選擇性必修第一冊UNIT1

PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT英語2022高考總復(fù)習(xí)GAOKAOZONGFUXI內(nèi)容索引核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破隨堂鞏固遷移運(yùn)用核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破1.committedadj.盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的[教材原句]TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.(P2)屠呦呦,一位堅定而有耐心的科學(xué)家,1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波,1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)(2020·江蘇卷)AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthecommitment(commit)Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.(2)Usuallythemostawkwardemailmistakeis

committed(commit)inanger.

[小情境寫作](3)但他很快發(fā)現(xiàn)他喜歡演奏這種樂器,并致力于練習(xí)它,使他在幾個月內(nèi)演奏得相當(dāng)不錯。Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,and

was

committed

to/committed

himself

topracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell.(4)但更重要的是,我們承諾作為夫妻一起成長。Butmoreimportantly,we

made

a

commitmenttogrowtogetherasacouple.考點(diǎn)必記(1)becommittedtodoingsth全力以赴做某事(2)commitv.做出(錯事);犯(罪);承諾;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)commitamistake犯錯commitcrime犯罪commit...to...把(時間、金錢、人力等)投入到……commitoneselftodo承諾;保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)(3)commitmentn.承諾;投入,奉獻(xiàn)makeacommitment作出承諾[語境串記]Hehasmade

a

commitmentthathewillcommit

himself

tohisstudyinthenewacademicyearbecauseheknowsthattosucceed,oneneeds100%commitment.他已經(jīng)做出承諾,新的學(xué)年他將專注于學(xué)習(xí);因?yàn)樗?一個人要想成功需要100%的投入。2.evaluatevt.評價;評估[教材原句]Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.(P2)她的團(tuán)隊查閱了2000多本古老的醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn),并對280000種植物的藥用價值進(jìn)行了評估。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe

evaluated(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality.

[小話題寫作](2)(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)在每一個動作中,你必須分析情況,處理對手正在做的事情,并從所有選項中評估最佳動作。Oneverysinglemoveyouhavetoanalyzeasituation,processwhatyouropponentisdoingandevaluate

the

best

movefromamongallyouroptions.考點(diǎn)必記(1)evaluateone’sability評估某人的能力evaluateone’swork評估某人的工作(2)evaluationn.評估[名師點(diǎn)津]evaluate和evaluation的近義詞是assess和assessment。3.distinctadj.清晰的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的[教材原句]Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.(P2)在他們的研究中,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測試了380種不同的中國古代療法,這些方法為抗擊瘧疾帶來了希望。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction(distinct).[小話題寫作](2)兩個人可能互相夢見對方,而且發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的夢有著清晰的聯(lián)系。Twopeoplemaybothdreamoftheother,andfindthattheirdreamshada

distinct

connection.考點(diǎn)必記(1)bedistinctfrom有別于(2)distinctionn.差別;區(qū)別;不同4.obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得;贏得

vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在;流行[教材原句]Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.(P2)然后,他們試著把新鮮的苦艾煮開,用從中提取的液體來治療瘧疾,但這也不管用。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)First,youshouldanalyzetheinformationobtained(obtain)fromthelocalpeopleandtourists.[小話題寫作](2)(2019·江蘇卷)科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)獲得了更多的證據(jù)表明塑料正在進(jìn)入人體。Scientistshaveobtained

more

evidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(3)醫(yī)院最近獲得了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,可以讓更多患者接受治療。Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtained

new

medical

equipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.[翻譯句子](4)Thelongerthissituationobtains,thetoughertheproblemsbecome.這種情況持續(xù)的時間越長,問題就越棘手。考點(diǎn)必記(1)obtain...from...從……獲取……obtainadvice/information/permission得到忠告/信息/許可(2)obtainableadj.可獲得的,可得到的5.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝[教材原句]However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(P2)然而,屠呦呦并不承認(rèn)失敗。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Wearesendingyousomegiftsinacknowledgement(acknowledge)ofyourvaluablehelp.(2)Thefestivalis

acknowledged(acknowledge)asaneventofinternationalimportance.

[小話題寫作](3)(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)在她被一位顧客提名為“柴郡年度女性”后她多年的努力最終得到了認(rèn)可。Heryearsofhardworkhave

been

finally

acknowledgedafteracustomernominatedhertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.考點(diǎn)必記(1)acknowledge...as/tobe...承認(rèn)……是……Itisacknowledgedthat...普遍認(rèn)為……acknowledgedoingsth承認(rèn)做過某事(2)acknowledgementn.承認(rèn);確認(rèn);感謝inacknowledgementof感謝6.defeatn.失敗;挫敗

vt.擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝[教材原句]However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(P2)然而,屠呦呦并不承認(rèn)失敗。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)(2018·天津卷)Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentwewere

defeated(defeat).

[小話題寫作](2)最重要的事就是非到不得已不要認(rèn)輸。Themostimportantthingisnottoadmit/acknowledge

defeatuntilyoureallyhaveto.[選詞填空:win/beat/defeat](3)Theathletedefeated/beathiscompetitorsandwonthegoldmedal.(4)Lastweekourschoolbeattheirschoolatfootball.(5)Theywonthewar,althoughitcostthemmillionsoflives.(6)She’salive—herheartisstillbeating.考點(diǎn)必記sufferadefeat遭到失敗anarrowdefeat惜敗adefeatedarmy敗軍acknowledge/admitdefeat承認(rèn)失敗[易混辨析]win“贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)爭、某物,賓語是game,prize等beat在比賽中“戰(zhàn)勝、擊敗”對手,還有“連續(xù)打擊、心跳、敲鼓”等意思defeat在比賽中“戰(zhàn)勝、擊敗”對手。在戰(zhàn)爭中“戰(zhàn)勝、擊敗”敵人[熟詞生義]defeatvt.使困惑;難住Theinstructionmanualcompletelydefeatedme.這操作指南把我完全弄糊涂了。7.insistvi.&vt.堅持;堅決要求[教材原句]TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.(P3)屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊成員甚至堅持在自己身上測試藥物,以確保它是安全的。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Hermotherfinallyallowedhertogo,insistingonherkeeping(keep)closetothehouseandnotridingtoofar.(2)Theoldmaninsistedthathewas(be)illand(should)be

sent(send)tohospital.

[小話題寫作](3)(2019·天津卷)你應(yīng)該尊重別人的觀點(diǎn),同時堅持你認(rèn)為正確的事情。Youshouldrespecttheviewsofothers,andatthesametimeinsist

onwhatyouthinkisright.考點(diǎn)必記insiston堅決要求insiston(doing)sth堅持(做)某事insistonsb/one’sdoingsth堅持某人做某事insistthatsb(should)dosth堅持某人做某事[名師點(diǎn)津]insist后接的從句表示一種觀點(diǎn)或事實(shí)時不用虛擬語氣。[佳句背誦]Heinsisted

thathewasrightandshouldnotbepunished.他堅持自己是對的,不應(yīng)該受到懲罰。8.conclusionn.結(jié)論;推論[教材原句]Didyoucometoanyconclusions?(P4)你得出任何結(jié)論了嗎?語境巧練[單句語法填空](1)(2020·天津卷)ThisledJonestotheconclusion(conclude)thattherearetoomanyextremelylonelypeopleinhiscommunity,whoareeasytargetsofcheating.(2)FromwhathesaysIconcludethathehasnotmuchinterestinit.[小話題寫作](3)綜上所述,散步是一種廉價、安全、有趣而又隨時可以開展的運(yùn)動形式。In

conclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyable,andreadilyavailableformofexercise.(4)當(dāng)小組討論接近尾聲時,確保以要點(diǎn)結(jié)束討論。Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoconclude

it

withimportantpoints.考點(diǎn)必記(1)cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論leadsbtoaconclusion使某人得出結(jié)論inconclusion最后(2)concludev.推斷;決定,作結(jié)論conclude...from...從……得出結(jié)論……concludesthwithsth用……結(jié)束……9.circumstancen.條件;環(huán)境;狀況[教材原句]ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.(P5)我們幫不了琳達(dá),她的處境是我們無法控制的。語境巧練[完成句子](1)舊的規(guī)則之所以需要修改,是因?yàn)樗鼉H適用于一百年前存在的情形。Theoldruleshavetoberevisedbecausetheyonlyapplied

to

the

circumstancesthatexistedwhentheyweremadeahundredyearsago.(2)我原計劃第二天離開的,但在這樣的情況下,我決定再住一夜。Iplannedtoleavethenextdaybutunder/in

the

circumstancesIdecidedtostayanothernight.(3)我知道我在任何情況下都能信任她。IknowIcantrustherin/under

any

circumstance.考點(diǎn)必記in/undernocircumstances決不in/underthecircumstances在這種情況下in/underanycircumstance在任何情況下[名師點(diǎn)津]in/undernocircumstances這種表示否定意義的短語用于句首時,句子用部分倒裝語序。Under/In

no

circumstanceswillhelendmoneytoanyone.他決不借錢給別人。10.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)[教材原句]Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,the

most

well-known

being

the

general

theory

of

relativity

and

the

famous

formula

E=mc2.(P8)他對世界做了許多貢獻(xiàn),其中最著名的是廣義相對論和著名的公式E=mc2。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Muchtimespent(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.(2)China’simageisimprovingsteadily,morecountriesrecognising(recognise)itsroleininternationalaffairs.(3)Thetreesareextremelytallthere,some

measuring(measure)90metres.考點(diǎn)必記獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由名詞或代詞加上分詞、形容詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)成如下:名詞/代詞+不定式名詞/代詞+過去分詞名詞/代詞+動詞-ing形式名詞/代詞+介詞短語名詞/代詞+形容詞名詞/代詞+副詞11.consequencen.結(jié)果;后果[教材原句]Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany.(P8)因此,他不得不逃離德國。語境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomattertheconsequences(consequence).[小話題寫作](2)(2019·江蘇卷)艾瑪出生于一個國際鶴類基金會,由人類看護(hù)人撫養(yǎng)長大。盡管她在那里度過了一段美好的時光,這導(dǎo)致了意想不到的后果。Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawasraisedbyhumancaretakers.Thisledtoan

unexpected

consequence,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.[句式升級]Thefarmwasflooded,andasaresult,mostoftheharvestwaslost.→(3)Thefarmwasflooded,and

as

a

consequence,mostoftheharvestwaslost.→(4)Thefarmwasflooded,and

consequently/therefore,mostoftheharvestwaslost.考點(diǎn)必記(1)asaconsequence因此(=asaresult)asaconsequenceof由于(=asaresultof)inconsequence(ofsth)由于(……的緣故);因而(2)consequentlyadv.因?yàn)?由于12.encountervt.偶然碰到;遇到

n.邂逅;遭遇[教材原句]Infact,Einsteinoftenencounteredpeopleonthestreetwhowouldstophimandaskhimtohelpexplainthings.(P8)事實(shí)上,愛因斯坦經(jīng)常在街上遇到一些人,他們會攔住他,請他幫忙解釋一些事情。語境巧練[小話題寫作](1)(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)當(dāng)我在英語學(xué)習(xí)中遇到問題時,我的老師會耐心地傾聽,并仔細(xì)地給我解釋,幫助我克服困難。WhenIencounter

problemsinEnglishlearning,myteacherlistenstomepatientlyandexplainsthemcarefully,helpingmeovercomethedifficulties.(2)這個故事描述了一個男人與一只海豚之間的奇遇。Thestorydescribesthe

extraordinary

encounterbetweenamanandadolphin.[句式升級](3)(2019·天津卷)Ireadthatpeoplearemoredividedthanever,butthat’snothowthepeopleImeettendtoact.→Ireadthatpeoplearemoredividedthanever,butthat’snothowthepeopleIencountertendtoact.考點(diǎn)必記encounterproblems遇到問題encounterdifficulty遇到困難encounter(n.)withsb/sth突然或意外的與……相遇隨堂鞏固遷移運(yùn)用Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffcommitted(commit)togivingourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.2.Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation(evaluate).3.CouldyoutellmewhatIhavetodoto

obtain(obtain)astudentvisaandhowlongtheprocesswilltake?

4.Itisatruthfinallyanduniversallyacknowledged(acknowledge)thatasinglewomanwithbrainsdeservestohaveequalopportunitiestomen.5.Damagedbutnotdefeated(defeat),hewasstillaheadofme.6.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsisto

analyse(analyse)yourshortandlongtermobjectives(objective),keeping(keep)inmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.

7.Founded(found)inMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.8.Theyarenotallowedtouseadictionary,andmuchofthemeaningmustbe

inferred(infer)fromthecontext.

9.Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous”experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkable(remark)improvementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.10.Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtoafalseconclusion(conclude).Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全短文內(nèi)容DearJimmy,YouwrotetoaskmeabouttheuniversityIaminnow.1.Founded

in

1911(成立于1911年),TsinghuaUniversityhasalonghistoryandh