Unit2——Unit4asa hereand inthebeginningindangercut changesth.into

Topicprevent greenhouse refer dealwithtakeupcut Asweknow,noneofuslikespollution.none與noone的短語one只指人，后不能跟of的短語;作主語時，謂語動詞只用作單數(shù)。如：Hehasreadnoneofthesebooks.（指物）Noneofmyfriendslike/likesdrawing.（指人）我的朋友們沒有一個喜歡畫畫。Nooneishere.沒有一個在這兒。nonehowmany/muchnoonewhoA:Howmanystudentscometoschoolbytaxi?B:A:Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?B:瓶子里有多少水？一點(diǎn)兒也沒有。A:Whoisintheroom? B:Noone.2、Treescanalsostopthewindblowingtheearthaway.樹木也能防風(fēng)固土。stop/preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.阻止/防止某人或某物做某事keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth. 阻止/防止某人或某物做某事3、Youmayeithertakeabusorataxi.either…or…“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”并列連詞,連接對等結(jié)構(gòu);連接主語時,根據(jù)就近Youmaycomeeithertodayortomorrow.Wecaneithersingordance.Eitheryouorheisright.eitherA：Ｗo(hù)uldyoulikecoffeeor B:EitherisEitherofusisright.指人：someone/ anyone/ noone/ 指物 （二）指地點(diǎn) （三）some Thereissomethinginthewoods.2、anyIdidn’tseeanyoneintheroom.Thereisn’tanythinginthewoods.3、noIsawnobodyintheroom.Thereisnothinginthewoods.Itseemsheknowseverything※some-復(fù)合代詞/副詞用于疑問句中時，表希望得到對方的肯定回答或表請求；如：Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你要點(diǎn)喝的東西嗎？※anyIfpeoplespitanywhereinpublic,theyshouldbeEverythinggoeswell.※no=notany→nobody=notanybody;nothing=notShedidn’tsayanything.=Shesaidnothing.她什么也沒說。notonly…but besupposedtooughttoturn

Topic

instead on makesurepushforwardpush pull 11、encouragesbtodosth

12、afterall畢?? aboveall最重要的Weshouldusebothsidesofpaper,andreuseplasticbagsratherthanthrowthemaway.both修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞；而either修飾單數(shù)名詞；Therearealotoftreesonbothsidesofthe=Therearealotoftreesoneithersideofthe ratherthan表“（是）……而不是”;連詞,連接對等結(jié)構(gòu),相當(dāng)于instead如 Ilikecoffeeratherthantea.=IlikecoffeeinsteadofHelikeslisteningtomusicratherthan/insteadofHewantstogotodayratherthan/insteadofIdidmyhomeworkratherthanwatched=Ididmyhomeworkinsteadofwatching但ratherthan位于句首時,后跟動詞原形,它不受句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)影響。Ratherthandoitbymyself,Ididn’taskforEveryoneissupposedtodoit.besupposedtodosth.指（按規(guī)定、習(xí)慣、安排等）should;Teachersaresupposedto/shouldknowalot.Youarenotsupposedtosmokehere.First,yououghttoturnoffthelightswhenyouleaveaoughttoshould的語氣。should指主觀上感到有責(zé)任或義務(wù)去做。如：Yououghttohelpyourmotherdosomehousework.Weshouldstudyhard.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。Yououghtn’ttogetupsolateinthemorning.OughtItotellherthebadnews?Yes,you No,you常用的并列連詞有：and,or,but,while,notonly…bute.g.1.TheriverisdirtyandthetemperatureoftheearthisTheyworkwell,buttheyareslowandcan’trunforbeable

Unit 9.haveno/sometrouble(in)doingsth.can’twaittodosth.havea(good)chancetodosth.有(好)機(jī)practicedoingsth. bemadein…onbusinessbesimilarto…和……相似

onceinawhile=sometimes/attimeswhatever=nomatterwhataswellasmothertonguetaketheleadingpositionencouragesb.todosth.callforDisneylandisenjoyedbymillionsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.IhopeIcangothereoneday.Englishiswidelyspokenaroundtheworld.ItisalsospokenasasecondlanguageinmanyItispossiblethatyouwillhavesometrouble.It’susedasthefirstlanguagebymostpeopleinAmerica,Canada,Australia,GreatBritainandNewZealand.Andtwothirdsoftheworld’sscientistsread如：Wecleantheclassroom.我們打掃教室。主語是動作的承受者，叫被動語態(tài)。如：Theclassroomiscleaned(byus).教室被（我們）打掃。助動詞by如：Theglassisbrokenbythatboy.bebe如：Englishiswidelyspokenaroundtheworld.（肯定式）Englishisnotwidelyspokenaroundtheworld.（否定式）IsEnglishwidelyspokenaroundtheworld?（疑問式）Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.Thiscoatismadeofcotton.這件大衣是棉制的。（2）要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時，用被動語態(tài)。如：Herbikeisstolen.她的自行車被偷了。動詞謂語動詞+賓語（+其它動詞謂語動詞+賓語（+其它被動語態(tài)：主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+賓語（+其它Peoplegrowriceinthe Riceisgrown(bypeople)intheShetakescareofthe Thebabyistakencareof(by一 重點(diǎn)詞seesb.Offdependonbedifferentfromsucceedinmakeyourselfunderstoodonone’swayto for…前往某地/leave…for…intwentyminutes

writtenEnglish/oralEnglishgenerallyspeakingasforsb./sth.becloseto…inpersonbefoundof…beforcedtodosth.被迫做……/forcesb.todoevenworse二 語法學(xué)如：come,go,arrive,leave,fly,start,begin,return,open,例：I’mgoing.我要走了。 Whenareyoustarting?你什么時候動身？Don’tworry.Thetrainisarrivingheresoon.別著急，火車馬上就到了。如：Myuncleismeetingustomorrow.我叔叔明天會見我們。Sheisbuyinganewbikesoon.她不久將買一輛新自行車。一 重點(diǎn)詞inpublic在公共場 2.attimes=sometimes有feellikedoing=wouldliketodo.giveupsth./doingsth.放 5..turntosb.forhelp求助于某.givesb.someadviceon/about….beweakin/begoodat.beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某 9.makemistakes犯錯10.takeadeepbreath深呼 11.thebesttimetodo做某事最好的時dosomelisteningpracticereplyto=answeradvisesb.todo建議某人做某事（名詞advice） Idon’tknowwhattodoAttimesIfeellikegivingupIdarenotanswerquestionsinclass,becauseI’mafraidofmakingmistakes.我不敢在課堂上8.IinsistthatyoupracticeEnglishevery wh-+to whwhen,where,which,who(m)how+todo+todo如：Idon’tknowwhattodo.=Idon’tknowwhatIshouldShecan’tdecidewhichtobuy.=shecan’tdecidewhichshewill如：Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknowwhatto如果不一致就不能轉(zhuǎn)換。IwanttoknowwhatMarywilldo.(不能說:IwanttoknowwhattoUnit Topicbeusedfor+ving come It’ssaid during/inone’s

beknownas know/sayforcertain allthe nolonger=not…any (nomore,not…anyaslong asfar

makeagreatcontribution therestofthetime atany BecauseI’mnotallowedtoplaycomputer allowallow 如：Wecan’tallowsuchathing.allowsb.todo 允許某人做某 如 Sheallowedmetogoallow+doing 允許做某 如：Wedon’tallowsmokinginthereading- ThestudentsareallowedtoplaygamesontheplaygroundafterIt’smadefrom bemade bemade bemade bemade 由（被）……（人）bemade （某物）bemadeup 由……組 如TheTVsetismadeinJapan. Thesehousesaremadeofstones. Paperismadefromwood. Wasthiscakemadebyyour Metalcanbemadeintoallkindsof Themedicalteamismadeupoften 10It’susedforhelpingustoimproveour beused beusedto （被）用來做 強(qiáng)調(diào)用途或作beused （被）beused 被……使用，by后跟人/物，強(qiáng)調(diào)使用者。如Pensareusedfor Woodisusedtomake Englishisusedasaforeignlanguagein RecordersareoftenusedbyEnglish Peoplearesurprisedattherapiddevelopmentofrobots.人們?yōu)闄C(jī)器人的飛速發(fā)展感到驚訝。句子中besurprisedat…是一個系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“對……感到驚訝”。而besurprisedby…是一個被動語態(tài)形式，表示“被……所驚訝”。如：Iamsurprisedatyou. Themanagerwassurprisedbywhathesawonthecomputer.那位經(jīng)理被眼前出現(xiàn)在電腦屏幕上的東西所驚Theywillnolongerwanttobeourservants,butourmasters.它們將不再愿意做我們的人，而要做我曾……）現(xiàn)在不再……”ShenolongerlivesShedoesn’tlivehereanylonger(或anymore).她不在這兒住了。（過去她曾住這兒Thismethodworkedwellatnightaslongastheweatherwasgoodandthestarscouldbework 有 aslong 只1Whenwasitmade? Itwasmadein1980.1980Whenwasthedigitalcamera Itwasinventedin 19752年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行。 遇到幾號要用on，上午下午又是in。要說某日上下午，用on換in才能行。 at也用在時分前，說“差”可要用上to。past，travelby inthe inorder onthe takepart grow

What’s beworth atadistance sendsba Idon’tthinkalienscanbefoundin (1)think,believe,suppose,imagine,expectnotIdon’tthinkitwillrain 如果主句的主語是第二、三人稱，否定式一般不轉(zhuǎn)移。Hesupposestheywon’twinthe Thiscan’tbedoneinashort IthasbeentwodayssincewelandedonMars.it用作主語談?wù)摃r間，常與since連用。如：Itis(hasbeen)threeyearssinceweleftschool.What’sworse,ourwatersupplieswereveryIt’saquarterasbigasthe 如：Thisboxisthreetimesasheavyasthat 這只箱子是那只箱子的三倍重Marsgoesaroundthesunatadistanceofabout228million228000000atadistance ata 在遠(yuǎn)處。Themoongoesaroundtheearthatadistanceof38Thepolicefollowedhimatadistance. 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):是由“情態(tài)動詞+be+Alienscannotbeseenonthe Otherplanetsmaybevisitedsooninthe Scientificresearchshouldbedone Thesetreesmustbewateredin go congratulationsonsth Thanks/Thankyoufor+n./vinghavephysical

ingood/badhealth can’thelpdoing taketurnto(do輪流（做某事no for 做……（方面）dependon/upon turn turn turn

turn click lookforwardtodoingNowbigplansarebeingmadetosendupmoresatellitesandevenbuildaspace主動句中的賓補(bǔ)如果是不帶to的不定式時，變成被動句后，成為主補(bǔ)的不定式必須帶to,常見跟不帶to的復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see、feel、hear、make等。I’mmovedbywhatYangLiwei WhatYangLiwei 是介詞bybemoved 為……而感 如：Thestudentsaremovedbytheoldman’sGenerallyspeaking,weareingoodhealthgenerally ingood/bad 處于好（不好）的身體狀況。Hehasacold,heisalwaysinbad Wecouldn’thelplookingattheearthagainandagain.我們?nèi)滩蛔≡偃乜粗厍颉?can’t/couldn’thelpdoingsth. Ican’thelp (2)againand 一再，屢次Theteacherhastoldhimagainandagain.IthasprovedthatChinahasmadegreatprogressindevelopingitsspaceindustry.這證明Ithasproved ThereisnodoubtthatcomputersarewidelyusedbyworkersinbusinessandThereisnodoubt 譯為“毫無疑問”如ThereisnodoubtthatweshouldprotecttheComputershavemadetheworldsmaller,likeamake+賓語+形容 “使……怎樣”如We’lltryourbesttomakeourcountrymoreandmore功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語 whoareforthe raiseyour關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why1、who,whom,thatIshethemanwho/thatwantstosee2、whose用來指人或物，只用作定語。TheyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokenPleasepassmethebookwhosecover(=thecoverofwhich)isgreen.3、which,thatYesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomewhen,where,whywhen,where,whywhich”situation,case,circumstances,scene,occasionpointwhere引導(dǎo)定語從句。OccasionwhenAlltheworldisinapeacefulsituation(形勢),wh