、蚊、蛞蝓等。

7.2病害防治

發(fā)現(xiàn)雜菌，及時挖除，并在病區(qū)撒生石灰消毒，及時補種菌種，嚴重者，整框移出處理。

4

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7.3蟲害防治

7.3.1蠅、蚊

阻隔法防害蟲，在菇房（棚）安裝沙窗防止害蟲飛入。

7.3.2蛞蝓

傍晚在蛞蝓活動處撒石灰粉，每隔3d～4d撒一次，或人工捕殺。

7.3.3紅蜘蛛

麥麩炒香后用小盆分裝，再拌上殺螨特或四螨嗪，放在菇房（棚）內(nèi)紅蜘蛛活動處誘殺。

7.4藥物禁忌

應選擇國家已登記可在食用菌上使用的農(nóng)藥產(chǎn)品，藥物的使用應符合NY/T1276的要求，按說明書

執(zhí)行，菇蕾形成后禁用藥物。

8檔案管理

8.1檔案

8.1.1農(nóng)業(yè)投入品檔案

對主要投入品的生產(chǎn)單位、經(jīng)營地址、票據(jù)號碼、變化日期（購買、領(lǐng)用、退回）、變化數(shù)量、經(jīng)

辦人、使用地塊、庫存等應逐項如實登記，記載內(nèi)容見附錄A。

8.1.2農(nóng)事記錄檔案

對主要農(nóng)事活動逐項如實記載，記載內(nèi)容見附錄B。

8.1.3農(nóng)藥、肥料、農(nóng)膜使用記載檔案

對主要農(nóng)藥、肥料、農(nóng)膜使用如實記載，記載內(nèi)容見附錄C。

8.1.4農(nóng)產(chǎn)品檢測記錄檔案

對日期、地塊、產(chǎn)品名稱、檢測方法、檢測結(jié)論、檢測單位、不合格產(chǎn)品處置情況、責任人如實記

載，記載內(nèi)容見附錄D。

8.1.5農(nóng)產(chǎn)品采收、銷售記錄檔案

對地塊、采收日期、品種、數(shù)量、銷售日期、數(shù)量、金額、檢測報告編號、銷售去向及聯(lián)系方式、

追溯編碼、合格證編號、經(jīng)辦人如實記載，記載內(nèi)容見附錄E。

8.1.6農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物、廢舊塑料框回收記錄檔案

對農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物、廢舊塑料框回收如實記載，記載內(nèi)容見附錄F。

8.2檔案保存期限

一般保存三年以上。

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附錄A

（資料性）

農(nóng)業(yè)投入品（種子、農(nóng)藥、廢料、農(nóng)膜）變化記錄

變化日期

投入品基本信息變化數(shù)量經(jīng)辦人使用地塊庫存

購買領(lǐng)用退回

投入品名稱：

生產(chǎn)單位：

經(jīng)營地址:

票據(jù)號碼：

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附錄B

（資料性）

農(nóng)事記錄

地塊編號：產(chǎn)品品類：規(guī)模/種植面積（畝）

日期農(nóng)事操作內(nèi)容操作人備注

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附錄C

（資料性）

農(nóng)藥、肥料、農(nóng)膜使用記錄

農(nóng)藥/肥料

日期使用目的使用方法用量地塊安全間隔期采收日期操作員備注

名稱

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附錄D

（資料性）

農(nóng)產(chǎn)品檢測記錄

不合格產(chǎn)品處

日期地塊產(chǎn)品名稱檢測方法檢測結(jié)論檢測單位責任人

置情況

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附錄E

（資料性）

農(nóng)產(chǎn)品采收、銷售記錄

銷售金額檢測報告銷售去向合格證

地塊采收日期采收品種采收數(shù)量銷售日期銷售數(shù)量追溯編碼經(jīng)辦人

（元)編號及聯(lián)系方式編號

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附錄F

（資料性）

農(nóng)藥包裝廢棄物、廢舊塑料框回收記錄

回收數(shù)量

回收日期產(chǎn)品名稱使用地塊回收處置方式操作員備注

（公斤）

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目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義············································································································1

4場地要求···············································································································1

5原料要求···············································································································1

6栽培技術(shù)···············································································································2

6.1栽培季節(jié)·········································································································2

6.2菌種選擇·········································································································2

6.3栽培方法·········································································································2

6.4菌絲培養(yǎng)·········································································································3

6.5出菇管理·········································································································4

6.6采收···············································································································4

7病蟲害防治············································································································4

7.1病蟲害種類······································································································4

7.2病害防治·········································································································4

7.3蟲害防治·········································································································5

8檔案管理···············································································································5

8.1檔案···············································································································5

8.2檔案保存期限···································································································5

附錄A（資料性）農(nóng)業(yè)投入品（種子、農(nóng)藥、廢料、農(nóng)膜）變化記錄···································6

附錄B（資料性）農(nóng)事記錄···························