臨床上以鼻塞流涕噴嚏等癥狀為主要特征小兒鼻炎知多少themainclinicalfeaturesarenasalcongestionrunnynose,sneezingandothersymptomsthemain宣講人：X.X時間：20XX.XXsahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas定義是由多種因素所致的、發(fā)生于鼻腔粘膜的一組炎性病變，臨床上以鼻塞、流涕、噴嚏等癥狀為主要特征。鼻炎的分類急性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎、變應(yīng)性鼻炎、非變應(yīng)性鼻炎、萎縮性鼻炎、藥物性鼻炎等。臨床上以鼻塞、流涕、噴嚏等癥狀為主要特征。sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas定義：是由病毒感染引起的鼻黏膜的急性炎性疾病，又稱為“感冒”、“傷風(fēng)”。癥狀包括鼻塞、流涕、發(fā)熱等，病程通常在7-10天。典型癥狀自覺咽干、四肢倦怠、頭脹痛、發(fā)熱及全身不適。鼻內(nèi)干燥、燒灼和發(fā)癢感，打噴嚏，流大量清涕，鼻塞，味覺減退。體征鼻黏膜彌漫性充血腫脹，有大量水樣及其他樣分泌物（后期可為膿性）。診斷發(fā)病前可能有接觸急性鼻炎史、受涼、過度疲勞病史，結(jié)合典型癥狀急體征，可診斷。治療主要以支持治療及對癥治療為主，如退熱、抗病毒藥物、合并細(xì)菌感染或可以并發(fā)癥時使用抗菌藥物、抗組胺藥等。sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas陣發(fā)性噴嚏、清水樣涕、鼻癢和鼻塞等癥狀出現(xiàn)2項以上(含2項)，每天癥狀持續(xù)或累計約1h以上?？砂橛醒鄄堪Y狀，包括眼癢、流淚、眼紅和燒灼感等，多見于花粉過敏患兒，癥狀與花粉飄散季節(jié)相關(guān)。如果致病因素以室內(nèi)變應(yīng)原（塵螨、蟑螂、動物皮屑等）為主多為常年發(fā)作。約40%患兒可合并支氣管哮喘在有鼻部癥狀同時，還伴有喘息、咳嗽、氣急胸悶等肺部癥狀。組織調(diào)整調(diào)動資源管理變革sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas雙側(cè)鼻黏膜蒼白、腫脹，下鼻甲水腫，鼻腔有多量水樣分泌物。眼部體征主要為結(jié)膜充血、水腫。伴有哮喘、濕疹或特應(yīng)性皮炎患兒有相應(yīng)的肺部、皮膚體征。變應(yīng)性敬禮(allergicsalute)動作指患兒為減輕鼻癢和使鼻腔通暢而用手掌或手指向上揉鼻的動作。下眼瞼腫脹導(dǎo)致靜脈回流障礙而出現(xiàn)的下瞼暗影；患兒經(jīng)常向上揉搓鼻尖而在鼻部皮膚表面出現(xiàn)橫行皺紋。sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas皮膚點(diǎn)刺試驗(skinpricktest，SPT)皮膚點(diǎn)刺觀察結(jié)果判定結(jié)果皮膚點(diǎn)刺試驗(skinpricktest，SPT)在停用抗組胺藥物至少7d后進(jìn)行。使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化變應(yīng)原試劑，在前臂掌側(cè)皮膚點(diǎn)刺，20min后觀察結(jié)果。每次試驗均應(yīng)進(jìn)行陽性和陰性對照，陽性對照采用組胺，陰性對照采用變應(yīng)原溶媒。按相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化變應(yīng)原試劑說明書判定結(jié)果。sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas改善情況調(diào)整劑量不良反應(yīng)推薦劑量變應(yīng)性鼻炎是支氣管哮喘的發(fā)病危險因素。變應(yīng)性鼻炎的治療可以改善支氣管哮喘的癥狀sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas是指避免接觸變應(yīng)原和各種刺激物，是防治策略中的一個重要組成部分，但通常很難達(dá)到。在環(huán)境評估后應(yīng)采取多方面措施避免接觸塵螨和寵物。對花粉過敏的患兒，在空氣中花粉濃度較高的季節(jié)進(jìn)行戶外活動時，最好避開致敏花粉播散的高峰期避免防治過敏sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas苯海拉明、撲爾敏、異丙嗪，地氯雷他定、西替利嗪、氮卓斯汀，非索非那定、左旋西替利嗪，推薦口服或鼻用第二代或新型H1抗組胺藥，是輕度變應(yīng)性鼻炎的首選治療藥物?？诜﨟1抗組胺藥對緩解眼部癥狀也有效。苯海拉明sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas孟魯司特鈉，特別適用于伴有下呼吸道癥狀的患兒(如同時合并氣道高反應(yīng)性、支氣管哮喘等)常與鼻噴或吸入糖皮質(zhì)激素聯(lián)合使用。肥大細(xì)胞穩(wěn)定劑常用色甘酸鈉、曲尼斯特，對緩解鼻部癥狀有一定效果合并激素癥狀sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas做好與患兒及家長的溝通，讓家長了解該病的慢性和反復(fù)發(fā)作的特點(diǎn)，以及對生活質(zhì)量、學(xué)習(xí)能力和下呼吸道的影響(尤其是可誘發(fā)支氣管哮喘)，以提高治療的依從性。根據(jù)癥狀、檢查結(jié)果及治療方應(yīng)等實施個體化的宣教方案，例如針對塵螨過敏患兒，應(yīng)保持室內(nèi)清潔，空氣流通對于花粉過敏的患兒在花粉播散前2周左右，可采用抗組胺藥、肥大細(xì)胞膜穩(wěn)定劑、鼻用糖皮質(zhì)激素進(jìn)行預(yù)防性治療sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas目前比較公認(rèn)的分類方法是按病程將兒童鼻竇炎分為兩種，包括：急性鼻竇炎：癥狀持續(xù)10天以上，12周內(nèi)完全緩解；慢性鼻竇炎：癥狀持續(xù)存在12周以上，癥狀不能完全緩解甚至加重。分類方法慢性鼻竇炎完全緩解sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas鼻腔疾病扁桃體炎根尖感染鼻腔疾?。罕茄?，鼻中隔偏曲、中鼻甲肥大、變應(yīng)性鼻炎鼻息肉、腫瘤、鼻腔異物。鄰近器官的感染病灶：扁桃體炎，上牙列第2前磨牙和第1、2磨牙的根尖感染，拔牙損傷上頜竇，齲齒殘根墜入上頜竇sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas急性鼻-鼻竇炎：①青霉素類首選阿莫西林克拉維酸鉀；頭孢菌素類首選第二代頭孢菌素；③大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類藥物。不推薦多種抗菌藥物聯(lián)合使用。用藥療程：建議臨床癥狀控制后繼續(xù)治療1周。慢性鼻-鼻竇炎：除非分泌物呈膿性，一般不使用抗菌藥物治療。由于耐藥菌多，用藥時間至少2周。急性鼻-鼻竇炎sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas癥狀控制急性鼻-鼻竇炎：使用時間2~4周，癥狀控制后繼續(xù)用藥2周。慢性鼻-鼻竇炎：使用時間2~4周抗組胺藥癥狀控制后繼續(xù)用藥2周。不推薦使用全身糖皮質(zhì)激素治療。鼻腔沖洗,抗組胺藥,粘液溶解促排劑扁桃體肥大可短時間使用，＜7天,中藥。原則上兒童不采用手術(shù)治療。影響鼻腔通氣和引流的腺樣體肥大和（或）扁桃體肥大。sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas原則上兒童不采用手術(shù)治療。除非具有下列情況之一者：影響鼻腔通氣和引流的腺樣體肥大和（或）扁桃體肥大。鼻息肉和（或）上頜竇后鼻孔息肉對竇口引流造成阻塞。出現(xiàn)顱內(nèi)、眶內(nèi)或眶周并發(fā)癥。腺樣體肥大后鼻孔息肉眶周并發(fā)癥sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas全身癥狀導(dǎo)致孩子生長緩慢：睡眠質(zhì)量一旦下降，勢必使釋放的生長激素減少，影響兒童的骨骼發(fā)育。智力發(fā)育落后：德國漢諾威醫(yī)學(xué)院的科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童打鼾會直接影響到他們在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)他們挑選了1144名年齡8~10歲的在校兒童，發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常打鼾的兒童在算術(shù)、拼寫和自然等科目上得低分的人數(shù)要比從不打鼾的兒童多3~4倍全身癥狀骨骼發(fā)育sahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknassahdasquwydiqugcbb989asd1nkjcha5dabc8ashduq2a1442snadkjnsad457897sndachkjancjkahdnad89127nkh324678kjknas18保守治療抗組胺藥物分泌性中耳炎保守治療，治療并發(fā)癥，鼻用激素+抗組胺藥物+抗生素，霧化吸入，手術(shù)治療，手