奉化區(qū)20222023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第Ⅰ卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)1.聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdoesLeonwanttodothisterm?A.Makemoney.B.Earnmorecredits.C.Getexperience.2.WhatisMaggieprobablydoingnow?A.Eatingeggs.B.Doingthelaundry.C.Cookingbreakfast.3.Whatwillthewomankeep?A.Acat.B.Adog.C.Aturtle.4.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Confident.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Husbandandwife.C.Grandfatherandgranddaughter.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whoisthewoman?A.Ashopassistant.B.Theman’swife.C.Acashier.7.Whatisthemangoingtodowiththeblouse?A.Returnit.B.Payforit.C.Exchangeit.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inamuseum.B.Ataparkinglot.C.Atabusstation.9.Howlongdoesittakethewomantotheparkbytaxi?A.20minutes.B.25minutes.C.30minutes.10.Whatadvicedoesthemangivetothewoman?A.Takingabus.B.Takingataxi.C.Walkingtothepark.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhydoesEricquit?A.Hewantstoworkclosetohisparents.B.Hedoesn’tgetenoughpaidholidays.C.Hefindsanewjobwithahighersalary.12.InwhichcountrydoesEricwork?A.China.B.Finland.C.TheU.S.13.WhatdoesMs.ThomasthinkofEric’sjobperformance?A.It’spoor.B.It’sordinary.C.It’sgreat.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhatisTina’sweakestpartoflearningEnglish?A.Speaking.B.Writing.C.Reading.15.WhatmattersmostinlearningalanguageaccordingtoColin?A.Beingpatient.B.Makingfriendswithforeigners.C.LivinginanEnglishspeakingcountry.16.WhatdoesColinsuggestTinado?A.Getupearliertolearn.B.Readnewspaperseveryday.C.PracticeEnglisheverymorning.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatisthebiggestdifferencebetweenweakAIandstrongAI?A.Cost.B.Servicetime.C.Humaninvolvement.18.WhichofthefollowingbelongstostrongAI?A.Apple’sSiri.B.Aselfdrivingcar.C.AlphaGo.19.Whatismanyexperts’attitudetowardthefutureofAI?A.Supportive.B.Uncertain.C.Depressed.20.WhatwillbediscussedaboutAInext?A.Theproblemtodealwith.B.AnexampleofweakAI.C.Thebenefitofit.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADifferentcultureshavetheiruniquecelebrationsofthecalendarNewYear'straditions.Nowlet'slearnsomeoffamousNewYear'straditionsaroundtheworld.TheNetherlandsAmsterdamhostsoneoftheworld'slargeststreetpartiesonNewYear'sEve.Ifyouattend,buysomeoliebollentoeatatmidnight.ItisusuallybelievedthateatingthesedeepfriedoilyballswI'lldriveawayevilspiritsintheNewYear.DamSquare(thecraziest),Nieuwmarkt,andLeidsepleinhostunofficialstreetpartieswithmusic,fireworksandbeertents.Amsterdam'scelebrationisnotforthecasualpartier:Someattendantshaveparedittoawarzone!ScotlandCelebratingHogmanay,whichstandsforthelastdayoftheyear,isabigdealinScotland.ItissograndthatitoftenovershadowsChristmas.ChristmaswasoutlawedbytheChurchofScotlandfornearlyfourcenturies,anditdidn'tmakeaebackuntil1958.Thoughtheholidayhasregaineditspopularity,theNewYearFestivalofHogmanaystillholdsasacredplaceinScottishhearts.AustraliaSydneyHarborhostsoneofthebiggestNewYear'sEvecelebrationsintheworld.It'smidsummerinthesouthernpartofglobe,andthousandsofpeoplegatheraroundtheOperaHouseinadvance.Anairplaneshowandawaterdisplayopenthecelebrationat6:00pm.Afamilyfriendlyfireworksshowstartsat9:00pm,whilethemainattractiontheHarborLightParadeisatmidnight.TheUnitedStatesEachyear,hundredsofthousandsofpeopleflockloNewYorkCitytoseetheBigAppledropatmidnight.ThisNewYear'sEvetraditionactuallybeganasareplacementforfireworks,whichhadbeenforbiddeninNewYork.Inadditiontowatchingballsdrop,inotherUScitiesyoucanwatchpeaches,giantwalleye,andotherlocallyrelevantsymbolsloweredastheclockstrikesmidnight.1.Whatiseatingoliebollenmainlyrelatedto?A.History B.Custom C.Literature D.Location2.Travelerswholiketoseetheshowonthewatermaygoto________.A.Australia B.Scotland C.TheNetherland D.TheUnitedStates3.Thepassagemaybetakenfrom________?A.ageographicbook B.atravellingresearchC.anadvertisement D.atouristbrochure【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了荷蘭、蘇格蘭、澳大利亞、美國等國家慶祝新年的活動?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段第二句提到“Ifyouattend,buysomeoliebollentoeatatmidnight.ItisusuallybelievedthateatingthesedeepfriedoilyballswilldriveawayevilspiritsintheNewYear.”（如果你參加了，在午夜時(shí)買一些荷蘭油糖餅吃。人們通常認(rèn)為，吃這些油炸的糖餅可以在新的一年里驅(qū)除邪靈。）由此判斷，荷蘭人把吃油糖餅作為新年里驅(qū)除邪靈的儀式，這是一種新年時(shí)的風(fēng)俗。A.History歷史；B.Custom風(fēng)俗；C.Literature文學(xué)；D.Location位置，地點(diǎn)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在“澳大利亞”部分的第三句提到“Anairplaneshowandawaterdisplayopenthecelebrationat6:00pm.”（下午6點(diǎn)，飛機(jī)表演和水上表演拉開了新年慶典活動的序幕。）由此判斷，游客想要觀看水上表演的可以去澳大利亞。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段提到“DifferentcultureshavetheiruniquecelebrationsofthecalendarNewYear'straditions.Nowlet'slearnsomeoffamousNewYear'straditionsaroundtheworld.”（不同的文化有其獨(dú)特的慶祝新年的傳統(tǒng)。現(xiàn)在讓我們來了解一些世界各地著名的新年傳統(tǒng)。）在接下來的幾段中，分別介紹了荷蘭、蘇格蘭、澳大利亞、美國各國慶祝新年的傳統(tǒng)。告知游客可以參與及欣賞的新年慶?；顒印Ｓ纱伺袛?，文章出自于旅游手冊。A.ageographicbook地理書；B.atravellingresearch旅游調(diào)查；C.anadvertisement廣告宣傳；D.atouristbrochure旅游手冊。故選D。BLastMonday,IvisitedJalanBesartofindanewfanbladeforastandingfanthatmydaughtershadbroken.I’dworkedintheJalanBesararea30yearsagoandrememberedthattherewerelotsofsmallhardwareshopssellingunusualthingssoIthoughtthatIwouldhavenoproblemfindingafanblade.However,afterwalkingaroundforalmostanhour,Ifoundoutthattheseshopswerenolongeraround.WhenIwasreadytogiveupandgohome,Ispottedanoldfashionedhardwarestore.Afterbeinggreetedbyawoman,Iexplainedmypredicament.Sheimmediatelyaskedmetoshowherthebrokenblade.Outofnowhere,amanwholookedtobeinhis60scameout.Heaskedtoseethebladeandthendisappearedintotheshop.HecamebackwithabladebutitdidnotlookthesameaswhatIhadinmyhand.Weparedthetwobladesandhesaidthatitmightwork.Iaskedhimhowmuchitwas.Hetoldmethathehadtakenthebladeoffanoldfanthatsomeonehadbroughtinforrepair.Hesaid:“Itdidn’tcostmeanything,sowhyshouldIchargeyouforit?”Thatreallytouchedme.Itookthebladehomeanditworkedperfectly!Mydaughtersgota“new”fanfornothing.WhenItoldthemthisstory,theywereshockedastheyareusedtopatronizingbigmodernshopswhereeverythingistransactionalandtheemployeesgostrictlybythebook.Notsomuchmywife.Sheisalmostinher60s,andsaidthisremindedherofthekindauntiesanduncleswhousedtorunsmallshopsandwerealwaysreadytohelpotherswhenshewasgrowingup.4.WhydidtheauthorgotoJalanBesar?A.Tovisitoldfriends. B.Tofixthebrokenfan.C.Toapplyforajob. D.Tobuyanewfan.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predicament”inparagraph3mean?A.Nervousmood. B.Anxiouswaiting. C.Difficultsituation. D.Embarrassingmoments.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheoldman?A.Honestandhelpful. B.Kindandbrave.C.Determinedandcurious. D.Openmindedandhumorous.7.Howdidtheauthor’swifereacttohisexperience?A.Shethoughtlittleofit. B.Shewasgreatlysurprised.C.Shecouldn’tbelieveit. D.Sherememberedtheolddays.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者去商店買風(fēng)扇的葉片，結(jié)果沒有買到。一個(gè)老人免費(fèi)給了作者一個(gè)能用的葉片，作者非常受感動。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“LastMonday,IvisitedJalanBesartofindanewfanbladeforastandingfanthatmydaughtershadbroken.(上周一，我去JalanBesar為我女兒們弄壞的一個(gè)立式風(fēng)扇找了一個(gè)新風(fēng)扇葉片)”可知，作者去JalanBesar是為了修理壞掉的風(fēng)扇。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“I’dworkedintheJalanBesararea30yearsagoandrememberedthattherewerelotsofsmallhardwareshopssellingunusualthingssoIthoughtthatIwouldhavenoproblemfindingafanblade.However,afterwalkingaroundforalmostanhour,Ifoundoutthattheseshopswerenolongeraround.(30年前，我在JalanBesar地區(qū)工作過，記得那里有很多小五金店出售不尋常的東西，所以我想我可以很容易地找到一個(gè)風(fēng)扇葉片。然而，在走了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些商店已經(jīng)不在了)”可知，作者找不到可以買到風(fēng)扇葉片的商店了，即遇到了困境。故畫線詞意思是“困境”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Heaskedtoseethebladeandthendisappearedintotheshop.HecamebackwithabladebutitdidnotlookthesameaswhatIhadinmyhand.Weparedthetwobladesandhesaidthatitmightwork.(他要求看一下那葉片，然后就消失在店里了。他拿著一個(gè)葉片回來了，但它看起來和我手里的不一樣。我們比較了兩種葉片，他說可能有用)”以及第五段“Hesaid:“Itdidn’tcostmeanything,sowhyshouldIchargeyouforit?”(他說：“我沒花一分錢，為什么要收你錢呢？”)”可推知，老人誠實(shí)又樂于助人。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sheisalmostinher60s,andsaidthisremindedherofthekindauntiesanduncleswhousedtorunsmallshopsandwerealwaysreadytohelpotherswhenshewasgrowingup.(她已經(jīng)快60歲了，她說這讓她想起了自己成長過程中善良的叔叔阿姨，他們曾經(jīng)經(jīng)營著小商店，總是樂于幫助別人)”可知，作者的妻子記得過去的日子。故選D。CThereisasayingaboutthesouthwesternChineseprovinceofGuizhou:“Notthreefeetofflatland,notthreedayswithoutrain,notafamilywiththreesilvercoins.”But,withthehelpofaspicysauce,TaoHuabi,alsoknownas“China’shottestwoman”,haswellandtrulyopposedthisrule.Bornin1947,theeighthdaughterofapoorfamilyinavillageofmountainousGuizhou,Taodidnotgotoschoolanddidnotlearntoreadorwrite.Shespentherchildhoodhungry,andsurvivedtheGreatChineseFaminebyeatingplantroots,accordingtoabiographyonWeibo.Whenherhusbanddied,shemovedtothecityofGuiyangandstartedsellingnoodleswithasaucethatshemadeherself,SheeventuallyopenedthecharminglynamedEconomicalRestaurantinthe1990s.WhenanewhighwaybroughttruckdriverstoGuiyang,shegavethemfreejarsofthesauceandtheyspreadtheword.In1996,shesetafactoryupinahouseinGuiyang,andayearlaterLaoGanMaSpecialFlavourFoodstuffspanywasborn.MirandaBrown,professorofChinesestudiesattheUniversityofMichigan,whoiswritingabookonthehistoryofChinesefood,saysthatinChina,LaoGanMa’spopularityismainlybecauseherproductsarenatural.Chineseconsumerstendtowantfoodsthatperfectlymixregionalflavorsanduseingredientsgrownfromthesoilofthoseregions.AndtodayLaoGanMaisalsoincreasinglypopularoverseas,especiallyintheUS.Accordingtoitswebsite,thepanyproduces1.3millionbottlesdaily,helpingthehistoricallypoorGuizhouachieve10.5%growth—thesecondfastestofeveryChineseprovincethatyear,andaheadofthenationalrateof6.7%.Asforthegodmotherherself,anarticleinYicaiGlobaldescribesherastheQueenofa“redkingdom”ofchilifields.8.Whyisthesayingmentionedinparagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.B.Toserveasbackgroundinformation.C.Toattracttheinterestofthereaders.D.TodescribethepresentGuizhou.9.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphfocuson?ATao’sgrowthprocess. B.Tao’slivingconditions.C.ThehardshipsfacedbyTao. D.Thedevelopmentofthepany.10.AccordingtoMirandaBrown,whatisthereasonforLaoGanMa’spopularity?A.Lowprice. B.Spicytaste.C.Localingredients. D.Positivements.11.WhatcanwelearnfromTao’sstory?A.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Wellbegun,halfdone.D.Manyhandsmakelightwork.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了老干媽辣醬的創(chuàng)始人——陶華碧的故事。介紹了她如何開創(chuàng)老干媽這個(gè)品牌并使之風(fēng)靡全球的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ThereisasayingaboutthesouthwesternChineseprovinceofGuizhou:“Notthreefeetofflatland,notthreedayswithoutrain,notafamilywiththreesilvercoins.”Butwiththehelpofaspicysauce,TaoHuabi,alsoknownas“China’shottestwoman”,haswellandtrulyopposedthisrule.(關(guān)于中國西南省份貴州有一種說法：“天無三日晴，地?zé)o三尺平，人無三分銀?！辈贿^，有中國“最火辣的女人”之稱的陶華碧，憑借一種辣味調(diào)料完全打破了這條規(guī)律。)”可知，第一段對于中國貴州的這么一個(gè)說法，是為了介紹陶華碧的成長環(huán)境，屬于人物背景知識介紹。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Bornin1947,theeighthdaughterofapoorfamilyinavillageofmountainousGuizhou,Taodidnotgotoschoolanddidnotlearntoreadorwrite.Shespentherchildhoodhungry,andsurvivedtheGreatChineseFaminebyeatingplantroots,accordingtoabiographyonWeibo.Whenherhusbanddied,shemovedtothecityofGuiyangandstartedsellingnoodleswithasaucethatshemadeherself,SheeventuallyopenedthecharminglynamedEconomicalRestaurantinthe1990s.WhenanewhighwaybroughttruckdriverstoGuiyang,shegavethemfreejarsofthesauceandtheyspreadtheword.In1996,shesetafactoryupinahouseinGuiyang,andayearlaterLaoGanMaSpecialFlavourFoodstuffspanywasborn.(陶華碧1947年出生于貴州山區(qū)一個(gè)農(nóng)村貧困家庭，她在家排行老八，她沒有上過學(xué)，也不識字。根據(jù)微博上的一篇傳記，她的童年是在饑餓中度過的，在大饑荒中靠吃植物的根活了下來。丈夫去世后，她搬到了貴陽，開始賣她自己做的醬面。最后，她在20世紀(jì)90年代開了一家名叫“實(shí)惠飯店”的餐館。當(dāng)?shù)匦滦蘖艘粭l公路后，許多卡車司機(jī)途經(jīng)貴陽，她給他們免費(fèi)贈送了幾罐辣醬，因此聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。1996年，她在貴陽的一所房子里開了一家工廠，一年后，老干媽風(fēng)味食品誕生了。)”可知，第二段主要介紹了陶華碧的成長經(jīng)歷。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“MirandaBrown,professorofChinesestudiesattheUniversityofMichigan,whoiswritingabookonthehistoryofChinesefood,saysthatinChina,LaoGanMa’spopularityismainlybecauseherproductsarenatural.Chineseconsumerstendtowantfoodsthatperfectlymixregionalflavorsanduseingredientsgrownfromthesoilofthoseregions.(密歇根大學(xué)從事中國研究的教授米MirandaBrown正在寫一本關(guān)于中國美食歷史的書。她說，在中國，老干媽受歡迎主要是因?yàn)樗漠a(chǎn)品是純天然的。中國消費(fèi)者傾向于選擇能完美代表地方美食并使用本地自產(chǎn)配料的食物。)”可知，老干媽受歡迎的主要原因是其產(chǎn)自當(dāng)?shù)刈援a(chǎn)的配料。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Bornin1947,theeighthdaughterofapoorfamilyinavillageofmountainousGuizhou,Taodidnotgotoschoolanddidnotlearntoreadorwrite.Shespentherchildhoodhungry,andsurvivedtheGreatChineseFaminebyeatingplantroots,accordingtoabiographyonWeibo.Whenherhusbanddied,shemovedtothecityofGuiyangandstartedsellingnoodleswithasaucethatshemadeherself,SheeventuallyopenedthecharminglynamedEconomicalRestaurantinthe1990s.WhenanewhighwaybroughttruckdriverstoGuiyang,shegavethemfreejarsofthesauceandtheyspreadtheword.In1996,shesetafactoryupinahouseinGuiyang,andayearlaterLaoGanMaSpecialFlavourFoodstuffspanywasborn.(陶華碧1947年出生于貴州山區(qū)一個(gè)農(nóng)村貧困家庭，她在家排行老八，她沒有上過學(xué)，也不識字。根據(jù)微博上的一篇傳記，她的童年是在饑餓中度過的，在大饑荒中靠吃植物的根活了下來。丈夫去世后，她搬到了貴陽，開始賣她自己做的醬面。最后，她在20世紀(jì)90年代開了一家名叫“實(shí)惠飯店”的餐館。當(dāng)?shù)匦滦蘖艘粭l公路后，許多卡車司機(jī)途經(jīng)貴陽，她給他們免費(fèi)贈送了幾罐辣醬，因此聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。1996年，她在貴陽的一所房子里開了一家工廠，一年后，老干媽風(fēng)味食品誕生了。)”可知，陶華碧的成功是源自于她自身的努力，即便遭遇人生低谷，她也在不斷努力，奮斗，最終取得了成功。選項(xiàng)A“Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.(天助自助者。)”；選項(xiàng)B“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失敗是成功之母。)”；選項(xiàng)C“Wellbegun,halfdone.(好的開始是成功的一半。)”；選項(xiàng)D“Manyhandsmakelightwork.(人多好辦事。)”。選項(xiàng)A最符合文意，故選A。DAnewresearchledbyUniversityofPittsburghpsychologistsshowsthatolderadultsmaybeabletopreventdeclines(衰退)inacertainkindofmemorybystickingtoregularexercise.Fromthestudy,exercisingaboutthreetimesaweekforatleastfourmonthsishowmuchpeopleneedtoobtainthebenefitsinepisodicmemory.Episodicmemory,whichissupportedbyapartofthebrainthat’sknowntobenefitfromexercise,isthekindthatdealswitheventsthathappenedtoyouinthepast.It’salsooneofthefirsttodeclinewithage.Exercisethatgetstheheartpumpinghasshownpromiseinincreasingbrainhealth,andexperimentsinmiceshowthatitimprovesmemory—butstudieslookingatthesamelinkinhumanshaveeoutmixed.Duringtheresearch,theteamread1,279studiescarefully,eventuallynarrowingthemdowntojust36thatmetspecificcriteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)).ThentheyusedspecializedsoftwareandnosmallnumberofExcelspreadsheetstotransformthedataintoaformwherethedifferentstudiescouldbedirectlypared.Thatworkpaidoffwhentheyfoundthatpoolingtogetherthose36studieswasenoughtoshowthatforolderadults,exercisecanindeedbenefittheirmemory.Pastanalyseslookingatconnectionsbetweenexerciseandmemorydidn’tfindone,buttheteamtookseveralextrastepstogivethemthebestchanceoffindingalinkifonedidexist.Theylimitedtheirsearchtoparticulargroupsandagerangesaswellasaspecifickindofstrictexperimentalsetup.Anotherkeywasfocusingspecificallyonepisodicmemory.Withthatmuchlargerpoolofparticipants,theteamwasabletoshowalinkbetweenexerciseandepisodicmemory.Theteamalsofoundthegreatesteffectsofexerciseinthosewhohadn’tyetexperiencedanycognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline.12.Whatcanwelearnabout“episodicmemory”?A.Itbenefitsfromregularexercise.B.Ithasnothingtodowithage.C.Itdealswiththingshappeningnow.D.Itisconnectedwiththewholebrain.13.Howdidtheteamgettheirstudyresult?A.Bycarryingout1,279studies.B.Bymakingspecificcriteria.C.Bydoingexperimentsinmice.D.Byparingdifferentstudies.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Theteamgotthefindingsbychance.B.Theparticipantswerechosenfromallages.C.Thestudyfocusedonallkindsofmemories.D.Peoplewithoutcognitivedeclinebenefitmostfromexercise.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsfromRegularExerciseB.AdviceonHowtoExercisefortheOldC.StudiesFindWaystoImproveMemoriesD.ExerciseHelpstheOlderKeepMemories【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是匹茲堡大學(xué)心理學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，老年人可以通過堅(jiān)持定期鍛煉來防止某種記憶衰退。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Fromthestudy,exercisingaboutthreetimesaweekforatleastfourmonthsishowmuchpeopleneedtoobtainthebenefitsinepisodicmemory.(根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，每周鍛煉三次，堅(jiān)持至少四個(gè)月，是人們獲得情景記憶益處所需的運(yùn)動量。)”可知，情景記憶受益于定期鍛煉。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Duringtheresearch,theteamread1,279studiescarefully,eventuallynarrowingthemdowntojust36thatmetspecificcriteria.ThentheyusedspecializedsoftwareandnosmallnumberofExcelspreadsheetstotransformthedataintoaformwherethedifferentstudiescouldbedirectlypared.(在研究過程中，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)仔細(xì)閱讀了1279份研究報(bào)告，最終將其縮小到滿足特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的36份。然后，他們使用專門的軟件和大量的Excel電子表格將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成一種可以直接比較不同研究的形式。)”可知，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)通過比較不同的研究得到他們的研究結(jié)果的。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Theteamalsofoundthegreatesteffectsofexerciseinthosewhohadn’tyetexperiencedanycognitivedecline.(研究小組還發(fā)現(xiàn)，鍛煉對那些尚未經(jīng)歷任何認(rèn)知能力下降的人的影響最大。)”可推斷出沒有認(rèn)知衰退的人從鍛煉中獲益最多。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“AnewresearchledbyUniversityofPittsburghpsychologistsshowsthatolderadultsmaybeabletopreventdeclines(衰退)inacertainkindofmemorybystickingtoregularexercise.(匹茲堡大學(xué)心理學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，老年人可以通過堅(jiān)持定期鍛煉來防止某種記憶衰退。)”可知，本文主要講的是定期鍛煉對老年人的記憶有幫助，因此最好的題目是D選項(xiàng)“ExerciseHelpstheOlderKeepMemories(鍛煉有助于老年人保持記憶)”，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，共12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyou’vegotalotofinformationingatyou,oryouneedtopickupanewskillinashorttime,noworries.____16____Tohelpyoudoit,we’veputtogetheralistofthingsyoucandotoimproveyourabilitytolearnquicklyandeffectively.____17____Therightmindsetcanhelpyoulearnmoreeffectively.Trytoremindyourselfthatyou’relearningsomethingtoimproveyourknowledgeandskills.Thinkaboutallofthebenefitsthatewithit.Avoidworstcasethinkingandfocusonthepossiblepositiveoutes(結(jié)果).Itcanmakeahugedifference.Testyourselfasoftenasyoucan.It’sagreatwaytofigureoutwhatyouneedtolearn.Gothroughtheinformationyou’retryingtolearnandaskyourselfquestionsaboutthematerial.Ifyouanswercorrectly,great!____18____Ifyouhaveaccesstopracticetests,usethemtochallengeyourmemory.Themoreyoutestyourself,themoreconfidentyou’llbethatyouknowtheinformation.Practiceataskindifferentwaystolearnmorequickly.Changingthewayyoupracticecanhelpyouimprove.Ifyou’retryingtolearnataskorskill,practiceissuperimportantandoneofthemosteffectivewaystogetbetter.____19____Instead,trymixingitupandpracticingadifferentwayeachtime,whichcanhelpyourmindstrengthenyourmemories,makingyoulearnmorequickly.Exerciseregularly.It’llimprovebothyourhealthandyourmemory.Studiesshowthatregularperiodsofexercisecansignificantlyimproveyourmemory.Trytogetatleast30minuteseachday.Useexerciseasahealthywaytotakeabreakfromyourstudies,whichwillalsoactuallyhelpwithyourrecall.Tryoutagroupfitnessclass,goforarunorbikeride,orliftsomeweights.____20____A.Usementalimagestohelprememberthings.B.Keepapositiveattitudewhenyou’relearning.C.Ifnot,findtherightanswerandtrytorememberit.D.Butdon’tjustpracticethesamewayoverandover.E.Doanythingthatyoufeelfortabledoing—justgetactive!F.Ifyoutestyourselfregularly,youwillrememberwhatyou’relearningbetter.G.Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanusesomestrategiestoimproveyourlearningability.【答案】16G17.B18.C19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些快速有效提高學(xué)習(xí)能力的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Ifyou’vegotalotofinformationingatyou,oryouneedtopickupanewskillinashorttime,noworries.(如果你有很多信息，或者你需要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握一項(xiàng)新技能，不用擔(dān)心)”提到，如果需要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握一項(xiàng)新技能，不用擔(dān)心，空處應(yīng)是接著說有什么辦法可以做到，G項(xiàng)“好消息是，你可以使用一些策略來提高你的學(xué)習(xí)能力”符合語境，下文“Tohelpyoudoit(為了幫助你做到這一點(diǎn))”中的it指代G項(xiàng)中的“improveyourlearningability”，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段中“Therightmindsetcanhelpyoulearnmoreeffectively.(正確的心態(tài)可以幫助你更有效地學(xué)習(xí))”以及“Thinkaboutallofthebenefitsthatewithit.(想想它帶來的所有好處)”可知，本段主要說保持積極的態(tài)度，B項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候保持積極的態(tài)度”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】上文“Gothroughtheinformationyou’retryingtolearnandaskyourselfquestionsaboutthematerial.Ifyouanswercorrectly,great!(瀏覽你想要學(xué)習(xí)的信息，并問自己有關(guān)材料的問題。如果你答對了，太好了)”提到，瀏覽想要學(xué)習(xí)的信息，提問有關(guān)材料的問題，并接著描述了答對的情況，空處應(yīng)是描述沒有答對的情況，C項(xiàng)“如果沒有，找到正確的答案并試著記住它”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Instead,trymixingitupandpracticingadifferentwayeachtime,whichcanhelpyourmindstrengthenyourmemories,makingyoulearnmorequickly.(相反，試著把它們混在一起，每次都用不同的方式練習(xí)，這可以幫助你的大腦加強(qiáng)記憶，讓你學(xué)得更快)”可知，空處與下文是描述相反的情況，D項(xiàng)“但不要只是一遍又一遍地練習(xí)同樣的方法”符合語境。故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Exerciseregularly.(定期鍛煉)”及空前“Tryoutagroupfitnessclass,goforarunorbikeride,orliftsomeweights.(試著參加一個(gè)團(tuán)體健身班，跑步或騎自行車，或者舉重)”可知，本段主要講要定期鍛煉，空前列舉了一些鍛煉形式，E項(xiàng)“做任何你覺得舒服的事情——只要活躍起來！”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Whenthehostannouncethatmychoir(合唱隊(duì))wonthesecondplaceoftheWorldChoirGame,Icouldn’believewhatIheard.Allthe____21____thatwemadewasworthwhile.Throughthisunforgettableexperience,I____22____much.Inthesemifinals,weweresupposedtosingfoursongs.Whenweplayedthethirdsong,Isuddenlyheardanunexpected____23____—agirlinthealto(女低音)gotquick.Theotherstudentsinthealtowere____24____bythegirlandweregettingquickerandquicker.Ourchoir’sleader,MrsLeenoticeditand____25____usedherhandtokeeptime,butshe____26____.AfterthesongthesmileonMrsLee’sfacefrozeandsomeofourmembersturnedandtriedtofindthepersonwhofirstgot____27____.Mymindwasblank,butquicklyIrealizedtheonlythingwecoulddowasto____28____theperformance.Thenwithasmile,MrsLeebecamea____29____again,whoseemedtohavetotallyforgotwhatwehaddone.Wesangthe_____30_____songasusual.Afterthepetition,Iwas_____31_____Justbecauseofoneperson’sfault,thewholechoirmustaffordthefactthatwemightlosethegame.Icried,butthenIfoundnothingwouldchangenomatterhowhardwe_____32_____thegirlwhoplayedpoorly._____33_____,Icametoher,encouragedherandpracticedthewholemelodywithher.Inthefinals,wegotthemedalbecauseofour_____34_____performance.Neverblameapersonwhenshemakesamistake,buthelphertosolvetheproblemwhenyouarestrugglingtowardthesamegoal.Nomatterwhatyouwillexperiencewithothersinthefuture,successesorfailures,laughterortears,thesewillsurelybeeyourprecioustreasureand_____35_____.21.A.promises B.efforts C.requirements D.differences22.A.contributed B.attempted C.learned D.challenged23.A.Instruction B.girl C.voice D.song24.A.drivenaway B.ledaway C.givenaway D.turnedaway25.A.similarly B.gracefully C.regretfully D.immediately26.A.failed B.quit C.lost D.struck27.A.sick B.wrong C.unique D.slow28.A.arrange B.stop C.plete D.concentrate29.A.conductor B.singer C.dancer D.teacher30.A.same B.only C.first D.last31.A.disappointed B.embarrassed C.excited D.impressed32.A.blamed B.attacked C.called D.alarmed33.A.Otherwise B.Therefore C.Instead D.Additionally34.A.creative B.classic C.perfect D.advanced35.A.strengths B.surprise C.sadness D.memory【答案】21B22.C23.C24.B25.D26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D31.A32.A33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是作者的合唱隊(duì)在一次比賽時(shí)出現(xiàn)失誤，全隊(duì)沒有對犯錯(cuò)的人進(jìn)行指責(zé)而是一起面對問題，最終取得成功的故事，作者在這件事情上學(xué)到了很多?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們所做的一切努力都是值得的。A.promises承諾；B.efforts努力；C.requirements要求；D.differences區(qū)別。根據(jù)下文故事的描述以及上文“Whenthehostannouncethatmychoir(合唱隊(duì))wonthesecondplaceoftheWorldChoirGame,Icouldn’tbelievewhatIheard.(當(dāng)主持人宣布我的合唱團(tuán)贏得了世界合唱比賽的第二名時(shí)，我簡直不敢相信我聽到的。)”可知，此處指的是我們的“努力”值得了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過這次難忘的經(jīng)歷，我學(xué)到了很多。A.contributed捐贈；B.attempted嘗試；C.learned學(xué)習(xí)；D.challenged挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)下文中的“Neverblameapersonwhenshemakesamistake,buthelphertosolvetheproblemwhenyouarestrugglingtowardthesamegoal.(當(dāng)一個(gè)人犯了錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，不要責(zé)備他，而是在你為同一個(gè)目標(biāo)奮斗的時(shí)候幫助他解決問題)”可知，此處指的是作者在這次難忘的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到了很多道理。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們演奏第三首歌時(shí)，我突然聽到一個(gè)意想不到的聲音——一個(gè)女孩唱的女中音快了。A.instruction說明；B.girl女孩；C.voice嗓音；D.song歌曲。根據(jù)下文中的“agirlinthealto(女低音)gotquick.”可知，此處指的是“嗓音”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：女中音里的其他學(xué)生被那個(gè)女孩帶錯(cuò)了，他們的速度越來越快。A.drivenaway趕走；B.ledaway引走；C.givenaway贈送；D.turnedaway避開。根據(jù)下文中的“andweregettingquickerandquicker”可知，此處指的是小女孩的中音把大家都“帶錯(cuò)”了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們合唱隊(duì)的領(lǐng)隊(duì)MrsLee注意到了這一點(diǎn)，立即用她的手來合拍子，但她失敗了。A.similarly相似地；B.gracefully優(yōu)雅地；C.regretfully遺憾地；D.immediately馬上。根據(jù)上文中的“MrsLeenoticedit”可知，領(lǐng)隊(duì)MrsLee注意到錯(cuò)誤后，應(yīng)該是“馬上”做出調(diào)整。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們合唱隊(duì)的領(lǐng)隊(duì)MrsLee注意到了這一點(diǎn)，立即用她的手來合拍子，但她失敗了。A.failed失敗；B.quit放棄；C.lost丟失；D.struck擊打。根據(jù)下文中的“AfterthesongthesmileonMrsLee’sfacefroze”可知，MrsLee的調(diào)整應(yīng)該是“失敗”了，表情才會凝重。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：歌曲結(jié)束后，MrsLee臉上的笑容僵住了，我們的一些成員轉(zhuǎn)過身來，試圖找到第一個(gè)錯(cuò)的人。A.sick病的；B.wrong錯(cuò)的；C.unique獨(dú)特的；D.slow慢的。根據(jù)上文中的“Whenweplayedthethirdsong,Isuddenlyheardanunexpected____3____—agirlinthealto(女低音)gotquick.”以及“triedtofindtheperson”可知，此處指的是大家想找出第一個(gè)“出錯(cuò)”的人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的腦子一片空白，但很快我意識到我們唯一