PAGEModule6TheInternetandTelecommunications(主題語境：人與社會——科學(xué)與技術(shù))基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問·全面回顧JICHUZHISHIQUANMIANHUIGU●Ⅰ單詞分類巧記閱讀詞匯認(rèn)讀1．crashvi. __(計算機(jī))崩潰__2．breakdownn. __故障__3．sourcen. __來源；出處__4．documentn. __文件__核心詞匯識記1．__contain__ vt.包含；包括2．__average__ adj.平均的3．__access__n.接近；通路→__accessible__adj.可進(jìn)入的；可運用的4．__defence__n.愛護(hù)；防衛(wèi)→__defend__vt.愛護(hù)；防衛(wèi)5．__design__vt.設(shè)計→__designer__n.設(shè)計者6．__invention__n.獨創(chuàng)→__invent__vt.獨創(chuàng)→__inventor__n.獨創(chuàng)者7．__permission__n.許可→__permit__vt.允許n．許可證8．__concentrate__vi.集中(留意力、思想等)→__concentration__n.用心，專注；留意→__concentrated__adj.集中的9．__independent__adj.獨立的→__independence__n.獨立→__depend__v.依靠；依靠10．__disadvantage__n.弊端；缺點→__advantage__n.優(yōu)點；特長用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Inthepast，manywomenhadno__access__tocollegeeducation.Collegeeducationwasn’t__accessible__towomenuntilthe1920s.(access)2．Herfatherwouldnot__permit__hertodrivealoneeventhoughshehadgotherdriving__permit__.Withoutherfather’s__permission__，shehadnochoicebuttogooutbybusoronabike.(permit)3．Theclothessellingverywellare__designed__byaworld-famous__designer__.(design)4．Mr.Smith，an__inventor__，has__invented__manyusefulthingsandhasmademuchmoneyfromhisnew__invention__.(invent)5.Inclass，thenaughtyboyhaslittlepowerof__concentration__;_asaresult，hecouldnot__concentrate__onwhathisteachersays.Butwhenheplayscomputergames，hecan’tbemore__concentrated__.(concentrate)6．Mostofusarelongingtobe__independent__fromourparents，becauseour__independence__showsthatwe’vegrownupbutwhenmeetingwithdifficulties，we’llhaveto__depend__onourparents.(depend)●Ⅱ短語互譯速記1．由……組成 __consistof__2．也 __aswell__3．提出 __comeupwith__4．全神貫注；集中思想 __concentrateon__5．與……相比 __comparedwith/to__6．logon/off __登錄/注銷__7．becomeknownas __作為……而著名__8．godown __下降__9．fromthatmomenton __從那時起__10．a(chǎn)seriesof __一系列的__選用上述短語填空1．Ihavetoattend__aseriesof__meetingswhichhavesomethingtodowithmywork.2．Thesolutiontotheproblemhe__cameupwith__atthemeetinghasbeensupportedbymostpeople.3．She__becameknownas__astudentsingerwhenshewasamiddleschoolstudent.4．Thisbook__consistsof__sixmodulesandwewillhavelearntthembytheendofnextmonth.5．Hefailedthefinalexamlastyear.__Fromthatmomenton__，hewasdeterminedtostudyhard.6．__Comparedwith/to__thosewhostandby，IamproudofwhatIhavedonefortheinjuredladyintheaccident.1．“包含”大搜尋(1)includevt.包括；含有(2)containvt.包含；容納(3)involvevt.包括；包含(4)covervt.包括；涉及(5)comprisev．包括；由……組成2．“由動詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞”萬花筒(1)breakdown故障(2)breakup裂開(3)breakthrough突破(4)make-up化妝品(5)get-together聚會；聯(lián)歡會3．“v.＋-or→n.”詞匯合萃(1)invent→inventor(2)create→creator(3)visit→visitor(4)act→actor(5)direct→director4．“集中精力于……”小結(jié)(1)concentrateon(2)focus/fix(one’sattention)on(3)beburiedin(4)beabsorbedin(5)putone’sheartinto5．“withthe＋n.＋of”短語(1)withthehelpof在……的幫助下(2)withthedevelopmentof隨著……的發(fā)展(3)withtheincreaseof隨著……的增長(4)withthepurposeof帶有……的目的6．“比較”種種(1)compare...with...把……與……相比(2)compare...to...把……比作……(3)comparedwith/to與……相比較(4)incomparisonwith與……相比較(5)contrastwith與……形成比照/對比●Ⅲ佳句精析精練1．Berners-LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet，notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.貝爾納斯·李使每個人，而不僅僅是高校和軍隊，運用因特網(wǎng)成為可能。[精析]本句為make的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式賓語。2．OurEnglishteacherisexcellent，butshecan’thelpeveryoneintheclassin50minutes.我們的英語老師特別棒，但是她不能在50分鐘內(nèi)幫助班里的每一位同學(xué)。[精析]本句中not...everyone表示部分否定。3．I’mhomenow.Whynotgivemeacall?我現(xiàn)在在家。為什么不給我打電話呢？[精析]Whynotdosth.？表示“為什么不做某事呢？”，常在口語中用來提出建議、提議等。[句式仿寫]依據(jù)上述句式完成句子1．精通這項技術(shù)可能會讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Masteringthetechnology__makesitpossibleforustousetheInternet__moreeffectively.2．事實是并不是每個人都把合理支配時間看得重要。Thetruthisthat__noteveryone__isattachinggreatimportancetotimemanagement.3．為什么不來參觀中國剪紙藝術(shù)展呢？__Whynotcomeandtakepartin__theChinesepaper-cuttingartexhibition?●Ⅳ單元語法過關(guān)合成詞和冠詞語法填空1．Heaskedallthe__passers-by__(passer-by)，butnonerepliedtohim.[解析]依據(jù)空格前面的“all”和后面的“none”可以推斷出，他問的“過路的人”不止一個，故應(yīng)當(dāng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以要用passers-by。2．Inhisopeningremarks，PresidentTrumpread__a__letterfromamaninTennesseewhowasbehindhimfor__the__goodofthecountry.[解析]句意：在開場白中，特朗普總統(tǒng)讀了一封來自田納西州的信，寫信人說為了國家的利益支持他。第一空，不定冠詞a表示“一”；其次空，forthegoodof表示“為了……的利益”，為固定用法。3．Thosewhohave__a__goodknowledgeofsomethingdon’tnecessarilyteach__the__knowledgewell.[解析]考查冠詞。句意：嫻熟駕馭某種學(xué)問的人未必能教好該學(xué)問。haveagoodknowledgeof為固定用法，故第一空用不定冠詞a；“____knowledge”特指前面提到的某種學(xué)問，故其次空用定冠詞the。4．—Haveyouseen__the__Englishfilm?—Yes，Ihave.ButIreallywanttoseeit__a__secondtimebecauseitissofantastic.[解析]考查冠詞。由答語中的seeit可知第一空是特指的英文電影，故用the；其次空，asecondtime表示“再一次，又一次”，故用不定冠詞a?？键c探究·素養(yǎng)演練KAODIANTANJIUSUYANGYANLIAN高頻單詞1．containvt.包含；包括激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·江蘇高考)Theclassexperimentthatdaywastoshowhowheatinga__container__(contain)ofwaterwouldbringairbubblingtothesurface.②Beespeciallycarefulofinformation__contained__(contain)inadvertisements.③Ireceivedaletter__containing__(contain)someimportantinformationabouttheproject.④Hearingthedisappointingnews，hewastoosadtocontain__himself__(he)．歸納拓展containoneself克制自己；自制containern．容器易混辨析contain通常指某容器中盛或裝有某物，還可指某種物質(zhì)中含有某成分或含有其他物質(zhì)include通常表示把某事物或某人作為其中的一部分包含在內(nèi)，在句中常構(gòu)成短語sth./sb.included或includingsth./sb.圖解助記實力提升選詞填空(include/contain)①(2024·北京高考)Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywould__contain__.②(2024·北京高考)Firstcelebratedin1970，theDaynow__includes__eventsinmorethan190countriesandregions.2．a(chǎn)ccessn．接近；通路；運用；進(jìn)入的權(quán)利vt.接近；運用；(電腦)存取激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·北京高考)Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose，youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccess__to__safedrinkingwater，orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.②(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz，makethemusicmore__accessible__(access)，andpreserveitshistoryandculture.導(dǎo)圖助記留意：accessto與beaccessibleto中的to均為介詞，后面要跟名詞或動名詞。實力提升一句多譯“一帶一路”的發(fā)展幫助中國貿(mào)易商得以進(jìn)入更廣袤的市場。①ThedevelopmentoftheBeltandRoadhelpsChinesetradersto__haveaccessto__abroadermarket.②ThedevelopmentoftheBeltandRoadhelpsChinesetradersto__beaccessibleto__abroadermarket.3．designvt.設(shè)計；構(gòu)思；支配n．支配；布局；圖樣；企圖激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·新全國卷Ⅰ)Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspecially__designed__(design)fatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.②(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)ForWestern__designers__(design)，ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.③Thebook，designed__for__youngadults，turnedouttobepopularwiththeelderly.④Whetherthishappened__by__designornotweshallneverknow.⑤Theorganisationisdesigned__tohelp__(help)peoplewhowishtoteachabroad.導(dǎo)圖助記實力提升句式升級Thisprogramwasdesignedtohelpjoblesspeoplebutitdidn’tworkoutasplanned.→__Thisprogramdesignedtohelpjoblesspeoplejustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.__(過去分詞短語作定語)4．permissionn.允許；許可激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·江蘇高考)Peopleneed__permission__(permit)tobefunnyinsocialsettingsbecausethere’salwaysariskthatcomeswithhumor.②(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompany__touse__(use)specialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.③Wedon’tpermit__smoking__(smoke)intheoffice.④Weather__permitting__(permit)，we’llgotherewithyou.導(dǎo)圖助記實力提升完成句子①Visitorsarenot__permittedtotake__photographs.參觀者請勿拍照。②Wehopetovisityourschool，if__timepermits__.假如時間允許，我們希望能參觀一下你們的學(xué)校。5．concentratevi.集中(留意力、思想等)激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrate__on__herstudies.②Withhisattention__concentrated__(concentrate)onhisfavoritenovel，heforgotallabouthishomework.歸納拓展(1)concentrateon/upon專注于；用心致志于concentrateone’sattentionon/upon專注于；全神貫注于(2)concentrationn．用心；集中實力提升句式升級IfyouconcentrateyourmindonEnglish，youwillmasterthelanguage.①__ConcentrateyourmindonEnglish，andyouwillmasterthelanguage__.(祈使句＋and＋陳述句)②__ConcentratingyourmindonEnglish__，youwillenableyourselftomasterthelanguage.(分詞短語作狀語)6．a(chǎn)verageadj.平均的；平常的n．平均；平均數(shù)；平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一般水平v．平均為；計算出……的平均數(shù)激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·江蘇高考)Ontheotherhand，theyburnedslightlymorecalories，__on__average，duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.②(2024·江蘇高考)Modernmanhasabrain__averaging__(average)1200－1400cm2.③__An__averageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear，makingitthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.歸納拓展anaverageof...平均有above/belowaverage高于/低于平均水平onaverage平均地；通常；按平均值withanaverageof...平均為……實力提升一句多譯每天平均有兩個學(xué)生曠課。①__Anaverageof__twostudentsareabsenteachday.②Twostudentsareabsent__onaverage__eachday.?？级陶Z7．consistof由……組成；由……構(gòu)成激活學(xué)問語法填空①(2024·浙江高考)Rockmusic__consists__(consist)ofmanydifferentstyles.②(2024·天津高考)Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystems__consisting__(consist)ofheatdetectors，smokedetectorsandsprinklers.歸納拓展(1)consistin在于；存在于consistwith...與……一樣；相等(2)eq\b\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(bemadeupof,becomposedof))由……組成提示：consistof的應(yīng)用需留意：①沒有被動語態(tài)；②沒有進(jìn)行時態(tài)。相同特點的還有：belongto(屬于)；runout(用完)；breakout(爆發(fā))等。實力提升一句多譯由5家小工廠組成的這家公司正面臨著嚴(yán)峻的財政危機(jī)。①Thecompany__that/whichconsistsof/ismadeupof5smallfactories__isfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.(定語從句)②Thecompany__consistingof5smallfactories__isfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語)③Thecompany__madeupof5smallfactories__isfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.(過去分詞短語作定語)8．comeupwith提出或找到(答案、想法等)；趕上激活學(xué)問翻譯句子①(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.譯：__佐治亞理工學(xué)院的探討人員說，他們已經(jīng)獨創(chuàng)了一種能解決這個問題的低成本設(shè)備：智能鍵盤。__②(北京高考)Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.譯：__因此，科學(xué)家想出一個令人震驚的辦法。__歸納拓展comeup走近；上來；被提出，被提及comeabout發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生comeacross遇見；(偶然)發(fā)覺；被理解comeon來吧；趕快；進(jìn)行cometo來到(某地)；加起來總共；復(fù)原知覺Whenitcomesto...當(dāng)涉及；當(dāng)談到……實力提升句型轉(zhuǎn)換ThedesignersaystheideacameupafterhewatchedpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.→Thedesignersayshe__cameupwith__theideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.必備句型9．(1)Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell.各高校運用這一系統(tǒng)也變成了可能。(2)Berners-LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet，notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.貝爾納斯·李使每個人，而不僅僅是高校和軍隊，運用因特網(wǎng)成為可能。激活學(xué)問完成句子①__Itisnecessaryfortheyoungtomaster__aforeignlanguage.年輕人駕馭一門外語是必要的。翻譯句子②Manyparentsmadeittheirdailyroutinetogetoutforawalkintheevening.譯：__很多父母把晚上出去漫步當(dāng)成他們的日?；顒?。__歸納拓展it作形式主語和形式賓語常用的句式：(1)It＋系動詞＋表語＋todo/doingsth./that從句。(2)動詞＋it＋賓語補足語＋todo/doingsth./that從句。其中常見的動詞有：find，make，consider，suppose等。實力提升語法填空①(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)It’shard__totell__(tell)exactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim.②(2024·浙江高考)__It__seemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.課堂達(dá)標(biāo)·鞏固提升KETANGDABIAOGONGGUTISHENGⅠ.單句語法填空1．PresidentXiJinpingsaysthatthecentralgovernmentwillmakemedicalinsurance__accessible__(access)toeveryfamily.2．Thechildrenbecomesodependentontheirparentsthattheyhavenoindependentthoughtor__creative__(create)ideas.3．Theringisoneofherpersonalpossessions，soyoucan’ttakeitwithout__permission__(permit)．4．Studentsareprovidedwithbreakfast，dinnerandeitheracookedorpackedlunch，__consisting__(consist)ofasandwich，adrinkandadessert.5．Grandmaisvery__independent__(dependent)anddoesallherownshoppingandcooking.6．Asisknown，theworldchangedafterthe__invention__(invent)ofthetelephone.7．__Compared__(compare)withadults，childrenaremoreeagertoexploretheworldaroundthem.8．Whenwillthemattercomeupfor__discussion__(discuss)?9．Theyapproachedthedepartment，speaking__frequently__(frequent)tooneanother.10．Thelackofequipmentmade__it__difficultforthemtofinishtheworkontime.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Severalstudentscameupsomegoodsuggestionsonhowtorunaclasswell.__up后面加with__2．ThefilmissogoodthatIwanttoseeitthesecondtime.__the→a__3．Thenumberofstudentsinmyschoolhaverisenfrom2,000to4,000.__have→has__4．Wewillbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.__will→would__5．TwentypercentofthepopulationhereisfromtheOceania.__is→are__6．TheUnitedKingdom，theU．S，Canada，Australia，NewZealandareallEnglish-spokencountries.__English-spoken→English-speaking__7．Wethoughtwrongthatthechildshouldbeleftaloneinthehouse.__thought后面加it__8．Comparingwiththebookboughtlastweek，thisoneismoreinteresting.__Comparing→Compared__9．Afterthemeal，sheplacedalittleboxcontainedanoldpeninmyhand.__contained→containing__10．Ontheaverage，howmuchtimedoyouspendonsportsactivitieseachweek?__去掉the__Ⅲ.教材連接高考依據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheInternet，whichisthebiggestsourceofinformation，__1.consists__(consist)ofmillionsofpagesofdata.Everyoneintheworldcanaccessit__2.using__(use)theWorldWideWebthroughacomputer.Buthowdiditdevelop?In1969，DARPA，aUSdefence__3.organisation__(organise)，de