大學(xué)英語-4(學(xué)科英語)學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年判斷：錦城在線上的視頻觀看任務(wù)，整體觀看率達(dá)到90%即可，個(gè)別任務(wù)的觀看率低于90%也沒關(guān)系。

答案:錯(cuò)判斷:在“課外作業(yè)、階段測驗(yàn)、課程論文”三部分中，學(xué)生可以有某一部分分?jǐn)?shù)為零,這樣不影響期末總評成績。

答案:錯(cuò)以下哪些行為會(huì)扣掉平時(shí)成績？

答案:遲到;上課玩手機(jī)、睡覺等做與課堂無關(guān)的事。;沒按時(shí)完成各項(xiàng)學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。以下哪些行為可以加平時(shí)成績？

答案:本學(xué)期全勤，沒有請假或曠課。;做額外的習(xí)題，如四六級、雅思、托福。;上課主動(dòng)回答問題、參加課堂活動(dòng)。如果你本學(xué)期的平時(shí)成績?yōu)?6,那意味著______________.

答案:平時(shí)成績不合格;總評成績不合格(20);無緣補(bǔ)考;重修該課程本學(xué)期期末考試的題型有______。

答案:聽力理解;閱讀理解;詞匯結(jié)構(gòu);翻譯;作文本學(xué)期,《大學(xué)英語-4》課程使用的精讀教材為____________,聽說教材為______________,快讀教材為_______________。

答案:《全新版大學(xué)英語高階英語綜合教程4》(第三版);《大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語聽說教程2》(第四版);《大學(xué)英語分級閱讀實(shí)訓(xùn)教程4》每缺一次課扣________分，請假必須出具由各系開具并蓋章的假條，否則視為缺勤。每學(xué)期請假超過________次視為缺勤。

答案:25；3本學(xué)期,《全新版大學(xué)英語高階英語綜合教程4》(第三版）將學(xué)習(xí)____單元,《大學(xué)體驗(yàn)英語聽說教程2》(第四版)將學(xué)習(xí)____單元。

答案:1-2，4-5；1-5延用上例,在參加補(bǔ)考后,如果你的卷面成績?yōu)?0分,你需要重修這門課程嗎?為什么?

答案:不需要，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)補(bǔ)考沿用初修時(shí)平時(shí)成績的規(guī)定，總評成績已達(dá)60分，并且滿足雙50要求。如果你本學(xué)期的平時(shí)成績?yōu)?5分,期末卷面成績?yōu)?9分,你本學(xué)期《大學(xué)英語-4》的總評成績?yōu)開____。

答案:40本學(xué)期課程考核的方式中,形成性評價(jià)即平時(shí)成績的構(gòu)成中,考勤與課堂表現(xiàn)占______%,課外作業(yè)(快讀作業(yè))占______%,階段測驗(yàn)(學(xué)習(xí)完成分+任務(wù)分+單元測試)占______%,課程論文(作文及翻譯+一課一文)占______%,學(xué)習(xí)加分(額外加分)占______%。

答案:20,20,30,20,10本學(xué)期,本課程在錦城在線/學(xué)習(xí)通上的每個(gè)任務(wù)點(diǎn)觀看率須達(dá)到并超過_____%,并完成相關(guān)的翻轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。每個(gè)單元學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束后須完成相應(yīng)的_____________。

答案:90,在線單元測驗(yàn)本學(xué)期,《大學(xué)英語分級閱讀實(shí)訓(xùn)教程4》(全新版)須完成_______單元。

答案:1-8單元/star3/origin/eb2c2444f7dafc340fd3b4ebe8555924.png

答案:infectious;entrusted;explicit;energetic;commend;haunt;aversionTEDTalk:WhyIloveVultures-2Fillintheblankswiththewordsyouhearinthevideo.Q3Sowhatistheproblemwithvultures?Wehaveeight___1___ofvulturesthatoccurinKenya,ofwhichsixarehighlythreatenedwithextinction.InSouthAsia,incountrieslikeIndiaandPakistan,fourspeciesofvulturesarelistedas___2___endangered,whichmeanstheyhavelessthan10or15yearstogoextinct.Q4Sowhat’sbeingdone?Well,we'reconductingresearchonthesebirds.We'reputtingtransmittersonthem.We'retryingtodeterminetheirbasic___3___,andseewheretheygo.Wecanseethattheytraveldifferentcountries,soifyoufocusonaproblemlocally,it'snotgoingtohelpyou.Weneedtoworkwithgovernmentsinregionallevels.We'reworkingwithlocalcommunities.We'retalkingtothemaboutappreciatingvultures,abouttheneedfromwithinto___4___thesewonderfulcreaturesandtheservicesthattheyprovide.Q5Howcanyouhelp?Youcanbecomeactive,makenoise.Youcanwritealettertoyourgovernmentandtellthemthatweneedtofocusonthesevery___5___creatures.Volunteeryourtimetospreadtheword.Spreadtheword.Whenyouwalkoutofthisroom,youwillbeinformedaboutvultures,butspeaktoyourfamilies,toyourchildren,toyourneighborsaboutvultures.Theyarevery___6___.CharlesDarwinsaidhechangedhismindbecausehewatchedthemflyeffortlesslywithoutenergyintheskies.Kenya,thisworld,willbemuchpoorerwithoutthesewonderfulspecies.Thankyouverymuch.

答案:species;critically;ecology;appreciate;misunderstood;graceful1.

WatchthevideoandrewriteChristine’sstory.ChristinelivestogetherwithherparentsandherolderbrotherEd.Herparentsareverynicetowardsbothofthem,butthis

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doesn’tcomeoutinthesamewaywithherandasitdoestowardsEd.Bothherparentshaveatraditionalapproachtofamilyvalues–amanistheheadofthefamily,the

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,andthewomanissupposedtoobeyhim.ChristineenviesEdagreatdeal.Thepointis,sinceherearlychildhoodherparentshavealwaysbeenstricttowardsChristine.Shewassupposedtohaveawell-scheduledday–

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studies,domesticchores,acoupleofhourswithsomeapprovedgirl,playingdollsunderherparents’watchfuleye,andhomenolaterthan7pm.ItallsoundsokuntilyoucomparethisroutinewithEd’s,whocoulddowhateverhelikedwithwhoeverhelikedatanytimeoftheday!Sheactuallycouldn’tunderstandwhatthedrasticdifferencewasbetweenherandEd.Edcouldhavearestwheneverheliked,whereasChristinewassupposedtodo

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choreseverydayevenifshewastiredornotinthemood.WhenEdatesomething,momcalledhertowashhisdishes.“Excuseme,whycan’thedoit,theseareHISdishes?”Hermomwouldrespond:“He’saboyanddoesn’tneedtodoanythingathome,it’sourduty.”ThedifferencemadeChristinegrowupwithaverystrongsenseofjusticeandequality.Shedoesn’twantto

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toomuchaboutherparents.However,thethingsheknowsbestisthatforher,it’scrucialnottosupportthesamevaluestheyhavepassedontoher.Whileshewasgrowingup,shefeltlikeshelivedinacagethatdidn’tgrowtogetheralongwithher.That’swhy,oneday,shedecidedtopushthe

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.ButChristinedidn’twanttoopposeherparentsdirectly.They’regoodcaringpeopleanddidn’tdeservearebellion.Shehadadifferentidea.Shedecidedthatshewouldstudyalotandgetinvolvedinalotofextracurricularactivities,especiallythosedealingwithhumanrightsandsocialintegration.Why?Becauseshefeltthather

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inlifewouldbetoenterlawschoolandbecomeacivilandhumanrightsadvocate!Herparentshadotherideas.Theythoughtshewouldgotosomecollegeintheirhometownandthenmaybebecomeateacherofsomehumanitiessubject.Youshouldhaveseentheirfaceswhenshe

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themthatshewasgoingtoapplyforauniversityinabigcityandifeverythingwentright,shewouldbeleavingthemtostudysomethingthatwas,totheirmind,completelyunladylike!Itwasa

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forthem.Butwhatshouldshehavedone?Shehadgrownupandwasnowanambitiousyoungwoman.Ifshehadhadadifferentcharacter,shewouldprobablyhavebeenasubmissiveand

(10)

daughter,butChristineisnotreadytogiveupherprinciplesbecauseherparentsseethingsdifferently.

答案:niceness;breadwinner;diligent;domestic;complain;boundaries;ambition;informed;tragedy;(10)obedient25.?

答案:Avoidusingcapitalsforemphasis24.?

答案:Itrequiresnoreply23.?

答案:MakeatimelyresponseQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.[音頻]22.?

答案:Itislikelytoremainameansofbusinesscommunication20.?

答案:ItiscostlytobringbackQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.[音頻]19.?

答案:Alotofgarbagehasbeenleftonthemoon17.?

答案:TheyweredislikedmostbychildrenSectionCPassageDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.[音頻]16.?

答案:Exposingthemtovegetablesrepeatedly15.?

答案:Thisyear'sRestaurantWeekwillstartsoon14.?

答案:Theygotoeatatdifferentstylishrestaurants13.?

答案:ItprovidesinformationonlocaleventsQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.[音頻]12.?

答案:Tryoutanewrestauranttogetherintown10.?

答案:TheyallcomefromRomania9.?

答案:ProvidequalityfurnitureataffordablepricesSectionBConversationDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversationsyouwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestion-swillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion.YoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.[音頻]8.?

答案:Theysawabusinessopportunitythere6.?

答案:HecanchangehisfocusofattentionandrelaxQuestions5and7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.[音頻]5.?

答案:Heheldapart-timejobforover20years4.?

答案:PrimaryschoolteachersunderstandbasicmathsconceptsQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.[音頻]3.?

答案:ChangeBritishpeople'snegativeviewofmaths2.?

答案:HewascollectingbuildingmaterialsSectionANewsReportDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.[音頻]1.?

答案:AmanwaspulledtosafetyafterabuildingcollapseReadthepassage“EthicalDilemmaofSelf-DrivingCars”.Answerthequestionsandprepareforthegroupdiscussioninthenextclass.

可以不在此寫答案，但是要準(zhǔn)備課堂回答問題。EthicalDilemmaofSelf-DrivingCarsIt’llcomeasnosurprisethatmanycarmanufacturersarebeginningtothinkaboutcarsthattakethedrivingoutofyourhandsaltogether.

Thesecarswillbesafer,cleaner,andmorefuel-efficientthantheirmanualcounterparts.Andyettheycanneverbeperfectlysafe.Andthatraisessomedifficultissues.Howshouldthecarbeprogrammedtoactintheeventofanunavoidableaccident?Shoulditminimizethelossoflife,evenifitmeanssacrificingtheoccupants,orshoulditprotecttheoccupantsatallcosts?Shoulditchoosebetweentheseextremesatrandom?Theanswerstotheseethicalquestionsareimportantbecausetheycouldhaveabigimpactonthewayself-drivingcarsareacceptedinsociety.Whowouldbuyacarprogrammedtosacrificetheowner?Hereisthenatureofthedilemma.Imaginethatinthenot-too-distantfuture,youownaself-drivingcar.Oneday,whileyouaredrivingalong,anunfortunatesetofeventscausesthecartoheadtowardacrowdof10peoplecrossingtheroad.Itcannotstopintimebutitcanavoidkilling10peoplebysteeringintoawall.However,thiscollisionwouldkillyou,theownerandoccupant.Whatshoulditdo?Onewaytoapproachthiskindofproblemistoactinawaythatminimizesthelossoflife.Bythiswayofthinking,killingonepersonisbetterthankilling10.Butthatapproachmayhaveotherconsequences.Iffewerpeoplebuyself-drivingcarsbecausetheyareprogrammedtosacrificetheirowners,thenmorepeoplearelikelytodiebecauseordinarycarsareinvolvedinsomanymoreaccidents.TheresultisaCatch-22situation.Bonnefonandcoareseekingtofindawaythroughthisethicaldilemmabygaugingpublicopinion.Theresultsareinteresting,ifpredictable.Ingeneral,peoplearecomfortablewiththeideathatself-drivingvehiclesshouldbeprogrammedtominimizethedeathtoll.Thisutilitarianapproachiscertainlylaudablebuttheparticipantswerewillingtogoonlysofar.“[Participants]werenotasconfidentthatautonomousvehicleswouldbeprogrammedthatwayinreality—andforagoodreason:theyactuallywishedotherstocruiseinutilitarianautonomousvehicles,morethantheywantedtobuyutilitarianautonomousvehiclesthemselves,”concludeBonnefonandco.Andthereinliestheparadox.

Peopleareinfavorofcarsthatsacrificetheoccupanttosaveotherlives—aslongtheydon’thavetodriveonethemselves.Bonnefonandcoarequicktopointoutthattheirworkrepresentsthefirstfewstepsintowhatislikelytobeafiendishlycomplexmoralmaze.Otherissuesthatwillneedtobefactoredintofuturethinkingarethenatureofuncertaintyandtheassignmentofblame.

Bonnefonandcosaytheseissuesraisemanyimportantquestions:“Isitacceptableforanautonomousvehicletoavoidamotorcyclebyswervingintoawall,consideringthattheprobabilityofsurvivalisgreaterforthepassengerofthecar,thanfortheriderofthemotorcycle?Shoulddifferentdecisionsbemadewhenchildrenareonboard,sincetheybothhavealongertimeaheadofthemthanadults,andhadlessagencyinbeinginthecarinthefirstplace?Ifamanufactureroffersdifferentversionsofitsmoralalgorithm,andabuyerknowinglychoseoneofthem,isthebuyertoblamefortheharmfulconsequencesofthealgorithm’sdecisions?”Theseproblemscannotbeignored,saytheteam:“Asweareabouttoendowmillionsofvehicleswithautonomy,takingalgorithmicmoralityseriouslyhasneverbeenmoreurgent.”(1).Whatistheethicaldilemmaofself-drivingcars?(2).Whatarethepotentialconsequencesofprogrammingself-drivingcarstosacrificetheirowners?(3).Whatistheparadoxregardingpeople'sviewsonself-drivingcarssacrificingoccupantstosaveotherlives?

答案:1.

Whatistheethicaldilemmaofself-drivingcars?Theethicaldilemmaofself-drivingcarsishowtheyshouldbeprogrammedtoactincaseofanunavoidableaccident,specificallywhethertoprioritizethesafetyofoccupantsorminimizethelossoflife.2.

Whatarethepotentialconsequencesofprogrammingself-drivingcarstosacrificetheirowners?Ifself-drivingcarsareprogrammedtosacrificetheirowners,fewerpeoplemaybuythem,leadingtomoredeathsfromordinarycarsinvolvedinmoreaccidents.3.

Whatistheparadoxregardingpeople'sviewsonself-drivingcarssacrificingoccupantstosaveotherlives?Peopleareinfavorofcarsthatsacrificetheoccupanttosaveotherlives,buttheyarenotwillingtodriveonethemselves.6)Theangstyteenwholoveheavymetalaremorelikelytofeelrecognizedandhavehighself-esteem.

答案:錯(cuò)5)Athleteslovevigorousmusicbecausetheyfeelitfitswiththeirdynamiclifestyleandpersona.

答案:對4)Femalesaremorelikelytoenjoyheavybassinmusic.

答案:錯(cuò)3)Peoplewhoaremoreopentonewexperiencesweremorelikelytoexperienceshiverswhenlisteningtomusic.

答案:對2)Musicwithmixedemotionscausedthemostnostalgia.

答案:對1)Autobiographicalmusicwasmostlikelytocausenostalgicemotions.

答案:對2.Accordingtothevideo,thereisalinkbetweenmusicalgenresandpersonalities.Matcheachmusicgenrewiththerelevantpersonality.(只填寫句子所代表的大寫字母）A.youprobablyprettyoutgoing.B.youarelessopentonewexperiences.C.youtendtobeextrovertedandhonest.D.youmightbemorecreativeorhaveahigherIQ.E.youareusuallyprettyconventionalandhardworking.F.youtendtobemoreintrovertedandcouldevensufferfromlowself-esteem.G.youaremorelikelytohaveantisocialtendenciesandborderlinepersonalitydisorders.music

genrepersonality1Ifyoulikecomplexmusiclikejazzor

classical,2Ifyoulovepopmusic,3Ifyoulikerapmusic,4Ifyouarecountrymusicfans，5.Ifyouhaveametalhead,6Ifyouenjoybass,7Ifyoupreferarepetitivemusic，

答案:D;C;A;E;F;G;BManypeoplewhohadwatchedthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_______

peoplewereeatenbythetiger.

答案:inwhichHisconstantjokingwasbeginningto______her.

答案:annoyTheybroughtinnewtaxlawsina_______

torestoretheirpopularity.

答案:bidIdon'tfeel_______enoughtorushabout,soI'llsitdown.

答案:energeticMinistershaveshownextreme________

toexplaintheirunpleasantsituationtothemedia.

答案:reluctanceDuringthe_______

schoolyear,shecontinuedtoenjoyandexcelatmathematics.

答案:subsequentYouneedto______thoseburgerssothattheycookevenlyonbothsides.

答案:turnover______

Accordingtoapediatrician,nomatterwhatkindofplaychildrenengagein,theyarelearninghowtocreatethings.

答案:G;D;J;F;C;H;B;I;E;A______

OnequarterofteachersinanAmericancitysaidthatchildreninkindergartenshadnotimeforplayingfreely.

答案:G;D;J;F;C;H;B;I;E_____

Dr.MichaelYogmanbelievestheideathatparentsshouldcarefullyschedulechildren'stimemaynotbehelpfultotheirgrowth.

答案:G;D;J;F;C;H;B;I______

Thesuggestionoflettingchildrensimplyplaymaysoundlikegoingbackwardstoparentswhowanttohelpbuildtheirchildren'sskills.

答案:G;D;J;F;C;H;B______

Playingwithdigitaldevicesdiscourageskidsfromactivediscovery,accordingtopediatricianDr.MichaelYogman.

答案:G;D;J;F;C;H____

Byplayingwithchildren,parentscanpreventthemfrombeingharmedbystress.

答案:G;D;J;F;C_____

Ithasbeenacknowledgedthatwhilekidsmaywelcomepediatricians'recommendation,theirparentsmaydoubtitsfeasibility.

答案:G;D;J______

Sincethebeginningofthiscentury,anincreasingamountoftimehasbeenshiftedinpublicschoolsfromrecesstoacademicactivities.

答案:G;D_____

Increaseduseofdigitaldevicesstealsawaychildren'splaytime.

答案:G(9)______

答案:H;known;K;peer;G;genuinely;C;discover;J;jealousy;O;powerful;F;inspiration;N;impression;E;occupy(8)______

答案:H;known;K;peer;G;genuinely;C;discover;J;jealousy;O;powerful;F;inspiration;N;impression(7)______

答案:H;known;K;peer;G;genuinely;C;discover;J;jealousy;O;powerful;F;inspiration(6)______

答案:H;known;K;peer;G;genuinely;C;discover;J;jealousy;O;powerful(5)_______

答案:H;known;K;peer;G;genuinely;C;discover;J;jealousy(4)______

答案:H;known;K;peer;G;genuinely;C;discover(3)______

答案:H;known;K;peer;G;genuinely(2)______

答案:H;known;K;peer(1)______

答案:H;knownDavidGearythinksthat________.

答案:theresearchresultsneedtoberetestedbasedonalargersampleThesixthparagraphtellsusthattheresearchfindings_________.

答案:proveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers'mathanxietyandtheirfemalestudents'mathachievementsAccordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousaboutmathwhentheyfelt______.

答案:uneasyreadingthenumbersofasalesreceiptWhatistheresultoftheresearchattheUniversityofChicago,accordingtothefirstparagraph?

答案:Femaleteachers'confidenceintheirmathskillsisrelatedtogirl'smathskillsInwhatwaywereMarieandlrenesimilar?

答案:BothdiedofbloodcancerForwhatwaslreneCurieawardedaMilitaryMedal?

答案:ShedevelopedX-rayfacilitiesformilitaryhospitalsWhatdoesthespeakersayaboutMarieCurie'sdaughter?

答案:ShewasalsoaNobelPrizewinnerHowmanySumatranelephantsarethereinthewild?

答案:Between2,400and2,800Anotherreasonforthecurrentsituationis_________.

答案:illegalhuntingWhatisthemaincauseofthecurrentsituationofSumatranelephants?

答案:TherainforestiscutdownbypeopleWhatisthecurrentsituationofSumatranelephants?

答案:TheyarefacingextinctionWhatdidthestrangerdoforChauncy?

答案:HeraisedalargesumofmoneyforhimWhatdidtheteenagerChauncydoatthegrocerystoretogetsomefood?

答案:HehelpedastrangertocarrygroceriestohiscarManyAmericansthinkAbrahamLincolnisoneoftherespected______.

答案:politiciansTheabilitytogetalongwithpeopleisan______inbusiness.

答案:assetThecompanyundertakes

______

workonalltypesofcars.

答案:mechanicalThegirlledmedownthe

______

tomyseat.

答案:aisleThepainwassobadthatshelostall

______.

答案:sensationWhenItoldLucyIlovedherbooks,shethoughtIwasbeing

______.

答案:ironicHehaswrittenthescriptfora

______ofsuccessfulfilms.

答案:numberMany________

expertsnowbelievethatmethaneismoreresponsibleforglobalwarmingthancarbondioxide.

答案:environmentalSectionCMatchingParagraphswithInformationDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymatchingthecorrespondingletterwitheachstatement.

A)

Twentyyearsfromnow,asmanyas25millionAmericans—nearly20percentoftheworkforce—willstretchtheboundariesbetweenhomeandworkfarbeyondthelinesdrawnnow.Technologyhasalreadysoacceleratedthepaceofchangeintheworkplacethatfewfuturistsarewillingtopredicthardnumbers.Butnearlyalltrend-trackersagreethatmuchofthenextcentury'sworkwillbedecentralized,doneathomeorinsatelliteofficesonascheduletailoredtofitworkers'livesandtheneedsoftheirfamilies.Eveninternationalboundariesmayblurastheeconomygoestrulyglobal.

B)

Between1990and1998,telecommutingdoubledfromabout3percentto6percentoftheworkingpopulation—orabout8.2millionpeople.Thenumbersareexpectedtodoubleagaininfarlesstime,withasmuchas12percentofthepopulationtelecommutingbytheyear2005,saysCharlieGrantham,directoroftheInstitutefortheStudyofDistributedWorkinWindsor,California.

C)

Wirelesscomputersandseamlesscommunicationssystemsarealreadyintheworksandfuelingthetrend.Thevideophoneisnotfaroff,anadvancethatmanyfuturistsbelievewillmakeevenmorecompaniescomfortablewithemployeesworkingfromhome."Now,wecommunicateatthelevelofradio,"saysGeraldCelente,authorofTrends2000anddirectorofTheTrendsResearchInstituteofRhinebeck,NewYork.E-mailandthetelephoneareprimitive,heargues,andmakepeoplefeelcutofffromco-workers.Butonceeveryonecanseeeachotheronthescreen,longdistancerelationshipswillfeelmoreintimate.

D)

Whatabouttheoffice?"Today'sofficesareadirectdescendantofthefactory,"saysGilGordon,aconsultantbasedinMonmouthJunction,NewJersey,whohasspentnearlytwodecadesadvisingcompaniesonhowtoinstitutetelecommutingandmoreflexibleworkpatterns."Theymaybebetterlighted,butthey'remuchthesame."Still,Gordondoesnotthinktheofficebuildingwillvanishaltogether.Rather,theofficeof2020willbejustoneplaceforfocusedworkthatrequirestruecollaboration.Itwillalsobeakeysiteforsocializingandcementingtherelationshipsthatkeepabusinessgoing.

E)

Physically,however,itmaylookquitedifferent.Thetypicalofficetodayallocatesabout80percentofthespacetoofficesandcubicles,withtherestgivenovertoformalmeetingrooms,Gordonsays.Thatwillsoonchangeto20percentforindividualworkstationsand40percentfor"touch-downspaces"tolandinbutnottomoveinto.WemaysitstillonlylongenoughtocheckE-mailandaccessdata.Gordonpredictstheremaining40percentofspacewillbedevotedtositesusedbyteamsandgroups,includingconferencerooms.Buttheywillnotlookliketoday'sdullconferencerooms.Instead,manywillbedesignedtopromoteconnectionandcreativity.

F)

It'salsolikelythatcompanieswillsharespace.Insteadofmorehigh-riseofficetowers,therewillbemoremulti-usecenterssharedbyseveralfirms."Youwillcallaheadandreserveaspaceandcheck-intime,andakindofconcierge(前臺(tái)接待)willassignyouaspotandmakesurethat,asofsevena.m.thatday,yourphoneringsthere."Withallthismobility,employeesmaylongforasenseofbelonging.Transitionalworkspacesmaybecomemoreindividualized,accordingtoGordon."Alightedpanelmaydisplaypicturesofyourfamily,yourdogoryoursailboat."FuturistLisaAldisert,aseniorconsultantwithaNewYork-basedtrendsanalysisfirm,suggeststhat,throughsophisticatedmicrochipapplications,arovingemployeewillbeablewiththeflickofaswitchtoalterwallcolorsandroomtemperaturetofithermood.

G)

Thebenefitsofthesechanges,forbothworkersandcompanies,arealreadyevidenttomany.Compellingstudieshaveconvincedmanycompaniesthattelecommutingisaplusforthebottomline.Aetna,forexample,findsthatthepeoplewhoprocessitsclaimsproduceabout20percentmorewhentheyworkoutsideoftheoffice.Whatwillsomeothersideeffectsbe?Noonecanguessyetjusthowthelegalrelationshipsbetweenworkersandemployerswillchange.Manyworkersmaymovefromasalarysystemtoanindependentcontractorsystem.Ortheymaysignonwithdifferentclientsonaproject-by-projectbasis.Companiesmightcontinuetoprovidebenefitstomanyworkerstoassuretheirloyalty.Inanycase,companieswillstilltrytofindwaystofosterasenseofidentitywiththeirproductsandservices.Todotheirbest,workerswillstillneedtofeelpartofateam,saysLeslieFaught,presidentofWorkingSolutions,awork/lifebenefitcompanybasedinPortland,Oregon.

H)

Somefuturistsalsonotethattechnologymaychangethehierarchyofmostworkplaces.Infact,workmaybecomemuchmoredemocratic,ascompaniessharemoreinformationtogetthejobdone.Introducingsoftwaretostreamlinecommunicationswithinacompany,forexample,canalsomeanallowingaccesstoinformationthatwasformerlyheldbyoneortwopeople.Thatcanbethreateningtosomemanagersatfirst,butmanychangetheirminds,oncetheyseehowmuchbetterworkingrelationshipscanbe."Oncetheygetonboard,manymanagersrealizetheirownlivesarebettertoo,"saysKathyKingoftheOregonOfficeofEnergywhosejobistopromotetelecommunicatingfromanenvironmentalstandpoint.

I)

AgrowingnumberofAmericanworkershavealreadyhadatasteofthefuture.LeslieFaught"talks"viaE-mailwithcustomersandpartnersscatteredacrossSouthAmerica,CanadaandAsia.Shesaysbeingabletoseethemviavideophoneandworkwiththemviainteractivecomputerwillonlystrengthenpersonalconnectionsshehasalreadyforged.Nonetheless,beingpartofavirtualcommunitywillneverentirelyreplacetheneedforin-personconnectionsrighthereathome.That'swhyworkersofthefuturewillalsoflocktosatelliteworkcentersintheirneighborhoods.Manywillhaveamenities(福利生活區(qū))—providedbycompaniesorentrepreneurs—thatbringpeopletogether,astheyusedtogatheraroundthewater-cooler.It'salreadyeasytoseeprototypesinplaceslikeSeattle,whereKinko'sandTully'sCoffeearenextdoor,andpeoplebounceinandoutwhiletheydobothworkandcommunityprojects.

J)

Attheheartofallthesechanges,saysGilGordon,isthefactthatwehavefinallybeguntoseparatetheideaofworkfromtheplacewherewedoit.Andthatwillmakeblendingworkandfamilyaloteasierformanypeople.LikeJaneHansonandherhusband,manyfamilieswillfindlifelesshecticandmoreintegrated.

答案:B;E;D;G;H;J;F;A;C;G;__________Regardlessofotherworkplacechanges,employeeswillstillneedtofeelpartofateaminordertodotheirbest.

答案:B;E;D;G;H;J;F;A;C;G__________Asameansofcommunication,E-mailandtelephonemaybeconsideredtobeprimitive.

答案:B;E;D;G;H;J;F;A;C__________Inthe21stcentury,therapiddevelopmentofhightechandgrowingtrendtowardstheglobalizationofeconomyhasbeenbringingabouttrulydramaticchangesinthechoiceofworkplaceandeventhetraditionalconceptaboutinternationalboundaries.

答案:B;E;D;G;H;J;F;A__________Futuristspredictthattherewillspringupmanymulti-usecentersharedbyseveralcompanies.

答案:B;E;D;G;H;J;F__________Futuristsbelievethatoncetheexecutivesrealizethepotentialbenefits,theywouldnotonlywelcomebutpromotethosechangesinworkplacesaswell.

答案:B;E;D;G;H__________

Itappearsthatflexibleinworkpatterns,telecommutersaremostlikelytobemoreproductivethantheiroffice-basedcounterparts.

答案:B;E;D;G__________

Intheyearstocome,theofficebuildingsmaynotdisappear;they'llstaytherejustforfocusedworkandserveasasiteforsocializing.

答案:B;E;D__________Officesinthefuturetendtolookdifferentandservedifferentpurposes;theywillmostlikelybedesignedtopromoteconnectionandcreativity.

答案:B;E__________Since1990,thenumberoftelecommuters(peoplewhoworkfromhome,usingequipmentsuchasphones,faxmachines,andmodemstocontacttheircolleaguesandcustomers)hasbeenonthesharpincrease.

答案:BSectionBBankedClozeDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Trustisfundamentaltolife.Ifyoucan'ttrustanything,lifebecomesintolerable.Youcan'thaverelationshipswithouttrust,letalonegoodones.Intheworkplace,too,trustis

1

.Anorganizationwithouttrustwillbefulloffearand

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.

Ifyouworkforabosswhodoesn'ttrusttheiremployeestodothingsright,you’llhavea

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time.They'llbecheckinguponyouallthetime,correcting”mistakes”and

4

remindingyoutodothisorthat.Colleagueswhodon'ttrustoneanotherwillneedtospendmoretime

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theirbacksthandoinganyusefulwork.Organizationsarealwaystryingtocutcosts.Thinkofalltheadditionaltaskscausedbylackoftrust.Audit（審計(jì)）departmentsonlyexistbecauseofit.Companieskeeplargevolumesof

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becausetheydon’ttrusttheirsuppliers,theircontractorsortheircustomers.Probablymorethanhalfofall

administrativeworkisonlytherebecauseofanever-existingsensethat“youcan’ttrustanyonethesedays.”Ifevenasmallpartofsuchvaluelessworkcouldbe

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,thesavingswouldrunintomillionsofdollars.Allthisisextraworkwe

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ontoourselvesbecausewedon'ttrustpeople—thechecking,followingthrough,doingthingsourselvesbecausewedon'tb