高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省部分普通高中2023-2024學年高二下學期期中考試英語試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthemandotomorrowmorning?A.Picksomeoneup.B.Taketheplane.C.Seethewomanoff.2.Whatisthemandoing?ACooking.B.Repairingthepan.C.Fillinguphiscar.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Attheairport.B.Ontheplane.C.Onabus.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Havearest.B.TurnofftheTV.C.Leavethejobtoher.5.Whatisthewoman?A.Adoctor.B.Awaitress.C.Anoperator.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）請聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給出的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.Whatcolordoesthemanwant?A.White.B.Black.C.Yellow.7.What'sthepriceoftheshirt?A.￥120.B.￥112.C.￥100.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個小題。8.Whatistheman'smothergoingtodo?A.Meetthewoman.B.Seeadoctor.C.Gobackhome.9.Whendidthemangethisnewcar?A.Aweekago.B.Twoweeksago.C.Amonthago.10.Whichoneistheman'snewcar?A.AgrayBMW.B.AwhiteNissan.C.AblackHonda.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個小題。11.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthetripalltogether?A.$339.B.$678.C.$1,356.12.Whatdoestheman'spackageinclude?A.Fivenights'accommodationandairtickets.B.Asightseeingtouronboatandaccommodation.C.Thestayandmeals.13.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanhasjustgotmarried.B.Thespeakerswilltakeaboattothedestination.CTheMaidoftheMististhemostbeautifulscenery.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第17四個小題。14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Workmates.C.Doctorandpatient.15.Whatdoesthemanusuallyeatforlunch?A.Asandwichandacupofcoffee.B.Noodles.CSomesnacks.16.Howdoesthemangoalongwithhiswork?A.Hedoeshisworkverywell.B.Hedoesn'tlikehiswork.C.Hehasalotoftroubleinhiswork.17.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Eatmorevegetables.B.Takesomeexercise.C.Beawayfromwork.聽下面一段獨白，回答第18至第20三個小題。18.Whichbookwillyouchooseifyoulikescience?A.ShallowEarth.B.GivemeShelter.C.JumpfortheStars.19.WhoarethemaincharactersofShallowEarth?A.Agroupofsoldiers.B.Agroupofplayers.C.Twoyoungpeople.20.WhatisTrayMcGrady?A.Abasketballplayer.B.Adirector.C.Awriter.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThereareendlessopportunitiestoenjoyfishingintheLakeDistrict.Manyofourriversholdgoodstocksofallkindsoffish.Severalofthelargerlakesareparticularlygoodfortheircoarsefishing(捕捉雜魚活動)better.MuchofthefishingwithintheNationalParkiscontrolledbylocalAngling(釣魚)Associations.Thesewelcomevisitorsandofferarangeofdailyorweeklypermits.VisitorscanalsoenjoyfishingforfreeonWindermere,UllswaterandConistonWater.Thingstorememberwhenfishing:ForwheelchairanglersAnelectricwheelchairaccessibleboatisavailableatConistonBoatingCentre.Itisadaptedwithaspecialramp(活動坡道)tocarryuptosixwheelchairusers.Thetopspeedissixmph(milesperhour),whichisperfectforwheelchairanglersCodeofconductAnglersmust:followgoodanglingpracticesothatthenextgenerationcancontinuetoenjoyfishingfollowanylocaland/orseasonalrestrictionstoallowadisturbance-freeperiodforvegetation,fish,birdsandotherwildlifenotuselivebait(魚餌)--thisisbannedbytheEnvironmentAgencyasitincreasestheriskofintroductionofdiseaseandpestspeciesHelpnativewildlifeInvasive(入侵的)non-nativespeciesofwildlifecanbecarriedaroundonequipment,footwear,clothingandboats.Youmayunintentionallyspreadforeigncreaturesevenifyoujustgoforapaddle!Everytimeyouleaveanywatersuchasariverorlake,youneedto:Check-Clean-DryCheckyourequipmentandclothingforlivingorganisms.Payparticularattentiontodamporhard-to-inspectareas.Cleanandwashallequipmentfootwearandclothesthoroughly.Ifyoudocomeacrossanyorganisms,leavethematthelakeorriverwhereyoufoundthemoronahardsurfacetodieout.Dryallequipmentandclothing.Somespeciescanliveformanydaysindampconditions.1.Whichplaceisthemostconvenientfordisabledanglers?A.Ullswater. B.Windermere.C.ConistonWater. D.TheNationalPark.2.WhatshouldpeopledowhilefishingintheLakeDistrict?A.Avoidusinglivewormsasbait.B.Stayawayfromwildanimals.C.Takeenoughclothingtokeepwarm.D.Watchoutforpestspeciesallthetime.3.Howcananglersensuretheydon’tcarryforeigncreatures?A.Bykeepingtheirclothingdryallthetime.B.Byabandoningwetpersonalthingsatthescene.C.Bygoingforapaddleonlyinthebiggerriversandlakes.D.Bycleaninganddryingtheirequipmentandclothingafterfishing.【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。本文主要介紹了在英國湖區(qū)釣魚時需要注意的一些事項。——★參考答案★——1.C2.A3.D【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Forwheelchairanglers部分的“AnelectricwheelchairaccessibleboatisavailableatConistonBoatingCentre.(科尼斯頓劃船中心提供電動輪椅無障礙船。)”可知，ConistonWater有可以使用輪椅的無障礙船，殘疾人更方便。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Codeofconduct部分的“●notuselivebait(魚餌)—thisisbannedbyheEnvironmentAgencyasitincreasestheriskofintroductionofdiseaseandpestspecies(不使用活物當魚餌——這是環(huán)境署禁止的，因為它增加了引入病蟲害物種的風險。)”可知，湖區(qū)里禁止使用活蟲作誘餌。故選A?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Helpnativewildlife部分的“Cleanandwashallequipmentfootwearandclothesthoroughly.Ifyoudocomeacrossanyorganisms,leavethematthelakeorriverwhereyoufoundthemoronahardsurfacetodieout.(徹底清潔和清洗所有設備鞋類和衣物。如果你真的遇到了任何生物，把它們留在你發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的湖里或河里，或者放在堅硬的表面上讓它們滅絕。)”和“●Dryallequipmentandclothing.Somespeciescanliveformanydaysindampconditions.(干燥所有設備和衣物。有些物種可以在潮濕的條件下生存很多天。)”可知，垂釣者在捕魚后清潔和干燥其設備和衣物可以確保他們不攜帶外來生物。故選D。BJacobhatedfinishingthingsalmostasmuchashelovedstartingthem.Asaresult,hehadgottenintoamillionhobbiesandactivities,butheneverstuckwithanyofthemlongenoughtogetanygood.HebeggedhismotherformonthsforaguitarsothathecouldplaysongstoAngie,agirlheliked,butafterhefinallygotoneforChristmas,hefoundoutthatguitarsdidn’tplaythemselves.Hetookafewlessons,butthestringshurthisfingers,sonowthefive-hundreddollarguitarlivesunderhisbed.Afterreadinganadinthebackofoneofhiscomicbooks,Jacobdecidedthathewantedametaldetector(探測器),sothathecouldfindburiedtreasure.Bythetimespringcamehehadsaved$200andpurchasedthemetaldetector.Hebeepeditaroundtheparkforawhile,butsoonfoundoutthatnoonehadeverleftanytreasureinhisneighborhood.Heburiedthemetaldetectorinhisclosest.GivenJacob’shistorywithhobbies,itwasnosurprisethatJacob’sfatherwasunwillingtobuyhimamagician’skit(魔術包)forhisbirthday.“Dad,thistimeI’llstickwithitforreal.Ipromise!”Jacobbegged.Jacob’sfathersighed.Buthewasremindedofhisownyouthlongago,whenhequitfootballandstartedboxingpracticebeforehardlygettinghisequipmentdirty.SowhenJacob’sbirthdaycamearound,hewasbothsurprisedandpleasedtofindthemagician’skitthathehaddesiredsobadly.AsJacobcontinuedpullingplasticthumbsandgiantplayingcardsoutofthekit,anadontheTVcaughthisattention.“Heykids!Haveyoueverwantedtogotospace?Foronly$195youcangotospacecampandlivelifelikeanastronautforawholeweekend!”Astheadcontinuedplaying,JacobwalkedawayfromthemagickitandstaredattheTVscreeneagerly.Jacob’scryrangthroughoutthehouseasheyelled,“MOM!”Henowknewwhathistruepurposeinlifewas.4.WhydidJacobstopplayingtheguitar?A.Itwastooexpensive. B.Hedislikedthelessons.C.Ithurthisfingers. D.Hebecameinterestedincomicbooks.5.Jacob’sfatherdecidedtobuyhimthemagician’skitbecause________.A.Jacobremindedhisfatherofhimself B.Jacob’sbirthdaywascomingC.Jacobquitmanyexpensiveactivities D.Jacobinsistedonhavingit6.WhichofthefollowingisJacobmostlikelytodonextbasedontheendofthestory?A.Becomeagreatmagician. B.Raisemoneytogotospacecamp.C.Detectanincrediblehiddentreasure. D.Learntoplayguitarwell.7.WhatcanbelearnedaboutJacobaccordingtothepassage?A.Hewasdeterminedinpursuinghisdreams. B.Hefinallyfoundhistruepurposeinlife.C.Hehasalwayswantedtobeamagician. D.Heneverstuckwithanythingforlong.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Jacob是一個喜新厭舊的孩子，他有很多愛好，從吉他到金屬探測儀，到魔術工具包再到太空旅行，但是沒有一個愛好他能堅持下來?！飬⒖即鸢浮铩?.C5.A6.B7.D【4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hetookafewlessons,butthestringshurthisfingers,sonowthefive-hundreddollarguitarlivesunderhisbed.(他上了幾節(jié)課，但琴弦弄傷了他的手指，所以現(xiàn)在這把價值五百美元的吉他就放在他的床底下。)”可知，Jacob不再彈吉他的原因是琴弦傷了他的手指，故選C。【5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Buthewasremindedofhisownyouthlongago,whenhequitfootballandstartedboxingpracticebeforehardlygettinghisequipmentdirty.SowhenJacob’sbirthdaycamearound,hewasbothsurprisedandpleasedtofindthemagician’skitthathehaddesiredsobadly(但是他想起了很久以前自己的青年時代，當時他放棄了足球，開始練拳擊，幾乎沒有把他的裝備弄臟。因此，當雅各布的生日來臨時，他既驚訝又高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)了他渴望很久的魔術師工具箱)”可知，Jacob的爸爸決定給Jacob買魔術師工具箱是因為Jacob讓父親想起了自己的經(jīng)歷，故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Heykids!Haveyoueverwantedtogotospace?Foronly$195youcangotospacecampandlivelifelikeanastronautforawholeweekend!”Astheadcontinuedplaying,JacobwalkedawayfromthemagickitandstaredattheTVscreeneagerly.Jacob’scryrangthroughoutthehouseasheyelled,“MOM!”Henowknewwhathistruepurposeinlifewas.(“嘿，孩子們！你想過去太空嗎？只要195美元，你就可以去參加太空夏令營，像宇航員一樣度過整個周末！”當廣告繼續(xù)播放時，雅各布從魔術工具箱旁走開，熱切地盯著電視屏幕。雅各布的喊聲響徹整個房子，他喊道:“媽媽！”他現(xiàn)在知道他人生的真正目的是什么了。)”可知，根據(jù)故事的結尾，Jacob下一步最有可能籌集錢去太空營，故選B。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asaresult,hehadgottenintoamillionhobbiesandactivities,butheneverstuckwithanyofthemlongenoughtogetanygood.(結果，他有了無數(shù)的興趣愛好和活動，但是他從來沒有堅持足夠長的時間，以至于沒有獲得任何好處。)”可推知，Jacob對任何事都不會堅持太久。故選D。CThisfall,studentsattheUniversityofMassachusettsfoundanewmenuattheircanteens:the“dietforacoolerplanet”menu.Thismeantherb-roastedlamb,raisedwithacarbon-friendlyapproach.Itincludedsweetpotatoesthathadbeenpickedfromalocalfarm’sfield.Theoptionswereplant-heavy,locallygrown,andinvolvedlittleornopackaging.“Wewantedtoletstudentsparticipateinclimateactionbymakingchoicesabouttheirfood”saysKathyWicks,sustainability(可持續(xù)發(fā)展)directorforUMassDiningTheuniversityisnotaloneinthiseffort.Increasingly,Americanconsumersandinstitutionsarethinkingabouthowtheirfoodchoicesimpactclimatechange.Formany,smallchoicesatthegrocerystoreandrestaurantcanbemoreaccessiblethanbig-ticketoptionslikebuyingafuel-efficientcar.Smallchangesineatinghabitsmaymakeabigdifference.Studiespointtothefoodsystemasasignificantcauseofglobalwarming.AccordingtoProjectDrawdown,aresearchorganizationthatevaluatesclimatesolutions,thewayfoodisgrown,transported,andconsumedaccountsforabout1/4oftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions(排放).Beefisaregulartarget.“If,onaverage,Americanscut1/4poundofbeefperweekfromtheirdiet,it’sliketaking10millioncarsofftheroadayear,”saysSujathaBergen,directorofhealthcampaignsfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil.Foodwasteranksthirdamongclimatesolutions.Whilemuchwasteoccursbeforeconsumersareinvolved,Americansalsothrowoutalotoffoodtheyhavepurchased(購買)about$1,600worthayearperfamilyoffour.“Peoplearebeginningtounderstandthattheirfoodchoiceshaveabigimpactonclimate.”saysMeganLarnner,directorofregionalfoodattheGlynwoodCenterforRegionalFoodandFarminginNewYork.Butsheaddsthatsubstantialchangewillneedtocomefromthewholefoodsystem.8.WhatisthepurposeofthenewmenuattheUniversityofMassachusetts?A.Tomarketthecolddishes. B.Toreducethecostofpackaging.C.Toraiselowcarbonawareness. D.Topopularizetheplant-heavydiet.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Foodchoicesmattermuchtoglobalwarming.B.Foodisadecisivefactorforclimatechange.C.Universitiesareworkingtogetherinclimateaction.D.Fuel-efficientcarsarenotaffordableforconsumers.10.WhatdoesSujathaBergensayaboutbeef?A.ItplaysasignificantroleinAmerican’sdiet. B.Itispopularamongmillionsofcardrivers.C.Ithasnorelationshipwithgasemission. D.Ithasgreatinfluenceoncarbonreduction.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FoodSystemReform:ASuccessfulTrial B.LowCarbonDiet:Atrend,orMore?C.CarbonEmission:AKiller,orHealer? D.GlobalWarming:AnApproachingDanger【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們可以通過選擇低碳食物為應對氣候變化做出貢獻?！飬⒖即鸢浮铩?.C9.A10.D11.B【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thisfall,studentsattheUniversityofMassachusettsfoundanewmenuattheircanteens:the‘dietforacoolerplanet’menu.Thismeantherb-roastedlamb,raisedwithacarbon-friendlyapproach.Itincludedsweetpotatoesthathadbeenpickedfromalocalfarm’sfield.Theoptionswereplant-heavy,locallygrown,andinvolvedlittleornopackaging.(今年秋天，馬薩諸塞大學的學生們在食堂里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一份新菜單：‘更涼爽星球的飲食’菜單。這意味著以碳友好的方式飼養(yǎng)的香草烤羊肉。其中包括從當?shù)剞r(nóng)場采摘的紅薯。這些選擇以植物為主，在當?shù)胤N植，很少使用包裝或沒有包裝。)”可知，馬薩諸塞大學新菜單的目的是提高低碳意識。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Increasingly,Americanconsumersandinstitutionsarethinkingabouthowtheirfoodchoicesimpactclimatechange.Formany,smallchoicesatthegrocerystoreandrestaurantcanbemoreaccessiblethanbig-ticketoptionslikebuyingafuel-efficientcar.(越來越多的美國消費者和機構開始考慮他們的食物選擇如何影響氣候變化。對許多人來說，在雜貨店和餐館里選擇一些小的東西比買一輛省油的汽車這樣的大選擇更容易。)”可知，食物選擇影響氣候變化，比起節(jié)能汽車等昂貴的物品來說，食物選擇是人們更容易做到的，由此可推知，食物選擇對全球變暖意義重大。故選A項。【10題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中SujathaBergen所說“If,onaverage,Americanscut1/4poundofbeefperweekfromtheirdiet,it’sliketaking10millioncarsofftheroadayear.(如果美國人平均每周從他們的飲食中減少1/4磅牛肉，這就像每年減少1000萬輛汽車。)”可知，牛肉對減少碳排放量有很大的影響。故選D項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段中“Smallchangesineatinghabitsmaymakeabigdifference.Studiespointtothefoodsystemasasignificantcauseofglobalwarming.(飲食習慣的小改變可能會產(chǎn)生很大的不同。研究指出，糧食系統(tǒng)是全球變暖的一個重要原因。)”以及最后一段中“Peoplearebeginningtounderstandthattheirfoodchoiceshaveabigimpactonclimate.(人們開始明白，他們的食物選擇對氣候有很大的影響。)”可知，本文主要介紹了人們可以通過選擇低碳食物為應對氣候變化做出貢獻。B項“低碳飲食：是趨勢，或是更多？”適合做文章標題，故選B項。DInhabitatsacrosstheplanet,animalsperiodicallydropeverythingtowalk,flyorswimtoanewplace.Wildlifesuchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigrationpathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,gainthedistanceanddirectionoftheirmigrationwithintheirgeneticcode.Andsomeanimalsuseacombinationofgeneticsandculturetoguidetheirmigration.Anothergroupofmigratorsdoesnotquitefiteithermodel,andresearchershaveonlyrecentlystartedtofigureouthowtheyfindtheirway.TaketheCory’sshearwater,anoceangoingseabirdthatmigratesovertheAtlanticeveryyear.Theyoungdonotmigratewiththeirparents,soculturecannotexplaintheirjourneys.Andtheexactpathsvarywildlyfromindividualtoindividual,makinggeneticsequallyunlikely.Cory’sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researcherscallthisthe“exploration-refinement”,anduntilnowithasbeenhypothetical(假設的)becauseofdifficultiesintrackingmigratoryanimals’movements.Butateamofresearchershasdonethatbyattachingsmallgeolocatorstomorethan150ofthebirdsagedfourtonine.Theyfoundthatyoungerbirdstraveledlongerdistances,forlongerperiods,andhadmorediversepathsthanolderbirds.“Wefinallyhaveevidenceofthe‘exploration-refinement’formigratorybirds,”saysLetiziaCampioni,wholedthestudy.YoungerCory’sshearwatersareabletoflyjustasfastastheadults—buttheydonot,suggestingthattheyoungdomoreexploring,whichgraduallyfadesastheymatureandsettleintoapreferredcourse.Althoughitmayseemlessefficientthanotherstrategies,“explorationrefinementcouldbebeneficialtobirdsandotherorganisms(生物)inarapidlychangingworldduetounpredictableman-madechanges,”saysBarbaraFrei.“Itmightbesafertorepeatabehaviorthatwasrecentlysuccessfulthantorelyonpatternsthatwereperfectedlongagobutmightnolongerbesafe.”12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Itdescribesanimals’habitats. B.Ittalksaboutmigrationmodels.C.Itcomparesdifferentspecies. D.Itintroducesatrackingtechnology.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?A.Theopeningforlearningandpractice.B.TheuniquelivinghabitofCory’sshearwaters.C.ThewayCory’sshearwatersformtheirmigrationpatterns.D.TheprocessscientiststrackCory’sshearwaters’movements.14.WhatdoesLetizia’sstudyfindabouttheyoungerCory’sshearwaters?A.Theytravelasmuchasadultbirds. B.Theymoveinapredictablemanner.C.Theylowerthespeedforexploration. D.Theylookforacoursewiththeirparents.15.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Man-madechangesmakemigrationeasier.B.Animalsmakeasaferjourneyviaafixedtrack.C.Courseexplorationcontributestobirds’adaptability.D.Acombinationofstrategiesassuresmigrationsuccess.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對Cory海鷗遷徙的模式的研究?！飬⒖即鸢浮铩?2.B13.C14.C15.C【12題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Wildlifesuchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigrationpathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,gainthedistanceanddirectionoftheirmigrationwithintheirgeneticcode.Andsomeanimalsuseacombinationofgeneticsandculturetoguidetheirmigration.(鯨魚和鵝等野生動物通過跟隨父母學習遷徙路線。其他鳥類，包括小型鳴禽，通過遺傳密碼獲得遷徙的距離和方向。有些動物利用基因和文化的結合來指導它們的遷徙。)”可知，本段主要講述動物遷徙的模式。故選B?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Cory’sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.(Cory的海鷗壽命很長，很少能在9歲之前成功繁殖后代。這為學習和實踐發(fā)展它們的遷移模式留下了空間。)”和“Researcherscallthisthe“exploration-refinement”(研究人員稱之為“探索-精煉”。)”可知，此處指研究人員稱這種模式為“探索－精煉”，第三段中劃線的this指代的是Cory海鷗形成遷徙模式的方式。故選C?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“YoungerCory’sshearwatersareabletoflyjustasfastastheadults—buttheydonot,suggestingthattheyoungdomoreexploring,whichgraduallyfadesastheymatureandsettleintoapreferredcourse.(小的Cory海鷗能飛得和成年海鷗一樣快——但它們沒有，這表明年輕的海鷗會進行更多的探索，隨著它們成熟并適應一個更喜歡的航線，這種探索會逐漸消失。)”可知，Letizia的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小Cory海鷗為了探索降低了它們的飛行速度。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Althoughitmayseemlessefficientthanotherstrategies,“explorationrefinementcouldbebeneficialtobirdsandotherorganisms(生物)inarapidlychangingworldduetounpredictableman-madechanges,”saysBarbaraFrei.(BarbaraFrei說，盡管與其他策略相比，這種方法似乎效率較低，但“在一個由于不可預測的人為變化而迅速變化的世界中，探索改進可能對鳥類和其他生物有益?！?”可知，路線探索有助于鳥類的適應能力。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Stresscansignificantlyaffectyourabilitytokeepahealthyweight.___16___.Whetherit’stheresultofhighlevelsofthestresshormonecortisol(荷爾蒙皮質(zhì)醇),orunhealthybehaviorrelatedtostress,thelinkbetweenstressandweightgainisobvious.Butdon’tworry.Hereareafewskillstohelpyou.Makeexercisepriority(優(yōu)先)Exercisingisavitalpartofstressreductionandweightmanagement.Itcanhelpyouhandlebothissuesatthesametime.___17___.Whetheryougoforawalkduringyourlunchbreakorhitthegymafterwork,includeregularexerciseintoyourroutine.Keepafooddiary___18___.Areviewofstudiesthatexaminedthelinkbetweenself-monitoringandweightlossfoundthatthosewhokeptafooddiaryweremorelikelytomanageweightthanthosewhodidn’t.SowhetheryouuseanApptotrackyourfoodintakeoryouwriteeverythinginafooddiary,beingmoremindfulofwhatyouputinyourmouthcouldimproveyoureatinghabits.___19___Whetheryouenjoyyogaoryoufindcomfortinreadingagoodbook,tryaddingsimplestressrelieversliketakingadeepbreath,listeningtomusic,orgoingonawalkintoyourdailyroutine.Doingsocanreduceyourcortisollevels,helpingyoumanageyourweight.Stickwiththeskillsforawhile.Bydoingso,ithelpsmakethesehealthybehaviorahabitandbattlestress-relatedweightchanges.___20___.A.ItcanalsopreventyoufromlosingweightB.DecreasehormonecortisolinarightlevelC.Applystress-reliefskillstoyourdailylifeD.Remember:TheearlybirdcatchesthewormE.PayingattentiontoyoureatinghabitscanhelpyoucontrolyourfoodconsumptionF.Soit’snecessarytoworkouttopreventstress-relatedweightgainG.Persistencecanmakestressandweightfallbythewayside【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何控制因壓力導致的不健康的體重?！飬⒖即鸢浮铩?6.A17.F18.E19.C20.G【16題詳析】空前講“Stresscansignificantlyaffectyourabilitytokeepahealthyweight.(壓力會顯著影響你保持健康體重的能力。)”可知此處說的是壓力的不利影響。A項“它還會阻礙你減肥”承接上文，符合語境。故選A?！?7題詳析】空前講“Exercisingisavitalpartofstressreductionandweightmanagement.Itcanhelpyouhandlebothissuesatthesametime.(鍛煉對減輕壓力和控制體重發(fā)揮著重要作用。它可以幫助你同時處理這兩個問題)”以及空后講“Whetheryougoforawalkduringyourlunchbreakorhitthegymafterwork,includeregularexerciseintoyourroutine.(無論你在午休時散步，還是在下班后去健身房鍛煉，把經(jīng)常鍛煉納入你的日常生活。)”可知此處講的是鍛煉的必要性。F項“所以，(通過)鍛煉來阻止與壓力相關的體重增加是有必要的”承上啟下，符合語境。故選F?！?8題詳析】空后講“Areviewofstudiesthatexaminedthelinkbetweenself-monitoringandweightlossfoundthatthosewhokeptafooddiaryweremorelikelytomanageweightthanthosewhodidn’t.(回顧自我監(jiān)測和減肥之間聯(lián)系的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些記飲食日記的人比那些不記飲食日記的人更有可能控制體重。)”可知，要密切注意自己的飲食習慣和食物攝入量，E項“注意你的飲食習慣可以幫助你控制自己的食物消耗量”與下文銜接緊密，符合語境。故選E?！?9題詳析】空處是本段小標題，“Doingsocanreduceyourcortisollevels,helpingyoumanageyourweight.(這樣做可以降低你的皮質(zhì)醇水平，幫助你控制體重。)”可知本段介紹了一些簡單的壓力緩解方法。C項“在你的日常生活中運用減壓技巧”統(tǒng)領本段，符合段落大意。故選C。【20題詳析】空前講“Stickwiththeskillsforawhile.Bydoingso,ithelpsmakethesehealthybehaviorahabitandbattlestress-relatedweightchanges.(堅持這些技能一段時間。這樣做可以幫助(你)將這些健康的行為形成習慣，并減少壓力帶來的體重變化。)”此處強調(diào)了堅持的重要性。G項“堅持可以讓壓力和體重大幅下降”承接上文，符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The____21____isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsofrubbishbecausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.Howdidwe____22____athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto____23____anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.____24____modernmanufacturing(制造業(yè))andtechnology,companiesareabletoproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Anothercauseisourloveofdisposable(一次性的)products.As____25____people,wearealwayslookingfor____26____tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies____27____thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.Ourappetitefornewproductsalso____28____totheproblem.Weare____29____buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat_____30_____isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe_____31_____usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe_____32_____ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To_____33_____theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials._____34_____,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解決)ourproblem.Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions_____35_____throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtochangeourspendinghabitstoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.21.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem22.A.face B.become C.observe D.change23.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw24A.Thanksto B.Asto C.Exceptfor D.Regardlessof25.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy26.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends27.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve28.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes29.A.tiredof B.addictedto C.worriedabout D.ashamedfor30.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger31.A.pickup B.payfor C.holdonto D.throwaway32.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences33.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure34.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile35.A.by B.infavourof C.after D.insteadof——★參考答案★——21.D22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是現(xiàn)代社會如何轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€“一次性社會”，并探討了這一現(xiàn)象背后的原因以及由此產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境問題。29.B30.A31.D32.D33.C34.A35.D【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：問題是，世界各國的垃圾越來越多，因為人們?nèi)拥睦纫酝魏螘r候都多。A.key鑰匙；B.reason原因；C.project項目；D.problem問題。根據(jù)下文“countriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsofrubbish”可知，世界各國的垃圾越來越多，這是一個問題。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們是如何變成一個一次性的社會的？A.face面對；B.become成為；C.observe觀察；D.change改變。根據(jù)上文“peoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore”可知，人們?nèi)拥睦纫酝魏螘r候都多，我們這個社會成為了一次性的社會。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：首先，現(xiàn)在更換一件物品比花時間和金錢修理它要容易得多。A.hide躲藏；B.control控制；C.replace代替，替換；D.withdraw撤回。根據(jù)第一段“whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone”可知，現(xiàn)在人們換掉一件物品比修理一件東西容易。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：多虧了現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術，公司能夠快速和廉價地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品。A.Thanksto多虧了；B.Asto關于；C.Exceptfor除了；D.Regardlessof不管，不顧。根據(jù)下文“modernmanufacturing(制造業(yè))andtechnology,companiesareabletoproductsquicklyandinexpensively”可知，多虧了現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術，公司能夠快速和廉價地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為忙碌的人，我們總是在尋找節(jié)省時間和使我們的生活更輕松的方法。A.sensitive敏感的；B.kind善良的；C.brave勇敢的；D.busy忙的。根據(jù)下文“tosavetime”可知，人們總是想節(jié)省時間，由此可見，人們都是忙碌的人。故選D?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為忙碌的人，我們總是在尋找節(jié)省時間和使我們的生活更輕松的方法。A.ways方法；B.places地方；C.jobs工作；D.friends朋友。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ookingfor”和下文“tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier”可知，人們總是在尋找節(jié)省時間和使我們的生活更輕松的方法。故選A。【27題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：公司生產(chǎn)成千上萬種不同種類的一次性產(chǎn)品：紙盤、塑料杯和相機，僅舉幾例。A.donate捐贈；B.receive收到；C.produce生產(chǎn)；D.preserve保存。根據(jù)下文“thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts”可知，公司是生產(chǎn)很多一次性產(chǎn)品。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們對新產(chǎn)品的渴望也導致了這個問題。A.adapts適應；B.returns回來；C.responds回答；D.contributes促成，是……的原因之一。根據(jù)上文“Ourappetitefornewproducts”和下文“theproblem”和“wewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts”可知，我們對新產(chǎn)品的渴望也導致我們喜歡把東西扔掉。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：我們沉迷于買新東西。A.tiredof厭倦；B.addictedto對……上癮，沉迷于；C.worriedabout擔心；D.ashamedfor為……感到羞恥。根據(jù)下文“wewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts”可知，我們更喜歡最新的產(chǎn)品，所以是沉迷于買新東西。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：廣告使我們相信更新的產(chǎn)品更好，我們會更喜歡最新的產(chǎn)品。A.newer更新的；B.stronger更強大的；C.higher更高的；D.larger更大的。根據(jù)下文“wewillbehappierwiththelatestprod