22閱讀首字母填空、自由填空型等解題技巧講解首字母填空，即每個空格開頭給了一個字母作為提示，全篇共710個空格。學(xué)生需要在句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整、語法正確。文章中提供的首字母同時起著提示和限定的作用，一定程度上增加了題目的難度，因?yàn)檫x擇少了；但是好處是給了字母提示，選擇的方向清晰了。想要做好這類題，必須掌握以下幾點(diǎn)。01通過上下文找答案首先，我們可以先跳過空格把短文從頭到尾迅速讀一遍來理解文章的大概內(nèi)容，為填寫意思相符的答案做好準(zhǔn)備。切記：只見樹林不見森林這八個字，只有全篇的意思清楚了，你才有可能根據(jù)文章意思判斷細(xì)節(jié)處的答案；此外，有些空格的答案是要根據(jù)后文的線索才能推出來，如果不通讀文章而只讀空格所在的這句話，答案很難得出。所以，通讀全文很關(guān)鍵，你絞盡腦汁想不出的答案，可能就在文中的某個角落默默注視你。02通過精讀句子找答案很多時候，我們把文章通讀一遍之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)有幾個題目還是找不到答案，這些被篩出來的題目所在的句子，就需要我們進(jìn)行精讀。03通過固定搭配找答案固定搭配是閱讀理解填詞的一個重要考點(diǎn)，需要我們迅速地找到空格前后的介詞或副詞，來決定空格處填入的單詞。04復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案按照以上幾種方法順利找到所有答案之后，需要把文章再讀一遍，看看填入空格的是不是最佳選擇，拼寫是否有誤，詞形是否要作必要的變化，短文是否前后連貫一致，情節(jié)發(fā)展是否合理，議論是否合乎邏輯，等等。在做這一步時，大家應(yīng)該從詞法、句法、習(xí)慣用法等方面考慮答案的準(zhǔn)確性，做到含義、形式都正確。除了首字母填空，短文填空還包括：根據(jù)中文寫英文、用括號里所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空、沒有任何提示詞自由填空。這幾種題型可以根據(jù)第21講的解題技巧、語法知識、固定搭配做題。【真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。Asmileshowsthatapersonishappy.Forexample,apersonmaysmilewhenheorsheisp1withsomeprogressinstudies.Orapersonmaysmileifafriendtellsafunnyjoke.Thereareothergoodr2tosmileoften.First,itise3tosmilethantoshowunhappiness.Infact,itonlytakes17muscles(肌肉)tosmile.Ontheotherhand,ittakes43musclestoshowunhappiness.Sogivethemusclesinyourf4arestandsmile!Second,smilesarenice.Peoplemaytrytol5nicebyexercisingorwearingniceclothes.However,peopleoftensayasmileisthebestthingapersoncanwear.Thatisbecauseitiseasytobea6someonewhoissmilingandhappy.Almostnoonewantstostaywithsomeonewhoisalwaysunhappy.Third,smileshavepower(感染力).Bothsmilingandlaughingcaneasilyandquicklys7fromonepersontoanother.Ifonepersonsmiles,peoplearoundhimorherwanttosmile,too.Similarly,whenapersonlaughs,peopletend(往往會)tolaughwithhimorher.Ifapersoniss8,thebestthingtodoistoshareasmileoralaugh.Itistheeasiestwaytocheersomeoneup.F9,smilingandlaughingareverygoodforthebody.Eventhoughyouaresad,trysmiling.You’llfindthatitwillbedifficulttos10sadforverylong!（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號的橫線上，完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）PeterPanwishesWendy,JohnandMichael,especiallyWendy,wouldstayinNeverlandforever,butfinallytheDarlingchildrendecidetoflybackhomeandgrowup.“Quick,Tink,”Peterwhispers.“S1thewindow.ThenwhenWendyesback,shewillthinkhermotherdoesn’tloveheranymore,andshewillreturntoNeverlandwithme.”Mrs.Darlingisplayingthepiano.Peterdidn’tknowthetune,Home,SweetHome,b2heknowsit’ssaying,“eback,Wendy,Wendy,Wendy.”PeterlooksthroughthedoorandseestwobigtearsinMrs.Darling’seyes.“ShelovesWendy,”hethinks.“ButIloveWendy,too.Wec3bothhaveher.”HelooksatMrs.Darlingagain.Thetwotearsarestillsittingonhere4.“Oh,allright,”hesaysatlast,sadly.Thenheopensthewindow.WhenWendy,John,andMichaelarrive,theyfindthewindowo5forthem.Theyallgetintobedtosurprisetheirmother.WhenMrs.Darlinggoesbacktothechildren’sroom,theyareallintheirbeds.Theywaitforhertosaysomething,butshesaysn6.Shethinkssheisdreaming.Shesitsbythefire.Thechildrenaresow7.Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,“Mother!”Sherealizessheisnotd8anymore.Mr.DarlingandNanaein.Theyareallsohappy.Peterw9themfromthewindowbutheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.Manyyearspass.WhenPetervisitsWendyagain,shehasg10upandhasadaughterofherown.Peterisstillaboywhocan’tgrowup.—TakenfromPeterPan（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫出一個完整正確的單詞。ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendarhas24solarterms(節(jié)氣)inayear.AncientChinesepeoplecreatedthissystemtom1thechangeoftimebasedonthesun’sposition.Inancienttimes,thissystemguidedfarmingactivities.Itt2farmerswhattodoaccordingtothechangesintemperature.Today,24solartermsstillplayanimportantroleinChinesepeople’se3life.Theyremindpeopleofthechangesins4andtoeatsuitablefood.Thisancienttimesystemhasgainednewcharmnow.InBeijing2022WinterOlympics,thedirectorusedanewcountdown(倒計時)method,showing24solartermsinsteadofnumbers.Thiscreativemethodwasgreatlyp5bypeoplearoundtheworld.TheyareamazedbythewisdomofChinesepeople.（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，寫出所缺單詞，使短文完整、通順。AlihasworkedandlivedinShandongProvinceforalmostsixyears.Whenhisfriendssuggestedg1toRizhaoforatwodaytrip,thefirstthingsthatcameintohismindwereitsbeautifulbeachesandniceseafood.Rizhaocertainlygoesb2that!Itisalso“hometownofgreentea”innorthernChina.Rizhaol3inthesoutheastofShandongProvinceneartheYellowSea.Ithaspleasantweather,richsoil,andenoughsunlight.Allthesemakeits4forgrowinghighqualitygreentea.Alihadthechancetopicktealeavesforthefirsttimeinhislife.“ThisisthefirsttimeI’velearnedaboutChineseteaculture.It’sanewandexcitingexperienceforme.It’sfantastic!”Alisaidwithasmileonhisf5.（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀短文，根據(jù)上下文和所給的首字母寫出所缺單詞。注意使用正確形式，每空限填一詞。TodayisDuanwuJie,orDragonBoatFestival,oneofthemostimportantfestivalsinChina.Chinesepeopler1thegreatpatrioticpoet(愛國詩人)QuYuanbyrowingdragonboatsandmakingzongzionthisday.Myvillageisfamousforitsgreatprotectionoftraditionalc2andwehavethebestdragonboatraceteamofthecity.Everyyear,villagersraiseourdragonboatsfromundertheriveraboutamonthbeforethefestival.Andthenitisc3cleanedandrepainted.Ourdragonboatisalready40yearsold.Madeofaspecialkindofwood,itisstillstrongenoughtol4foralongtime.Thisyear,myelderbrotherisacceptedintoourdragonboatraceteamasitsyoungestmember.He’sonly18,andI’msop20ofhim.（2023·山東東營·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。MyparentsgotArthur’sFamilyLaundromat(洗衣店)frommygrandfather.Itwasatruefamilybusiness.Myfather,mymotherandmyauntwereresponsiblefordifferentjobs.E1myretired(退休的)grandfatherhelpswiththecleaningnowandthen.MyfathersaidthatthemostimportantmachineintheLaundromatwasn’tthewashingmachine.Itwasthecoffeepotbythedoor.Thecoffeewasfreeandalmosteveryc2wouldhaveacupandchatwithmyfamilywhilewaitingfortheircleanclothes.Inthehoursa3schooloronweekends,itwasmyjobtokeepthecoffeepotfull.Atleasttentimeseachday,Iwouldcleanupthewetcoffeegrounds(咖啡渣),weigh40gofcoffeebeans,fillthepotwithwater,andturnonthecoffeemachine.Itwassuchab4jobthatIcouldhavedoneitinmysleep.Irememberplainingonebusyday.“W5dowehavetogiveawaycoffee?We’reaLaundromat,notacoffeeshop!”Isaidangrily.Myfatherwassurprisedatmyattitude.Atoncehes6whathewasdoingtotalktome.Withapatientbutseriousexpressiononhisf7hespoke:“Son,peoplechooseourlaundromatb8weservethemlikefriends.Weofferthemacupofcoffee.Wechatwiththem,laughwiththemandconnectwiththem.Peopledon’tjustneedap9tocleantheirclothes.Theyneedfriendship.Thatiswhyyourjobisthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat.”Myfather’swordshadtheexpectedeffect.Fromthenon,Idothejobmorec10.Afterall,Ihadthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat.（2023·山東聊城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處按要求填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。每空1個單詞。ZhaoYafuisanoldagricultural（農(nóng)業(yè)的）researcherinJiangsuProvince.Hespendsmostoftheyearworking1（介詞）thefields.Bornin1941,Zhao’schildhooddreamwastobee2（冠詞）newsreporter.Whenhewasatcollege,Zhaosawhowhardliveswereinthecountryside,3（連詞）hedecidedtodosomethingtohelp.Hebegantoteachagriculturalsciencetothefarmersinaprimary4(school)inthevillage.“Thevillagersneededsomeonetohelp5(they)changetheirmindsandlearnnewtechniques（技術(shù)）,”Zhaosaid.Zhaokepton6(encourage)thefarmerstousethenewtechniquesandtoplantnewkindsofrice,whichbroughtinalotofmoney.Astimewentby,morenew7(house)androadswerebuiltinthevillage.AndthevillagerscametounderstandthatZhao8(real)wantedtohelpthem.BesidesworkinginJiangsu,Zhaoandhisteamarealso9(active)inWesternChina.Since2013,theyhavehelpedmanyfarmersinWesternChinabeerich.“Isawhowpoorvillagersusedtobe,andIalsoseehowtheyhave10(change)overtheyears.Iwillcontinuewithmyworkifmyhealthisnottoobad,”saidZhao.（2023·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀短文，根據(jù)首字母或所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使文章語義通順。DoyouknowChina’sTeethCareDay?ItfallsonS120theveryyear.Itbeganin1989.Itsaimistotakegoodcareof2(people)teeth.TherearethirtyeightstudentsinWangBin’sclass,andelevenof3(they)havetoothproblemswhichbringthemalotoftrouble.MaoKangsaid,“Ihadthreebadteeth.Eachtoothc4mefourhundredyuan,andIhadtoseethedentistfivetimes.”LiuJiansaid,“Somethingiswrongwithmyfrontteeth.Idon’tliketoopenmymouth.Myclassmatessaymyteethlooklikeanoldwoman’s.I’msadtohearthat.AndIcan’tspeak5(clear)now.”Doyouhavegoodteeth,myfriend?Ifyouwanttotakecareofyourteeth,pleasefollowthef6suggestionsbelow:◆Brushyourteethat7(little)onceaday.Ifyoucan,brushthemaftereverymeal.◆Brushallyourteeth,anddonotjustbrushthefronto8.◆Brushyourteethslowlyandcarefully.Spendfourminutesormoreeachtime.◆Donotuseyourteetha9toolstoopenbottles.It’sveryeasytohurtyourteethtodosuchjobs.◆Eatinganddrinkingarealsoimportanttoyourteeth.Eatlotsoffruitsandvegetablesanddrinkwater.Trynot10(drink)Cokeorotherdrinks.（2023·湖南岳陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀填空。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文中空格處填上一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。Volunteeringmeansthatsomeoneworkstohelppeoplewithoutbeingpaid.Volunteershelppeoplewhoreallyneedhelp.Therearemanyplaceswhereyoucanseedifferentvolunteers.Atschoolgates,youcanseesomevolunteerswithredvests(馬甲).Canyouguess1theyare?Theyareparentvolunteers.Whenstudentsgo2thestreet,parentvolunteers3upa“SLOW”signtoletdriversslowdown.Inordertobeeprofessionaltrafficvolunteers,parentsaresupposedtolearnhowtogivedirectionstostudentsandstopthemfrom4soccerontheroad.5ofthesevolunteers,studentscangettoschoolandgobackhomesafely.YueyangDailyreportsmanyparentsarelooking6tobeingavolunteer.Theywishtomakeanefforttoprotectstudents’safety.Anothergroupof“redvests”showuponmainroads.Theyhelpcleanerspickupdirtypaper,plasticbags,glassbottlesandsoon.Theyaskthepassersby(路人)nottothrowtherubbisheverywhere.“7youpleasetakeawayyourrubbish?”“Wouldyoumindpickingupyourcigarettebutts(煙頭)?...”8theirworkseemssimple,theystilltakeitseriously.Whereveryougo,youcanseevolunteersinredvests,theyhavebeethemostbeautifulscenesinourcity.Someteenagers9theirfreetimeinhospitalsoroldpeople’shomes.Theycheersickkidsuporlookafteroldpeople.Inthecountryside,somecollegestudentsplayanimportantrole10volunteering.Theycanprovidescienceandtechnologyhelpforfarmers.Somevolunteersworkasteachersinvillageschools.Alotofvolunteersgivetheirkindnesswithahelpingband.Theycanmakeadifferencetopeopleinneedandthesociety.（2023·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。請將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應(yīng)的位置。Afterexercising,thefirstthingthatyouwanttodoistodrinkupaglassofcoldwater.Whenthewatertravelsdownyourthroat,youwill1sogood.However,youareoftentoldnottodoso.Isdrinking2waterreallyunhealthy?Coldwaterissaidtoslowdownaperson’sdigestion(消化).Havingcoldwateroracolddrinkmakesyourbody’stemperaturel3.Coldwatercausesyourbloodvessels(血管)tobeenarrower(更狹窄的).So,thebodyneedstoburnenergytobringyour4backtonormal.Atthesametime,lessenergyisusedfordigestion.Thinkofyourdigestivesystemasaburningpot.Ifsomeonesuddenlypouredcoldwaterintothispotwhatwould5?Doingthiswouldbedangerous.Similarly,whenyoudrinkcoldwaterwhileeating,itis6addingwatertoaburningpot.Ofcourse,itisn’tthatbad,butitisagoodwaytoexplainwhydrinkingcoldwaterduringmealsmaybeabadidea.7youcannotcontrolyoururge(沖動)todoso,drinkingwateratroomtemperatureisabetterchoice.TraditionalChinesemedicinesuggeststryingtoavoiddrinkingcoldwater.AndmodernstudiesinEuropepointoutdrinkingcoldwatercausesheadaches.Scientistsaredoingmoreresearchonthis.Maybeinthefuturet8cangiveusmorehelpfulinformation.（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastMarchIlostmycamerawhileIwasonaschooltrip.Ileftitonthebusonthewaybackto1(we)school.Icalledthebuspanythenextday2(check)iftheycouldfindit,butitwasn’tthere.Myparentsgotreallyangryandtoldmetheycouldn’tbuymeanewone.I3(know)theywereright,soIdecidedIwouldgetonebymyself.Istartedthinkingofwaystomakeandsavemoney.Myparents4(usual)giveme￡8everyweek,sothefirstthingIdidwastokeepthemoney5thesmallboxonthebookcase.IalsoofferedtohelpmyuncleAlan.He’softenawayforwork,buthecan’t6(take)hisdogwithhim.Istartedtolookafterhisdogwhenhewasn’tathome.Aftersometime,myuncle’sneighborssawme.TheyaskedmeifIcouldhelpwiththeircats,dogsandrabbits,too.So,Istartedworkingforthree7(family)livingacrossthestreet.InlessthanthreemonthsIhadenoughmoneytobuyanewcamera.ItwasthesameastheoneIhadlost,buttomeitwasmuch8(nice).Ipaidforitwith9moneyImadeanditfeltverydifferent.ThisexperienceteachesmewhatitmeanstoworkhardandI10(learn)thatyoumustbecarefulwiththethingsyouhave,becausetheytakealotofhardwork.（2023·浙江臺州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給中文提示，在空白處寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。KnifepeelednoodlesareakindoffoodinShanxiProvince,enjoyinggreatfameanda1(歷史)ofhundredsofyears.Thenameshowsthewaythedishisprepared.A2(廚師)holdsdough(面團(tuán))inonehand,andcutsitintopieceswithaspecialknifeintheotherhand.Thentheyaredirectlythrownintoapotofboilingwater.Thewholeprocesslookslikean3(令人興奮的)kungfuperformance.Asonepieceofnoodlefallsintotheboilingwater,the4(第二)isflyingintheair,andthethirdhasjustbeenpeeledoff.Within5(僅僅)aminute,200piecesofnoodlescanbecutout.Thenoodleshaveashapeofa6(葉子),withmediumthicknessandthinedges.Thenoodlesaresmoothand7(柔軟的).Shanxipeoplehaveaspecialfeelingwhenhavingthiskindofnoodles.Ontheirbirthdays,a8(碗)ofnoodlesmeanslonglife;attheSpringFestival,people9(吃)noodlesforasuccessfulnewyear.KnifepeelednoodlesinShanxiarenotmadejusttosatisfya10(饑餓的)stomach,butawaytoexpressChinesepeople’sfeelingsoflife.（2023·四川南充·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式，并將答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的橫線上。HowcanIbeeabetterperson?Thisquestionhasbeeninmyheadforlong.Asstudents,wespendmostofourtime1(study).Iknowthatlearningatschool2(make)usbetterpersons,butIalwaysdreamofdoingmore.Lastyear,Igottoknowagroupofautistic(患自閉癥的)children.Wecalled3(they)“theSnails”.Itwashardtomunicatewiththematfirst,becausetheywouldn’tliketo.After4twoweektraining,Ibecamemoreskilledandgot5(close)tothemdaybyday.Ialsoreceivedmuch6(please)whenplayingwiththem.What’smore,Ifoundthateveryoneof“theSnails”hadhisorherowntalent.Andtheircolorfulpicturesonthewallcaughtmyspecialattention,7itwasdifficulttotellwhattheyweretryingtoexpress.8(deep)movedbytheirpictures,Idecidedtoholdacharity(慈善)sale.Wewalkedonthebusystreet,sellingtheircreativepictures.60pictures9(sell)thatday.Peoplethoughttheirpictureswerefull10imagination.Backtothequestionabouthowtobeeabetterperson,IthinkI’mluckyenoughtogetmyownanswer.（2023·浙江麗水·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，然后根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給漢語意思寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。Weusuallywearsockstokeepourfeetwarm.Butsockscanhaveamessage,too!Whosaysyoursocks1(必須)match?WecelebratedMismatchedSocksDayatschoollastweek.On2(星期一)morning,everyoneworedifferentsocksoneachfootandmetattheschool3(大門).Itwasalotoffun,butwhydidwedoit?TheideaofMismatchedSocksDayisthatit’snot4(壞的、糟的)tobespecialandunique.Kidscanbe5(自豪的)oftheirdifferences.IttakesplaceonthefirstdayofAntiBullyingWeekeachyear.Abullyisapersonwho6(傷害、使疼痛)orscaresotherpeople.Olderandstrongerchildren7(有時)bullytheyounger,weakerchildren,orchildrenwhoaredifferent.Wewanttostopbullyingatourschool.Everyoneneedstofeelhappyand8(安全的).That’swhywecelebrateMismatchedSocksDay.Eachyear,athemeischosentohelpstudentsto9(記住)thatit’sgoodtobedifferentandthatallchildrenareimportant.Astheeventhasgrown,morepeoplejoinandtakethe10(機(jī)會)tohelpfightoffbullying.CelebratingMismatchedSocksDayisnotjustfun.Itmakesadifferenceinthelivesofyoungpeopleallovertheworld!（2023·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)語境或所給單詞的提示，在每個空格內(nèi)填入一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，要求所填的詞意義準(zhǔn)確、形式正確，使短文意思完整、行文連貫。NiejiazhuangVillageinWeifangisfamousforcoloredclaysculpturehandicraft(泥塑手工藝),whichdatesbacktotheMingDynasty.TheWeifanggovernmenthas1(encourage)localpeopletolearntraditionalhandicraftandmakemoremoneytogetridofpoverty(脫貧).NiePeng2(be)ayoungvillagerinNiejiazhuang.Heiscrazyaboutclaysculpturehandicraft.Hebeganlearningitfromhisfatherwhenhewas3child.Hehasledlotsofyoungcraftsmen(手藝人)inandnear4(he)villageto