應(yīng)用文寫作（1）：書信寫作應(yīng)用文寫作是2005年大綱修訂之后出現(xiàn)的新題型，與以往的考試大綱相比較，修訂后的新大綱在寫作部分做了很大的調(diào)整，其主要變化為：寫作部分在短文寫作的基礎(chǔ)上新增加了一篇100字左右的應(yīng)用文，使寫作部分由一篇變成了兩篇。新增的應(yīng)用文包括書信(letter)、備忘錄(memo)和報(bào)告(report)等。命題采用為考生提供規(guī)定情景的方法，這一部分共10分。在英語寫作中,應(yīng)用文體包含的內(nèi)容比較廣泛，如：私人書信、公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要等。從應(yīng)試角度，我們可以宏觀地將其分為書信類應(yīng)用文和告示類應(yīng)用文。書信寫作1.英文書信的種類和用途書信根據(jù)讀者對象的不同，主要分為兩大類，一類是寫給親朋好友的，稱之為私人信函（PersonalLetters）；另一類是寫給團(tuán)體、政府機(jī)關(guān)和商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的信函，稱之為公務(wù)信函（BusinessLetters）；就其用途而言，書信可分為求職信、咨詢信、感謝信、投訴信、建議信、邀請信、推薦信等。2.書信類應(yīng)用文書信是人們?nèi)粘懽魃钪薪涣魉枷氲囊粋€(gè)重要工具。英語書信與一般作文的寫法不同，有自己的獨(dú)特的語言及文體格式。英文書信的公務(wù)信函的結(jié)構(gòu)格式大致相同，但在措辭、時(shí)態(tài)、語言的正式程度方面有很大差異。了解英語書信的書寫要求，寫好英語書信考生應(yīng)該具有的基本寫作能力之一。3.英文書信的寫作格式1）縮進(jìn)式每段的開頭向右縮進(jìn)2個(gè)字符，與寫漢語文章類似。這時(shí)，段與段之間可以加一個(gè)空行，也可以不加空行。2）齊頭式每段的開頭不向右縮進(jìn)，但段與段之間用一個(gè)空行分開。由于每段的第一行不向右縮進(jìn)，從左邊看是齊頭的，所以也稱為齊頭式。4.英文書信的組成部分規(guī)范的英文書信主要由以下六個(gè)部分和兩個(gè)附加部分組成：1）信頭（Heading）：列出寄信人的地址和寫信日期2）信內(nèi)地址（InsideAddress）：列出收信人的姓名和地址3）稱呼（Salutation）：對目標(biāo)讀者對象的稱謂4）正文（Body）：信函的主體內(nèi)容5）結(jié)束語(ComplimentaryClose)如：Yourstruly,Yourssincerely等6）簽名（TheSignature）：簽名落款7）附言（Postscript）：如需補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容，可使用此項(xiàng)8）附件注明（Enclosedmark）：如信內(nèi)附其他文件，需在信末左下方寫上“Encl”5.?？紩蓬愖魑募皩懽鞣椒?）建議信【常用句型】1.I?dliketoprovidesomesuggestionson .2.I?dliketosuggestthatyou .3.It?smypleasuretoofferyousomeadviceon .4.Ingeneral,mysuggestionsareasfollows:【參考范文】DearMary,IamdelightedtolearnthatyouwillgraduatefromtheZhejiangUniversityverysoon.Lasttimeyouaskedmehowtomakeawisechoicebeforegraduation.SoIamwritingtoprovidesomesuggestionsforyou.Inmyopinion,itisagoodchoiceforyoutofurtheryourstudyaftergraduationbecausehigherdegreewillmakeyoumorecompetitiveinthejobmarketinthefuture.Besides,itwillalsobroadenyourvision,whichisbeneficialtoyourfurtherdevelopmentinthelongrun.Atlast,IdohopethatyouwillfindmysuggestionsconstructiveandIamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiMing2）感謝信【常用句型】1.Iamwritingtoshowmyheart-feltgratitudefor .2.Iamgratefultoyoufor .3.IappreciateitmorethanIcansay .4.Ideeplyappreciate .5.Idoappreciate .6.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpresstoyoumydeepappreciationforthekindassistanceyourenderedme.7.Again,Iwouldliketoexpressourwarmthankstoyou.【參考范文】Dearmanager,IamwritingtoexpressmythankstoyouandyouremployeeMissLi,whohelpedmetofindmywalletwhileIwasstayingatyourhotel.TheotherdayIwasreallycarelesswhenIwashavinglunchintherestaurant.IpaidthebillandsomehowIleftmywalletonthetable.IhadalreadywalkedoutofthehallwhenMissLicameupwithmywallet.Andshedidn’tevenacceptareward.IamsureMissLiisjustoneoftheChineseworkerswhoarehonestandreliable.HergoodqualitiesarereallysomethingandIwillalwayskeepitinmind.PleasesendmybestwishestoMissLi.TrulyyoursLiMing3）申請信【常用句型】1.Iamwritingtoapplyforthepositionof thatyouadvertisedinChinaDailythismorning.2.I'velearnedfromthenewspaperthatyourcompanyislookingfora .3.Iamwritingtoinquirewhetherthereisavacancyinyourcompany.4.IgraduatedfromPekingUniversitywithabachelor'sdegreeinMathematicsthreeyearsago.5.Aftercompletingmyfour-yearstudyatPekingUniversityin2007,IwasemployedbyLENOVOCompanyasa .6.Ihavebeenworkingin sincemygraduation,andhavethereforeaccumulatedthesufficientknowledgeandexperienceinthisfield.7.Ishallbegladtoprovideyouwithanyfurtherinformationconcerningmyeducationandprofessionalexperience.8.Iwillbeavailableforaninterviewatanytimeatyourconvenience.【參考范文】DearSir,IamLiMing,oneofthe2013graduatesofPekingUniversity.Iamkeenlyinterestedinthepostofbeingasalesmaninyourcompany.IthinkthatIwillbetherightcandidateforthisposition.Tobeginwith,mymajorparticularlymatchestherequirementsoftheads.ImajorinmarketingandwillgraduatefromPekingUniversityverysoonandobtainmybachelor'sdegree.What’simportantisthat,duringthepastfouracademicyears,Iparticipatedinallkindsofpromotionactivities,whichgreatlyenrichedmyexperienceinmarketing.Atlast,Iwouldbemostgratefulifyoutakemyapplicationintoafavorableconsideration.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.YourssincerelyLiMing4）投訴信【常用句型】1.Iamwritingtocomplainabout .2.Iamsorrytotroubleyou,butIamafraidthatIhavetomakecomplaintsabout .3.Franklyspeaking,Iamnotsatisfiedwith .4.Iamcompletelydisappointedtofindthat .5.Irequestyoutoreplace withanewone,whichmustbeinperfectworkingorder.6.Iwouldaskyoutorefund,otherwiseIwouldcomplaintotheauthoritiesconcerned.7.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.【參考范文】DearEditor,IhavebeenoneofthefaithfulreadersofthenewspaperandtodayIamwritingtoinformyouaboutmyunpleasantexperienceinourcitylastweek.LastMondayIboughtadictionaryinoneofthebiggestbookstoresofthecity.ButwhenIcamebackhome,Ifoundthatthebookhadlostseveralpages.SoIhavetogobacktothebookstoreandaskedtheshopassistantstoreplaceformepolitely.Buttomydisappointment,heturneddownmyrequestrudely.Here,whatIwanttosayisthatwhattheydidnotonlydisappointstheconsumers,butalsodamagesthegoodreputationofthecity.Idohopethatthemediacanappealtothedepartmentsconcernedtopaymoreattentiontosuchphenomenon.YourssincerelyLiMing5）詢問信【常用句型】1.I’mwritingtoinquirewhether .2.Wouldyoupleaseoffermesomeinformationconcerning .3.Iamwritingtoyouinthehopethat .4.Iwouldliketoinquiresomethingabout .5.Ishallbegratefultoyouifyou .6.Myfirstquestionis 7.Pleasegivemeapromptreplyatyourearliestconvenience.【參考范文】DearMs.Allen,I’mwritingtoinquirewhetheryouacceptseniorvisitingscholarsfromoutsidetheUnitedStates.I’mavice-professorintheDepartmentofEducationatPekingNormalUniversityinChina,aged37.Igraduatedfromtheuniversityin1983,majoringinbiologicalengineeringandIreceivedmyBachelor’sDegreeandMaster’sDegreein1983and1986respectivelyatthesameuniversity.AftergraduationIhavebeenengagedinteachingandresearchworkattheuniversity.I’dlikeyoutosendmeanapplicationformandotherrelevantinformation.Mydocumentsandreferencesareavailableonrequest.Thankyouforyourattention!Yourssincerely,LiMing6）致歉信【常用句型】1.Iamextremelysorryfor .2.Imustapologizetoyoufor .3.IcannottellyouhowsorryIamfor 4.Ijustdonotknowwhattosayaboutit.ButIdoknowitwasmyfault.5.IamafraidIhavebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.6.Ididnotmeanto .7.Itisveryinconsiderateofmeto .8.IregrettoinformyouthatIamunableto 9.IdobegyourpardonforthemessIhavemade.10.Iwilltrymybestnottomakesuchkindofmistakesagain.11.Again,pleaseacceptmysincereapologiesfor .【參考范文】DearDavid,Howareyourecently?NowIamwritingtoextendmysincereapologyforyoubecauseIamunabletomeetyouattheairporttomorrowafternoon.Originally,Iplannedtogototheairportandmeetyouinperson.ButunfortunatelyIwasinformedthatIhadtoattendabusinessmeetingwhichisrelatedtotheprojectthatIaminchargeof.ThatiswhyIcan’tmeetyouinpersonasIpromised.Idoapologizeforthat.Beingunfamiliarwiththecity,pleasewaitformeatthegateoftheairportandI’llgothereasquicklyaspossibleafterthemeeting.YoucanalsodrinksomecoffeeinKFCwhilewaitingforme.I’msorryagainfortheinconveniencecaused.Yours,LiMing7）推薦信【常用句型】1.Itismygreathonortorecommend .2.It'smygreatpleasuretorecommend toyou.3.Throughmycontactwithher,Iamimpressedby .4.Sheisbothenthusiasticandcooperative.5.Withthisgoodcharacter,Iamsurethat .6.Yourfavorableconsiderationofherapplicationwillbemostappreciated7.Iffurtherinformationisneeded,pleasefeelfreetocontact