2020新上外版選擇性必修一課文及翻譯Unit1FeelinggoodAReadingandInteractionIschocolatetheanswer?Haveyoueverwonderedwhatmakespeoplehappy?Whyaresomepeopleoncloudninewhileothersarealwaysdowninthedumps?What’sthesecret?Isitpotsofmoney,goodhealth,lovingrelationships,owningthelatestgadgetorsimplychocolate?ThelatestWorldHappinessReportsaysthatprosperityisnotthemainreasonforhappiness.Ifyousufferrealhardship,youareunlikelytobehappy,butonceyourbasicneedsaremet,moneyandmaterialthingsbecomelessofanecessary.Happinessdependsmoreonrecognizingthethingsyouhaveandappreciatingthem,ratherthangettingmorethings.Yes,moneycanbuyyouthelatestsmartphone,tabletorfashionitem,andyoumightgetakickoutofowningthesematerialobjects,butthisenjoymentisusuallyshort-lived.Rememberallthosepresentsyougotforyourbirthdaywhenyouwerelittle?Youwereoverthemoonwhenyouopenedthem,butnotforlong.Amonthlater,theywerelyingabandonedatthebottomofadrawer.Andhaveyouforgottenthosedeliciouschocolatesthatmadeyoufeelreallyhappywhenyouwereeatingthem,butillafteryou’dfinishedthemall?Itseemsthatdeep,long-lastinghappinesscomesfromintangiblethings,ratherthanthingslikechocolatesandsmartphones.Oneessentialfactorishumanrelationships.Peoplewhohavethesupportoffamilymembersandalsohavestrongfriendshipsaremorelikelytobehappy.Feelingprotectedandrespectedandknowingyoucantrustinthepeoplearoundyouisvital.Buthappinessmeansyouhavetogiveandtake.Performingactsofkindnessandgenerosityonaregularbasis,forexample,listeningtoafriendinneedorcarryinganeighbour’sshopping,willmakeyoufeelontopoftheworld.Evenasimplesmilecanworkwonders.Infact,theysaythatonesmilemakesapersonfeelasgoodaseating2,000barsofchocolate(notallatonce,ofcourse!)It’snotsurprisingthathealthisanotherkeycontributortohappiness.Poorhealthwillcertainlymakeyoufeeldowninthemouth.Butbeinghealthyandstayinghealthyrequiresomeeffort.Ahealthydietiscrucialandsoisregularexercise.Lazinesswillnotmakeyouhappy.Exercisingfor20to30minutesadayhelpstoreducestressandanxietyandmakesyoufeelmorepositiveandoptimisticbecauseitreleasesendorphins(feel-goodchemicals).So,ifyou’vebeenfeelingblueandworryingtoomuchaboutyourexams,getexercising.You’llalsofindthatyousleepbetter.Talkingofsleep,doyouoftenwakeupfeelingmiserable?Ifso,it’sprobablybecauseyouhaven’thadenoughofit.Teenagerstendtogotobedtoolateandhavetogetupearly,somanysufferfromalackofsleep.Tirednesswillcertainlyaffectyourhappinesslevelsandputyouinabadmood.Italsoaffectsyourabilitytoconcentrateandmayslowyourgrowth.Soifyouwanttobehappyanddowellatschool,trytogetatleasteighthoursofsleepanight.Nowthatyouknowthetheory,it’stimetoputitallintopractice.Smile,everyone!【參考翻譯】巧克力是答案嗎?你有沒(méi)有想過(guò)是什么讓人們快樂(lè)?為什么有些人興高采烈，而有些人卻總是垂頭喪氣?有什么秘密嗎?金錢(qián)、健康、愛(ài)情、擁有最新的小玩意兒，還是僅僅是巧克力?最新的世界幸福報(bào)告稱(chēng)，繁榮并不是幸福的主要原因。如果你遭受了真正的苦難，你不太可能快樂(lè)，但一旦你的基本需求得到滿(mǎn)足，金錢(qián)和物質(zhì)的必需品就變得不那么必要了。幸福更多地取決于認(rèn)識(shí)到你所擁有的東西并欣賞它們，而不是得到更多的東西。是的，錢(qián)可以買(mǎi)到最新的智能手機(jī)、平板電腦或時(shí)尚物品，你可能會(huì)從擁有這些物質(zhì)物品中得到樂(lè)趣，但這種樂(lè)趣通常是短暫的。還記得你小時(shí)候收到的生日禮物嗎?當(dāng)你打開(kāi)它們的時(shí)候，你欣喜若狂，但沒(méi)過(guò)多久。一個(gè)月后，它們被遺棄在一個(gè)抽屜的底部。你是否忘記了那些美味的巧克力，當(dāng)你吃的時(shí)候會(huì)覺(jué)得很開(kāi)心，但吃完后就會(huì)生病?似乎深刻而持久的幸福來(lái)自于無(wú)形的東西，而不是巧克力和智能手機(jī)之類(lèi)的東西。其中一個(gè)重要因素是人際關(guān)系。擁有家庭成員支持和深厚友誼的人更有可能快樂(lè)。感到受到保護(hù)和尊重，知道你可以信任你周?chē)娜耸侵陵P(guān)重要的。但幸福意味著你必須付出和獲得。經(jīng)常做一些善行和慷慨的事情，比如傾聽(tīng)朋友的需要，幫鄰居買(mǎi)東西，會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)十分幸福。即使是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的微笑也能創(chuàng)造奇跡。事實(shí)上，他們說(shuō)一個(gè)微笑讓人感覺(jué)就像吃了2000塊巧克力(當(dāng)然不是一次吃完!)健康是幸福的另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，這并不奇怪。身體不好肯定會(huì)使你感到沮喪。但是保持健康和保持健康需要一些努力。健康的飲食很重要，定期鍛煉也很重要。懶惰不會(huì)讓你快樂(lè)。每天鍛煉20到30分鐘有助于減少壓力和焦慮，讓你感覺(jué)更積極和樂(lè)觀，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)釋放內(nèi)啡肽(感覺(jué)良好的化學(xué)物質(zhì))。所以，如果你一直感到沮喪，擔(dān)心考試太多，那就去鍛煉吧。你也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你睡得更好。說(shuō)到睡眠，你經(jīng)常醒來(lái)時(shí)感到痛苦嗎?如果是這樣，那可能是因?yàn)槟氵€沒(méi)有睡夠。青少年往往睡得太晚，又不得不早起，所以很多人都缺乏睡眠。疲勞肯定會(huì)影響你的幸福水平，讓你心情不好。它還會(huì)影響你的注意力，可能會(huì)減緩你的成長(zhǎng)。所以，如果你想快樂(lè)，在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)好，試著每晚至少8小時(shí)的睡眠。現(xiàn)在你知道了理論，是時(shí)候把它付諸實(shí)踐了。BGrammaractivity1Readthepassage.Studysentences1-5andcompletegrammarrulesaandb.AhealthymindinahealthybodyGoodmorningandwelcometoTheHealthyOption.Lastweek,wediscussedthelinkbetweenabalanceddietandgoodhealth;thisweekwe’relookingatthelinkbetweenahealthybodyandahealthymind.Morethan2,000yearsagoinancientRome,thepoetJuvenalsaid,“Ahealthybodyproducesahealthymind.”Foryears,peoplehadlinkedthetwo,butitwasonlyinthe1960sthatsolidscientificevidencestartedappearing.Inthedecadesthatfollowed,studyafterstudyconfirmedwhattheancientpoethadalreadyknown:keepingfitreallydoeshelpthebrainworkbetter.Inthe2000s,ateamofmedicalresearchersfoundoutthatstudentswhodidexercisebeforeorduringclassesperformedbetterintheirschoolwork.Theyconductedanexperimentwhereonegroupofstudentsranfor30minutesonatreadmill,whileanothergroupdidn’tdoanythinginparticular.Thestudentswerethengivenaproblem-solvingtask.Thestudentswhohadexerciseddid10%betteratsolvingtheproblemthanthosestudentswhohadn’texercisefor40minuteseachdayinsteadof40minutesaweek,andtheiroverallgradesimprovedby14%.Asaresultofthisresearch,manyschoolsacrosstheUSchangedtheirtimetablesandeventheirclassroomstoallowmoretimeforphysicalactivity.Studentswhohadpreviouslynotbeenphysicallyactiveduringtheschooldaynowhadachancetoexercise.【參考翻譯】健康的精神寓于健康的身體早上好，歡迎來(lái)到健康選擇。上周，我們討論了均衡飲食和健康之間的聯(lián)系;本周我們將著眼于健康的身體和健康的思想之間的聯(lián)系。早在2000多年前的古羅馬，詩(shī)人尤維納利斯就說(shuō)過(guò):“健康的身體孕育健康的心靈?！倍嗄陙?lái)，人們一直將兩者聯(lián)系在一起，但直到20世紀(jì)60年代，才開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)可靠的科學(xué)證據(jù)。在接下來(lái)的幾十年里，一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)了這位古代詩(shī)人已經(jīng)知道的事情:保持健康確實(shí)有助于大腦更好地工作。2000年代，一組醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在課前或課間鍛煉的學(xué)生在學(xué)業(yè)上表現(xiàn)得更好。他們進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，一組學(xué)生在跑步機(jī)上跑了30分鐘，而另一組學(xué)生什么都不做。然后，學(xué)生們被分配了一個(gè)解決問(wèn)題的任務(wù)。與每周鍛煉40分鐘而不是每天鍛煉40分鐘的學(xué)生相比，每天鍛煉40分鐘的學(xué)生解決問(wèn)題的能力提高了10%，他們的總體成績(jī)提高了14%。這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果是，美國(guó)許多學(xué)校改變了他們的時(shí)間表，甚至教室，讓更多的時(shí)間進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)。以前在學(xué)校里不鍛煉身體的學(xué)生現(xiàn)在有機(jī)會(huì)鍛煉了。EculturalfocusFatAmericaAmericaisgettingfatter.Backinthe1970s,only10%ofteenswereoverweight,buttoday,oneinthreeteenagers(ormorethan25million)areoverweightorobese.Let’stakealookatthereasonswhy.CarcultureInthe1940s,thepopulationinsidecitiesgrewrapidlyandAmericanfamiliesstartedtomoveintothesuburbs.Today,morethan50%ofAmericanteenagerslivethere.Inthesuburbs,housesarebigger,gardensarebigger,andteenagersarebiggertoo.It’seasytoseewhy—theygoeverywhereincars.Suburbsarealongwayfromshoppingcentres,schoolsandfriends’houses.Theyoftenhavenosidewalks,makingit23timesmoredangeroustowalkorcyclethantodrive.Asaresult,familiesspendanaverageoftwohoursadayintheircars.And,whentheyreachtheirdestination,drive-throughsupermarkets,restaurantsandbankskeepthemcomfortablyintheirseats.“Screenagers”AtypicalAmericanfamilyhasthreeTVsandtheaverageteenager,or“screenager”,watches22hoursoftelevisioneveryweek.Bythetimetheyleavehighschool,mostteenagerswillhavespentmoretimeinfrontofaTVthanintheclassroom.Butit’snotjustTVthatmakeskidsextremelyinactive.TheaverageUShomehas24electronicgadgets,includingsmartphones,computersandgamesconsoles.It’snotsurprisingthatonly12.2%ofAmericanteenagersactuallyexerciseeachweek.FastfoodFastfoodisoneofAmerica’sgreatsuccessstoriesandAmericanshavebeeneatinghamburgersfordecades.Thefirstburgerbaropenedin1921,butitwasn’tuntilthe1950sthatfastfoodbecameincrediblysuccessful.Womenstartedtowork,peoplewerebusyandfastfoodrestaurantsfedfamiliesquicklyandcheaply.Today,50%ofmealsareeatenoutsidethehomeandmorethanthreequartersofAmericanteenagerseatafastfoodmealatleastonceaweek.Peoplehaveknownabouttheproblemsoffastfoodforyears,buttheystilleatit.Why?Probablybecausethesalt,fatandsugarmakeittastereallygood.SupersizingInthe1960ssupersizedpopcornwentonsaleinamovietheatreinChicago.Themanagerwantedpeopletospendmore,buthenoticedthatcustomersonlyboughtonebagofpopcornbecausetheydidn’twanttolookgreedy.However,theydidn’tmindbuyingabigger-sizedbag.Theideaofsupersizeportionswasborn.Inthe1970s,fastfoodrestaurantsadoptedthesameapproachandintroducedlargerfriesandsodas.Surprisingly,today’s“small”friesarethesamesizeaslargefriesin1970.Similarly,thelargestsodain1955wasmuchsmallerthantoday’schild-sizesoda.Overthelastthreedecadestheaverageteenager’scalorieconsumptionhasrisenby25%to2,700aday.Worryingly,that’s700caloriesmoreadaythantheyneed.SowhatdoesthefutureholdforAmerica?Doctorsfearthatanepidemicofillnesseslikeheartdiseaseandcancermayspreadout.Manythinkthiscouldbethefirstgenerationthatdoesn’toutliveitsparents.Buthealthcentresforobesechildrenlike12-year-oldConchita.Conchita’stiredtodaybecauseshe’sbeenexercising.“It’shardwork,butI’mfeelinggood,”shesays.Howmanytimeshassheexercisedthisweek?“Three,”shereplies,“andI’vegivenupfastfoodtoo.”“Thesekidswantlonglivesandtheywanttodoalotofthings,”explainsadoctoratthecentre.“Clearly,that’snotgoingtohappenunlesstheychangetheirlifestyle.”【參考譯文】肥胖美國(guó)人美國(guó)人正變得越來(lái)越胖。早在20世紀(jì)70年代，只有10%的青少年超重，但今天，三分之一的青