Attributiveclauses(2)Unit5IntothewildGrammarToreadthepassageandunderstandtheattributiveclausesledbywhere,

when

and

why;Tolearnwhatwhere,when

and

why

refertointhesentence;Toknowthedifferencesbetween

which/that

and

where,when,why;Todescribeanimalsbyusingattributiveclausesledby

where,when

and

why;LearningobjectivesLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestion.a.Eventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhere

itwillspendthewinter.b.Thesolution…comesatatimewhen

itisinserioustrouble.c.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.1.Whatdo“where”,“when”and“why”refertoineachsentences?“Where”refersto“theplaces”insentence(a),“when”refersto“atime”insentence(b)and“why”refersto“themainreason”insentence(c).onesentenced.Eventually,itmanagestoreachthoseplaces.Itwillspendthewinterthere.a.Eventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhereitwillspendthewinter.twosentencesdefiningthenoun“places”useanadverbComparesentencesa,b,cwithd,e,fandanswerthequestions.b.Thesolution…comesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.e.It’sinserioustrouble.Thesolution…comesatthistime.onesentencetwosentencesdefiningthenoun“time”useaphrasetoshowthetimec.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.f.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreason.Forthisreason,thenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.onesentencetwosentencesuseaphrasedefiningthenoun“reason”2.What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Sentences(a),(b)and(c)containaclausedefininganounorpronouninthesentence.Sentences(d),(e)and(f)areconstructedwithapairofsimplesentences,withonedefininganounorpronounintheothersentenceineachpair.Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a),(b),and(c)inthereadingpassage?thinkingBecausethereisacloserlinkandconnectionbetweentheitemandtheclausedefiningitinthesentences(a),(b)and(c).Itwillalsomakethepassageclearer,andcreateanemphaticeffectonthelocation,timeandreasonbeingdefined.2)Inmanyoftheplaceswherethebutterflycanbefound,peoplearedestroyingthenaturalenvironment.Lookformoresentenceswithattributiveclausesinthereadingpassage.1)Thesetwopiecesofinformation–thetimeofdayandthepointwherethesunisinthesky—allowthebutterflytodeterminethewaytogo.先行詞Where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語3)Theycutdowntreesandusechemicalsthatkilltheplantsthatmonarchcaterpillarseat.4)Ifthisworks,theremaycomeatimewhenthenumberofmonarchbutterfliesmayincreasesonceagain.在TheMonarch’sJourney一文中，還有一個(gè)是由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：Theycutdowntreesandusechemicalsthatkilltheplantsthatmonarchcaterpillarseat.From:DavidWatersTo:KaySilvermanSubject:BacktonatureHiKay,We’rehavinganamazingtimehereinSouthAfrica.Ouraccommodationisperfect.Itisinalocation_______wecanwatchanimalswanderingpastontheirwaytothewaterhole.whereCompletetheemailwithwhere,whenorwhy.Sunsetisthetimeofday_______wesitonthebalconyandcounthowmanygiraffesorantelopeswecansee.Iguessthisisthereason_______thisplaceissopopular.Nextweek,wearegoingtoflyuptoZambia.That’soneofthecountries_______youcanvisitthefamousVictoriaFalls.Seeyousoon.Davidwhenwhywherewhen1.Istillrememberthedaywhen

IfirstcametoYuci.2.You’veenteredintoanage

whenknowledgemakesyourich.當(dāng)先行詞是表示____的名詞(如

time,day,year,month,week等),且從句成分完整時(shí)，定語從句用when引導(dǎo).

關(guān)系副詞的選擇時(shí)間1.Istillrememberthetime______wefirstmeteachother.2.Istillremeberthetime__________wespenttogether.whenwhich/that1.Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?2.Peoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwheretheylive.當(dāng)先行詞是表示_____的名詞(如place,room,airport等)，且從句成分完整時(shí)，定語從句用where引導(dǎo).where地點(diǎn)1.Thisistheplace___________wevisitedlasttime.2.Thisistheplace_________heusedtowork.which/thatwhere

關(guān)系副詞的選擇1.Theyhavereachedthepoint______theyhavetobreakupwitheachother.2.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemsevesdifferently.除地點(diǎn)名詞后，where還可用于case,condition,example,situation,stage,point,system,atmosphere,position等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞前。wherewherewhere

關(guān)系副詞的選擇1.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateyesterday?2.Thisisthereasonwhyhegaveuptryingintheend.當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞_______，且從句成分完整時(shí)，定語從句用why引導(dǎo)，且只能引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。whyreason1.Iwon’tbelievethereason___________youhavegivenme.2.Thisisthereason_______shecied.that/whichwhy

關(guān)系副詞的選擇1.Doyouknowtheteenager________youaretalkingabout?2.Thisisthehouse_________Ilivedinforthreeyears.2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞who/thatwhich/that1.Doyouknowtheteenagerabout______youaretalking?2.Thisisthehousein_______Ilivedforthreeyears.whomwhich思考：在表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語時(shí)，“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”是否可以替換為關(guān)系副詞“when,where,why”?思考：介詞是否可以提前至關(guān)系詞之前？1.Istillremembertheday__________Ilostmymoney.2.Wevisitedtheyard__________afamouspoetoncelived.3.Patienceisakindofquality,____________youcan’tworkwell.代入法：1.確定先行詞及從句；2.從句

？

先行詞

（搭配問題）Ilostmymoney______theday根據(jù)先行詞的搭配“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的確定ononwhichAfamouspoetoncelived___theyard根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞的搭配ininwhichYoucan’tworkwell_______patience.根據(jù)意義確定介詞withoutwithoutwhich2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞定語從句之關(guān)系副詞when,where,whyThisistheplace_____________wevisitedlasttime.Thisistheplace_____________wevisitedtheequipment設(shè)備lasttime.Istillrememberthetime__________wespendtogether.Istillrememberthetime__________wefirstmeteachother.Thisisthereason__________shegaveme.Thisisthereason__________shecried.()定語從句不完整，先行詞在定語從句中做賓語，指物that/which()定語從句完整，也不缺定語，缺狀語，指地點(diǎn)where()定語從句不完整，先行詞在定語從句中做賓語，指物that/which()定語從句完整，也不缺定語，缺狀語，指時(shí)間when(()定語從句不完整，先行詞在定語從句中做賓語，指物that/which)定語從句完整，也不缺定語，缺狀語，指原因why先行詞關(guān)系副詞表時(shí)間的名詞when表地點(diǎn)/抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞where表原因的名詞(reasons)why做題方法——如何選擇關(guān)系詞：1.定位先行詞及緊隨其后的定從；2.判斷定從是否缺成分缺成分—關(guān)系代詞

（先行詞：人/物？）不缺成分—關(guān)系副詞

（先行詞：時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因?）Summary做題步驟畫出定語從句，看定語從句缺不缺主/賓/表缺關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom/as不缺whose關(guān)系副詞when,where,why缺定語缺狀語1.Hegavemeareason

wasreasonable.2.Doyouknowthereason

heisabsent?3.Thereareseveralreasons

schooluniformsareagoodidea.4.Pisaisacity

hasaleaningtower.5.NewYork,

Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.6.Theschool

wevisitedyesterdayisnewlybuilt.7.Isthereashopnearhere

Icanbuysomeflowers.8.Idon’tknowthereason

sheissocrazyaboutLuHan.that/whichwhywhythat/whichwhichthat/whichwherewhyPractice用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空9.ShewillflytoWashington

shecanenjoyherself.10.AprilFool’sDayisaday

peopleplayjokesonfriends.11.Thisisthehouse

wasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago.12.Wedon’tknowthereason

hewasabsentfromthemeeting.wherewhen

that/whichwhy13.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,

theweathermaybebetter.14.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation

theycanseethemselvesdifferently.