Unit1WishyouwerehereGrammarandusageNon-restrictiverelativeclausesLearningobjectives:1.Identifytheuseofnon-restrictiverelativeclauses;2.Workouttherulesofnon-restrictiverelativeclauses;3.Usenon-restrictiverelativeclausestofinishthetasksofrewritingsentencesandtranslatingsentences.一、非限制性定語從句構(gòu)成及定義：+,+關(guān)系詞先行詞Shehastwobrothers,(who

areworkinginthecity).+其他部分構(gòu)成：先行詞+，+關(guān)系詞+其他部分IliveinNanjing,

（whichisabigcity.）IlikemyEnglishteacher,

（who

speaksgoodEnglish.）Ivisitmygrandparentsattheweekend,(when

Idonotgotoschool.)定義：非限制性定語從句對先行項進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,通常用逗號與主句隔開。Rule1:

Weoftenuseanon-restrictiverelativeclausetoadd_______(額外的）informationto

anoun,pronounornounphraseinthemainclauseorthemainclause.A_________（逗號）isusuallyusedtoseparatetheaddingclauseandthemainclause.extracomma非限制性定語從句與主句用逗號隔開，補(bǔ)充說明先行詞或主句Workouttherulesonpage6.ExploringtherulesFindthesentenceswithnon-restrictiverelativeclausesinthearticle.ExploringtherulesTheseindustries,inturn,givejobstothelocalpopulation,whosewelfaredependsontourism.Thepricesoftouristessentialssuchastransport,accommodationandfoodusuallyincreasetoo,whichbringsevenmorewealthtothesurroundingcommunity.Morenature-centredtouristattractions,wheremanandnatureliveinharmony,canbegreatlyimpactedorevendestroyedbythefloodoftourists.Asresourcesareusedmorerapidlythantheycanbesustained,wildlifehabitatsarelikelytosuffer,

whichcouldendangerthelocalplantsandanimals.Localfestivalsandcustoms,whichmayhavedeepmeaninginaparticularculture,cansimplybecomeentertainmentfortourists.Readandcomparethesentenceswithwhich.Thepricesoftouristessentialssuchastransport,accommodationandfoodusuallyincreasetoo,

whichbringsevenmorewealthtothesurroundingcommunity.Asresourcesareusedmorerapidlythantheycanbesustained,wildlifehabitatsarelikelytosuffer,

whichcouldendangerthelocalplantsandanimals.Localfestivalsandcustoms,whichmayhavedeepmeaninginaparticularculture,cansimplybecomeentertainmentfortourists.非限制性定語從句中，可用which指代整個或部分主句Rule3:Wecanuse_________(which/who/where)inanon-restrictiverelativeclausetorefertothemainclauseasawhole.which非限制性定語從句中，可用which指代整個或部分主句Workouttherulesonpage6.Exploringtherules關(guān)系詞所指所作成分二、非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞（充當(dāng)成分）（不充當(dāng)成分）whowhomwhichwhoseaswhenwhere指人主語指人賓語指代整個主句或主句的一部分主語/賓語指人或指物的定語＋名詞指代整個主句或主句的一部分主語/賓語時間名詞時間狀語地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語介詞+which

(=at/in/···which)(=at/on/in/during/···which)Thisisthefarm

where

weworkedwhenwewereyoung.=onwhich

Ioftenthinkofthemoment

whenIfirstmether.=atwhich

Rule2:

Weusuallyintroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclausewitharelativepronounlikewho,whom,whichandwhoseorarelativeadverblikewhenandwhere.Therelativepronounandadverb________(can/cannot)beleftoutinanon-restrictiverelativeclause.cannot非限制性定語從句中不用that不用why,關(guān)系詞不可省略Workouttherulesonpage6.ExploringtherulesThereareseveralreasons

why

theboysshouldbepunished.=forwhich

1.在非限制性定語從句中，whom、which前面可以加some/several/afew/many/more/most/allof等修飾詞，表示整體中的部分或所有。(指物：which;指人：whom)Ihavemanyfriends,_________________areexperts.我有許多朋友，其中一些是專家。Ihavebeentomanybigcities,__________haveleftadeepimpressiononme.我去過很多大城市，所有的都給我留下來深刻的印象。someofwhomallofwhich三、補(bǔ)充用法2.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞可以是整個主句或主句的一部分。as引導(dǎo)的從句可以置于主句前、主句中或主句后。as是關(guān)系詞中唯一可以置于句首的關(guān)系詞。

1.AsisknowntotheUnitedStates,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.美國人都知道，馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。2.Heisabsorbedinwork,asheoftenwas.他正在全神貫注地工作，他過去經(jīng)常這樣。3.Taiwanis,

asyouknow,

aninseparablepartofChina.你知道，臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。as有以下常見的固定表達(dá)：asweallknow(asiswellknown)眾所周知asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣asweexpect(aswasexpected)正如我們預(yù)料的那樣ascanbeseen看得出來ashasbeensaidabove如上所述asisoftenthecase像常規(guī)那樣asis/wasreported正如報道的那樣

(3)StPetersburg,_______isaverybeautifulcity,wasoncecalledLeningrad.(4)YesterdayImetLiPing,_____seemedtobeverybusy.(5)HecametotheUnitedStatesin1914,_____WorldWarⅠbrokeout.(6)Singapore,______Ihavelivedfortenyears,isadynamiccountrywithmanyaskyscraper.

whichwhowhenwhere(1)Beijing,______isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.(2)Hewaslateagain,______madetheteacherveryunhappy.whichwhichExercisesPracticemakesPerfect三部曲：1.劃分主從句2.圈先行詞

3.先行詞帶入從句e.g.MyparentswentonatourofJapanwith20people.Someofthemhadneverbeenabroadbefore.→MyparentswentonatourofJapanwith20people,someofwhomhadneverbeenabroadbefore.ApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.P7B1

MyparentswentonatourofJapanwith20people,someofwhomhadneverbeenabroadbefore.

MyfavouriteplacetovisitisalittlevillagenearShanghai,wheremygrandmawasborn.DrLuo,whoisanexpertinChinese