定語從句語法初三一輪復(fù)習(xí)牛津譯林九年級【知識梳理1】定語

定語為句子的次要成分，起修飾限制名詞或代詞的作用，可分為前置定語和。一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語、動詞、分詞(短語)或句子充當(dāng)。小試牛刀：找一找哪些詞是定語Hismotherisateacher.Mr.Blackhastwodaughters.ThegirlbehindmeisMike.Abarkingdogseldombites.MostofthepeoplehereknowChinesehistoryalot.Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasunderdiscussion.IwanttoknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMrs.Green.【知識梳理2】定語從句的定義

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞，代詞或者整個(gè)句子的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞叫做引導(dǎo)詞。Doyouknowtheboywhoiswearingabluejacket?Thedressthat/whichismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican’taffordit.Thenumberofthepeoplewho/thatowncarsisincreasing.Thehousethat(which)thefamouspersononcelivedinisveryoldnow.【知識梳理3】引導(dǎo)詞

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等成分；關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語（時(shí)間狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語或原因狀語）常見的關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose。常見的關(guān)系副詞：where,when,why，as關(guān)系代詞的用法指代對象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物主格who,thatwhich,thatthat賓格whom,that所有格whosewhose當(dāng)先行詞是人，引導(dǎo)詞用that,who,whom,whose\Idon’tknowthemanwho/thatistalkingtomymum.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Thegirlwhosecarbrokedownneedshelp.當(dāng)先行詞是物/事，引導(dǎo)詞用that,whichThebook(that/which)youarereadingismineHaveyouseenthefilm(that)everyoneistalkingabout.Thisistheprojectthat/whichtookusmonthstocomplete.關(guān)系副詞用法關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞在句中的作用when時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)狀語why原因狀語when/where/why通?？梢杂媒樵~+which替代，when=in/onwhichwhere=inwhichwhy=forwhich where 先行詞是地點(diǎn)的名詞,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語：point/situation/case/position/stage/scene/activity/family/job/spot等 Ireallylikethejobwhere/in whichIhavegotalot,Thevillagewhere/inwhichIwasbornisverybeautiful. when先行詞是時(shí)間的名詞，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語Weshallalwaysrememberthedaywhen/onwhichJapansurrenderedtotheallyforce.比較：Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether. why先行詞是原因的名詞，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作原因狀語： Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichshewaslateforschoolyesterday.Thereasonwhyhedidn’twanttohelpusisclear.(1)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，that在從句中做主語或賓語、指代表示人或物的先行詞。作賓語時(shí)可省略，不能放在介詞后面作賓語。(that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which) TherabbitiseatingacarrotthatIbought.PeoplethatIspoketowereveryhelpful.(2)which－指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略 HangzhouisacitywhichisfamousfortheWestLake.Thefoodwhichrabbitslikeisthecarrot.(3)who－般指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略，whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句whom在從句中作賓語，修飾表示人的先行詞。Idon’tknowthemanwhoisinareddress.Idon’tknowthemanwho/whoshelikes.Idon’tknowthemanwhomsheisspeakingto.如果whom放在介詞后面不能省略；此外固定短語中的介詞一般不能拆開，仍放在動詞之后，例如lookfor/lookafter/takecareof/puton/takeoff等。(4)whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，whose在從句中作定語，修飾表示人或物的先行詞。Isawamanshoutingatadriver________carwasblockingthestreet.提問1：有沒有只能用which的情況？Thisisthefactoryin______myfatherworks.ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.Thisisafamousbook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.提問2：有沒有只能用that的情況？在定語從句中that既可以指人也可以指物，但是在以下情況中只能用that不能用who和which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)；(2)當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)；

(3)當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly等修飾時(shí)；

(4)當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時(shí)，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that,而不用which或who；(5)先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。ThisistheonlyspecimenthatIhavegot.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.Pleasebringmeallthespecimenthatyouhavecollected.Whowasthemanthatatethecrabfirst?Alotofpeopleanddesksthatareneededintheeventhaven’tbeenready.ThisistheverybookthatIislookingfor.【例題精講】

例1.Theseareallthepictures______Ihaveseen.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.as例2.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that例3.—Whydidthe79-year-oldMrs.Sunsetupthisorganization?—Tohelpthosechildrengetagoodeducation_______mostpeopleofherageneverhad.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.when例4.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthepen_______myfathergavemelastweek.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whom例5.—Idislikemusic_______Ican’tsingalongwith. —Me,___________.A.what;eitherB.what;tooC.that;eitherD.that;too【課堂練習(xí)】

1.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who2.Wearetalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoDthat3.IreallylikethefamilyphotoC.whatwetookonmygrandpa's80thbirthday.A.whoBthatD.whose4.Thebasketball________Iboughtyesterdaycostme80yuan.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when5.NanjingYangtseRiverBridge________wasbuiltinthe1960sisnowunderrepair.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.what【課后鞏固】Thisistheschool_______wevisitedlastyear.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.whoseLiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut_______hasevertraveledinspace.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whoseIcan'tfindthebook__________mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.WheninventiongotthefirstC.whichD.whereSheisthegirl______prizeintheschoolcompetitionB．thatA．whoC．whichD.whose---Doyouknowtheman______isstandingatthedoor?---Yes,Ido.He'safriendof_____.A.when;IB.who;mineC.that;meD.which;myYesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.thatAfriendissomeone______says,"What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose—Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishtea—Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.whichIhatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.whereTheforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whomGeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.whichThisistheplace _____Ihaveevervisited.A.there B.when C.where D.whichNobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.whenThemoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whyHehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichHestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhichMr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whichTherestaurantwantsawaiter________canspeakFrench.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.whoIlikemusic_