過去分詞具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，同時(shí)兼有形容詞或副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。定語——在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分。表語——是謂語的一部分，位于系動(dòng)詞之后，說明主語身份、特征或狀態(tài)。第1頁/共26頁1.單個(gè)過去分詞作定語,通常前置1)及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。abrokencup

awoundedsoldieranunexpectedguest

theexcitedcrowd

2)不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有主動(dòng)和完成意義。agrownwomanaretiredofficerthefallenleaves

一、作定語(修飾名詞或代詞)第2頁/共26頁

2、過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。Heisoneofthoseinvited.Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.第3頁/共26頁2.過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。aletterwritteninpencil=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencilthebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommended

...themachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproduced

...Awoman,dressedlikealawyer,cameinandtookherseatasjudge.

=whowasdressed...第4頁/共26頁過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：1.語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)注：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只有“完成”含義,不表被動(dòng)aninspiringspeech

theinspiredaudience鼓舞人心的演說受到鼓舞的觀眾Thefallingleavesthefallenleaves落葉（正往下落的）落葉（已經(jīng)落到地面的）第5頁/共26頁2.時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，多表示“動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行”或“與謂語同時(shí)進(jìn)行”或“經(jīng)常性”。過去分詞作定語，則多表示分詞動(dòng)作“先于位于動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作”或“沒有一定的時(shí)間性”1.Doyouknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree?2.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidangrily________

(point)tothenotice.3Thewoman________(sell)vegetableshasgone.4.Thewheatiswateredbywater________

(bring)fromapond.5.Heisaleader__________(respect)bythepeople.lyingpointingsellingbroughtrespected第6頁/共26頁therisensun

升起了的太陽therisingsun

正在升起的太陽

boiledwater

開水boilingwater

正沸騰的水fallenleaves

落葉fallingleaves

正在飄落的葉子changedcondition

改變了的情況changingcondition

變化著的情況developedcountries

發(fā)達(dá)國家developingcountries

發(fā)展中國家第7頁/共26頁3.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(done)與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式(beingdone)都可以表示“被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdayTheproblembeingdiscussed

第8頁/共26頁二、過去分詞做表語1過去分詞（短語）作表語時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于adj.說明的是主語的狀態(tài)Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedmoresatisfiedwithmywork.第9頁/共26頁2.過去分詞做表語與現(xiàn)在分詞做表語的區(qū)別第10頁/共26頁（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征，意為“令人怎樣...”，有主動(dòng)的意思。exciting,

moving,

amusing,

astonishing,frightening,

interesting,

relaxing,

shocking,

surprising,

terrifying,

tiringetc.(2)過去分詞作定語多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“對(duì)...或感到怎樣”，有被動(dòng)的意思.

excited,

moved,

amused,

astonished,

frightened,

interested,

relaxed,

satisfied,

surprised,

terrified,

tiredetc.eg,Theygotveryexcited.第11頁/共26頁(2)過去分詞作定語多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“對(duì)...或感到怎樣”，有被動(dòng)的意思.

excited,

moved,

amused,

astonished,

frightened,

interested,

relaxed,

satisfied,

surprised,

terrified,

tiredetc.第12頁/共26頁(3).過去分詞作表語時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意思明顯不同，前者說明主語的特點(diǎn)及所處的狀態(tài)，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Theglassisbroken.Theglassisbrokenbymylittlebrother.第13頁/共26頁Exercises:1.Welivedinthehouse__________________(我舅舅們修建的).2.Anymedicine________(服用)withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.3.Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________________(她制定的).4._____________(開水)

5.________________(一個(gè)破碎的茶杯)6.three____________________(受傷的士兵)builtbymyunclestakenmadebyherboiledwaterabrokencupwoundedsoldiers第14頁/共26頁Exercises:

1.Mostofthepeople___________________(被邀請(qǐng)參加宴會(huì)的)werefamousscientists.2.Lessons_____________(易學(xué)的)aresoonforgotten.**_____________(易學(xué)的)lessonsaresoonforgotten.3.Thecomputercenter_________________(開辦)lastweekispopularwiththestudents.invitedtothepartylearnedeasilyopened/startedEasily-learned第15頁/共26頁修飾look,smile,voice,face等能表示人的感受的過去分詞.Fromhis____lookonhisface,thepriceofmeatmusthaverisen.A.disappointedB.disappointing(2)Hehungupthephonewitha____smileonhisface.A.satisfiedB.satisfying(3)Sheshoutedina____voice.A.pleasingB.pleased(4)Judgingfromher____face,shemustbeintrouble.A.puzzledB.puzzling(5)The____parentsarenot____withtheir____son.A.disappointingB.disappointedC.satisfiedAABABCA第16頁/共26頁P(yáng)ractice1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettle D.beingsettledBC第17頁/共26頁3.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor_____“Sorrytomissyou;Iwillcalllater.”A.pin,readB.pinning,readingC.pinned,readingD.pinned,read4.Aboy_____Jackwonthegame.Aboy______himselfJackwonthegame.A.callingB.calledCBA第18頁/共26頁5.Whoistheman____

toyourfatherjustnow?Whoistheman____tojustnow?A.

speakingB.spoken6.Thebuilding_____

lastyearisseventymetershigh.Thebuilding_____nowisseventymetershigh.Thebuilding_____nextmonthisseventymetershigh.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltABABC第19頁/共26頁7.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited8.Thefirsttextbooks______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenAD第20頁/共26頁9.Anagreement___tomorrowwilldogoodtoeveryoneofus.A.tobesignedB.beingsignedC.signed10.Theplan_____

forthetripbyourteachernextweekisveryimportant.A.madeB.tobemadeC.beingmade11.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheshipwasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseatingABC第21頁/共26頁ExercisesDon’tusewords,expressions,orphrases___onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownAswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedDA第22頁/共26頁Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget___bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayTheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplayingCC第23頁/共26頁5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun6.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.ne