FRUITSANDNUTSPICIKINGDEVICEABSTRACTApparatusforharvestingfruitsfromtreescomprisingfirstconduitmeans,couplingmeansadjacentafirstendthereofandadaptedforattachmenttoasourceofvacuum.Throatmeansincludinginnerandoutersleevemembersareprovided,theinnersleevememberhavingafruitreceivingopeningatoneendthereof,agenerallyflexiblefruitreceivingportionarrangedinwardlyofsaidfruitreceivingopeningandhavinganinwardlyconvergingconicalportion.Theinwardlyconvergingconicalportionisarrangedtohaveaminimumdiameterwhichisnotsubstantiallygreaterthanthediameterofthefruitbeingharvested.Agenerallyrigidcylinderdependsfromtheinwardlyconvergingconicalportionandiscoupledtotheinwardlyconvergingconicalportionatoneendthereof.Aspiratingopeningsareformedalongtherigidcylinderadjacenttheinwardlyconvergingconicalportion,andasecondgenerallyflexiblesleeveorconicalmemberiscoupledtotherigidcylinderattheendoppositefromthefruitreceivingopening.Thissecondflexiblememberisarrangedtoformagenerallyflexibleclosureinresponsetovacuumbeingappliedthroughsaidaspiratingopenings.Theoutersleeveissealinglysecuredtotheinnersleeveaboutaxiallyspacedpointsdisposedonoppositesidesofsaidaspiratingopenings,andmeansdefiningaportarearrangedonthewalloftheoutersleevewithmeansforcouplingsaidporttosaidfirstconduitmeans.BACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTIONThepresentinventionrelatesgenerallytoanimprovedapparatusforharvestingfruitsandnutsfromtrees,whereinvacuummeansarecoupledtoaflexiblethroatmeansforremovingordetachingthefruitfromthetree,andthereafterdepositingthefruitinacollectingstation.Theapparatusofthepresentinventionutilizesasourceofvacuumaspowerfortheunit,withtheapparatushandlingthepickedfruitextremelygently.Intheharvestingoffruit,includingbothfruitsandnuts,itisfrequentlydesirabletoutilizemechanicaltechniqueswhichwilleliminatetheneedforhandpickingofeachindividualitemfromthetree.Forcertainfruits,handpickingisnormallyrequiredinordertoavoidblemishesfrombeingformedonthefruit.Suchhandpickingis,ofcourse,costlyandextremelyslow,andaccordinglycontributestothehighcostofsuchasisillustratedinFIG.2.Formostpurposes,member28maybefabricatedfromaflexiblefilmsubstancesuchasflexiblepolyethylene,stress-orientedpolyethyleneterephthalate,orthelike.WithcontinuedattentionbeingdirectedtoFIG.1,itwillbeseenthatsleeve15issealinglysecuredtosleeve16ataxiallyspacedpointsdisposedonoppositesidesoftheaspiratingopenings24-24.Thesesealareasareshownasat30and31.Also,meansdefiningaportarearrangedonthewallofthesleeve15asat32,theseportmeansbeingarrangedtocoupleconduit12totheharvestinghead11.AttentionisnowdirectedtoFIG.2ofthedrawingwhereinanitemoffruitisshownat35,withthefruitjustenteringtheconstrictionformedintheinwardlyconvergingconicalopening20,thecircumferenceorsurfaceofthefruittouchingtheconstrictedarea21,asillustrated.Thevacuummeans26,drawingoraspiratinguponthestructure,tendstoclosetheopeningasat28,whiledrawingthefruit35inwardlythroughthesystem.Uponpassingthroughtheopening21,thefruitwilldropthroughtheharvestingheadinthefashionshowninFIG.3.Itcanbeappreciated,therefore,thatopening28isadaptedtointermittentlyopen-and-closeinresponsetothevacuumdrawingonthestructure,andinresponsetotheblockageofthethroatmeansattheconstrictedarea21.Thisblockingoccurswheneveranarticleoffruitispresentinthethroatarea.Inordertocushionthefalloftheindividualarticlesoffruitfromtheharvestingheadintothecollectingstation,thefruitguidingsleeve13isarrangedtocontrolthefalloftheindividualarticlesandgentlydeposittheminthecollectingboxorstationsuchasthebox14.Inthisfashion,fragilefruitsmaybecollectedwithoutriskingdamagetotheskin,flesh,ormeat.WithattentionbeingdirectedtoFIG.4,itcanbeappreciatedhowtheharvestinghead11maybesecuredbyaclosureringorthelike40tothewand41.Inthisfashion,itispossibleforanindividualtoharvestfruitornutsfromatreewithoutnecessarilyhavingtoclimbaladdertoascendtoapointwheretheindividualarticlesoffruitcanbeharvestedbyhand.Whilethepresentspecificationhasdiscussedthegatheringoffruit,itwillbeappreciatedthattheterm"fruit"isbeingutilizedinagenericsense,andisintendedtoincludesuchfruitsasapples,citrusfruitssuchasoranges,lemonsandlimes,aswellaspeachesandpears.Bysuitableselectionofthroatdiameters,nutscanbeharvestedutilizingtheidenticalprinciple.Anyconventionalmaterialsofconstructionmaybeemployedforthedevice,withmoldedplasticmaterialsbeingpreferred.Theinwardlyconvergingconicalportion20maybefabricatedfrommoldedplasticsuchasnylon,Teflon,vinyl,orthelike,whilecylindermember16maybefabricatedfromsimilarmaterials.Outersleeve15,whichispreferablyrigid,canalsobefabricatedfromanydesiredmaterialofconstruction.Iclaim:1.Apparatusforharvestingfruitsfromtreescomprising:a.firstconduitmeans,couplingmeansadjacentafirstendthereofandarrangedforattachmenttoasourceofvacuum;b.harvestingheadmeanswiththroatmeansincludinginnerandoutersleevemembers,saidinnersleevememberhavingafruitreceivingopeningatoneendthereof,agenerallyflexiblefruitreceivingportiondisposedinwardlyfromsaidopeningandhavinganinwardlyconvergingconicalportion,saidinwardlyconvergingconicalportionhavingaminimumdiameterwhichisnotsubstantiallygreaterthanthenormaldiameterofthefruitbeingharvested,andagenerallyrigidcylinderdependingfromsaidinwardlyconvergingconicalportionandbeingcoupledtosaidinwardlyconvergingconicalportionatoneendthereof,meansdefiningaspiratingopeningsdisposedalongsaidrigidcylinderadjacentsaidinwardlyconvergingconicalportion;c.asecondgenerallyflexibleconicalmembercoupledtosaidrigidcylinderattheendoppositetosaidinwardlyconvergingconicalportionandadaptedtoformagenerallyflexibleclosure;d.saidoutersleevebeingsealinglysecuredtosaidinnersleeveataxiallyspacedpointsdisposedonoppositesidesofsaidopenings;ande.meansdefiningaportarrangedonthewallofsaidoutersleeveandhavingmeansforcouplingsaidoutersleevemembertosaidfirstconduitmeans.2.Thefruitharvestingapparatusasdefinedinclaim1beingparticularlycharacterizedinthatafruitguidingsleeveissecuredtosaidrigidcylinderanddependstherefromsoastoenclosesaidsecondconicalmembertherewithin.3.Thefruitharvestingapparatusasdefinedinclaim1beingparticularlycharacterizedinthatvacuummeansarecoupledtosaidfirstconduitmeansandarearrangedtodrawavacuumthroughsaidaspiratingopenings.4.Thefruitharvestingapparatusasdefinedinclaim3beingparticularlycharacterizedinthatsaidsecondgenerallyflexibleconicalmemberisadaptedtocloseuponitselfinresponsetothevacuumdrawnbysaidvacuummeansthroughsaidaspiratingopenings.5.Thefruitharvestingapparatusasdefinedinclaim1beingparticularlycharacterizedinthatsaidinwardlyconvergingconicalmemberisresilientlydeformable.水果和堅(jiān)果采摘裝置摘要水果采摘裝置，包括一個(gè)水管、臨近終點(diǎn)的耦合方式以及適合附件的的真空裝置。窄路部分包括內(nèi)部和外部所提供的套管，內(nèi)部套管在末端有一個(gè)開(kāi)放式水果接收器，水果接收器的內(nèi)部有一個(gè)靈活的開(kāi)放式的錐形接受部分。向內(nèi)收斂的錐形部分的最小直徑大于正在收獲的果實(shí)的直徑。一半剛性圓柱取決于從內(nèi)心融合的圓錐部分和耦合錐形一端或其部分向內(nèi)收斂。吸入開(kāi)口是沿著剛性圓柱部分里面接近圓錐形部分，錐形部分一般靈活耦合剛性圓柱底部形成開(kāi)放式水果接收。第二個(gè)靈活裝置形成一個(gè)真空封閉吸入式開(kāi)口。外套筒內(nèi)套筒固定軸向間距對(duì)點(diǎn)兩側(cè)的吸入式開(kāi)口處理來(lái)說(shuō)意味著定義一個(gè)端口被安排在外面的外壁耦合的管道。研發(fā)背景本發(fā)明通常涉及到一種收集水果和堅(jiān)果的改進(jìn)裝置，其中真空部分、耦合了一個(gè)靈活的窄路也就是說(shuō)從樹(shù)上摘除果子，然后存放到收集裝置中。本儀器的發(fā)明利用真空作為動(dòng)力的來(lái)源，利用該裝置采摘水果非常輕松。采摘水果，包括水果及堅(jiān)果，經(jīng)常需要利用機(jī)械技術(shù)，這將代替?zhèn)€人用手從樹(shù)上采摘的需要。對(duì)于某些水果，手采通常是為了讓避免采到有瑕疵的水果。當(dāng)然，這樣的手采方式花費(fèi)高，速度慢，而且這些高成本都會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給水果消費(fèi)者。在過(guò)去，各種不同的水果采摘方法已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用，然而這些裝置通常使用復(fù)雜的機(jī)電設(shè)備包括硅光電池傳感器和像定位水果位置的機(jī)械手臂來(lái)采摘水果。這些裝置在提高采摘效率的同時(shí)不可避免的增加了傷害新鮮水果的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然而，根據(jù)本發(fā)明可以將采摘傷害果實(shí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最低以及沒(méi)有必要離開(kāi)地面一個(gè)工人就能完成采摘。該設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，重量輕，可以從地面通過(guò)一個(gè)合適的延伸棒或者類(lèi)似的東西處理。本發(fā)明概要因此，本發(fā)明提供了一種改進(jìn)的水果收集采摘裝置，這種設(shè)計(jì)的裝置可以將水果或堅(jiān)果輕輕的從樹(shù)上采摘下來(lái)。它是一個(gè)進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)了的采摘水果和堅(jiān)果的裝置，此設(shè)備的操作及供電都由一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的真空源提供。它也對(duì)現(xiàn)有采摘水果裝置進(jìn)行了一種改進(jìn)，利用了沒(méi)有機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的結(jié)構(gòu)。其它的裝置以及本發(fā)明將進(jìn)一步顯現(xiàn)在對(duì)藝術(shù)的研究及下列規(guī)格、附加要求及相應(yīng)的圖紙上。繪圖簡(jiǎn)介圖1是一個(gè)整體視圖，說(shuō)明了部分原理及水果堅(jiān)果收集裝置，并說(shuō)明儀器有一條長(zhǎng)方形水果傳輸管道提供采摘的收集裝置。圖2是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)圖，顯示了部分截圖，說(shuō)明了從樹(shù)上采摘水果的裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)。圖3類(lèi)似于圖2，說(shuō)明了采摘單個(gè)果實(shí)通過(guò)采摘器頭部結(jié)構(gòu)的過(guò)程。圖4是一個(gè)頭部試圖，說(shuō)明了采摘器頭部延伸棒的可釋放連接方式。優(yōu)選的具體化描述正在看的視圖1所指定的采摘裝置通常設(shè)計(jì)成10所示樣式，這包括設(shè)計(jì)成11的采摘頭組件，采摘頭被加上一個(gè)導(dǎo)管12,以及水果的導(dǎo)向窄路13。收集裝置的形式是一個(gè)盒子就像14所示的樣子。在這里我們要特別之處采摘頭11，該結(jié)構(gòu)包括一個(gè)窄路，又一對(duì)同軸擺放的套筒所組成，包括外部管道15以及內(nèi)部套筒16。內(nèi)部組裝的套筒16包括像18那樣顯示的窄路，這個(gè)窄路在19處有一個(gè)開(kāi)放式水果接收器，而且在20處聚合了一個(gè)錐形部分。內(nèi)部聚合錐形部分20有一個(gè)最小直徑或收縮面積在21處，這個(gè)直徑與收獲的水果的直徑大致相等。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這種收縮部件由柔性材質(zhì)構(gòu)成，使真空時(shí)它的收縮直徑是可調(diào)的，這個(gè)直徑相對(duì)于剛收獲的水果的直徑來(lái)說(shuō)不會(huì)更大。一般的剛性圓柱件23安排在依靠關(guān)系內(nèi)部錐形部件20處，圓柱件23有多個(gè)吸入式開(kāi)口24分布在其周邊。這些開(kāi)口能夠適應(yīng)允許流動(dòng)空氣通過(guò)，這流動(dòng)是由真空操作所產(chǎn)生就像26所顯示的那樣。從中我們可以看到采摘頭，另一個(gè)柔性部分，最好是一個(gè)錐形部分，就像28所示，這個(gè)部分被連接到剛性圓柱底部對(duì)立的圓錐部分里面。28部分會(huì)安排在自行關(guān)閉后，如果需要的話就像圖2所示那樣。對(duì)于大多數(shù)用途，部件28可制作柔軟的聚乙烯，壓力為導(dǎo)向的聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，或如柔性薄膜物質(zhì)。繼續(xù)關(guān)注圖1，我們將看到套筒15抵押處置吸氣開(kāi)口24兩側(cè)軸向間隔的套筒16.這些密封區(qū)域出現(xiàn)在30和31。同時(shí)，意味著定義一個(gè)套筒壁15被安排在32上的部件，這些部分在采摘頭11處被安排了一對(duì)套管12?，F(xiàn)在我們把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向顯示水果35的圖2，這幅圖顯示一個(gè)水果剛剛進(jìn)入20這個(gè)開(kāi)