Period2Usinglanguage

Unit6Disasterandhope1.Comprehendthegrammaticalfeaturesandusagesofellipsis(省略)2.Learnaboutsomedisastersinhistoryandaccumulatemorewordsandexpressionstodescribenaturaldisasters;3.Understandtheweatherforecastbylisteningandfindspecificinformation.LearningaimsReadthesentencesandpayattentiontothewordsinred.Themastersaidshewoulddoanythingforthewomenandbabiesifneeded.Leading-inTheywerehelpedbythearmy,soquitehappy.Whenburiedunderthebuildingsintheearthquake,heencouragedhisclassmatesbysinging.Ellipsis省略1.基本概念

省略是一種避免重復(fù)、保持句子簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。凡是缺少一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的必要語(yǔ)言成分,在一定語(yǔ)境中能夠獨(dú)立存在,意義明確,并且能發(fā)揮交際功能的句子就是省略句。一般說(shuō)來(lái),只要不破壞語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或者引起歧義,能省略的就應(yīng)省略。省略不僅使句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得緊湊,而且也是分句和分句之間的承接紐帶。二、省略的用法1.并列句中的省略一般說(shuō)來(lái),在后一并列句中凡是與上文相同的成分通常都可省略。IcameateightbutHenry(came)atnine.我八點(diǎn)來(lái)的,但亨利是在九點(diǎn)來(lái)的。2.復(fù)合句中的省略(1)定語(yǔ)從句如果關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),這個(gè)關(guān)系代詞可以省略。He’stheman(who/that)youcansafelydependon.他是你能放心信賴的人。(2)狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致,且狀語(yǔ)從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。When(thenovelis)published,thenovelwillbecomeoneofthebestsellersoftheyear.那本小說(shuō)出版的時(shí)候就會(huì)成為當(dāng)年的暢銷書之一。(2024·北京高考)Andwhen(hewas)askedabouthisnewtitle,hesharedthesecret:moderation(適度).當(dāng)被問及他的新頭銜時(shí)，他分享了秘訣:適度(3)賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that一般情況下,可以省略。that后面的賓語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)或其他一些特殊情況下,that不能省略。Ihope(that)you’llbefinesoon.我希望你盡快康復(fù)。(4)主句省略有時(shí)整個(gè)主句都可省略,只剩下一個(gè)從句。這種省略現(xiàn)象通常出現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)短答語(yǔ)中。—Youalllikethestory?——你們都喜歡這個(gè)故事?—Yes,exceptthattheconclusionistoohasty.——是的,只是結(jié)尾太倉(cāng)促。3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的省略(1)虛擬條件句常省略if,而將were,had,should提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。Hadyoucomehereyesterday,youwouldhavemether.如果你昨天來(lái)這兒的話,你就會(huì)見到她了。(2)在一堅(jiān)持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建議(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,含這些詞的派生詞的其他主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句,以及Itisstrange/natural/necessary/importantthat...從句中常省略should。Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.我們堅(jiān)決要求他們和我們一起走。4.動(dòng)詞不定式的省略(1)有些動(dòng)詞(詞組),如want,wish,expect,hope,wouldlike,try,forget等后面的不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),可以省略動(dòng)詞只保留到to,但如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有系動(dòng)詞be和助動(dòng)詞have,這些動(dòng)詞就要保留。Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.這個(gè)男孩想在街上騎自行車,可他媽媽不同意。(2)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式并列時(shí),第一個(gè)帶to,后面可以省去to;但如果兩個(gè)不定式表示對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí),則to不可省略。Hiswishistoearnalotofmoneyand(to)buyhismotherabighouse.他的愿望是賺很多錢給媽媽買所大房子。(3)感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)see,lookat,hear,listento,notice,watch等和使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have等的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要省略to;但此類動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的to不可省略。Isawhimentertheroomjustnow.剛才我看見他進(jìn)了房間。(4)在某些句式中,如介詞but前有動(dòng)詞do的任何形式,后面的不定式要省略to。Icandonothingbutwait.我能做的只有等待。5.介詞的省略(1)在英語(yǔ)中一些與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞搭配的介詞常被省略,而只保留后面的動(dòng)名詞。如spendtime/money(in)doingsth.;havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.;prevent/stopsb.(from)doingsth.。Ihavesometrouble(in)learningEnglish.我學(xué)英語(yǔ)有困難。(2)表示時(shí)間的介詞at,on和in在next,last,this,each,these,yesterday,every,tomorrow等詞之前,一般可省略。Wehaveafinalexameveryterm.每學(xué)期我們舉行一次期末考試。6.替代性省略英語(yǔ)中,可以使用so,not或其他手段來(lái)省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子?！狢anIputmybikehere?我可以把自行車放在這兒?jiǎn)?—You’dbetternot.你最好不要。【即學(xué)即練】把下面句子變?yōu)槭÷跃?1)Itisabeautifulday,isn’tit?→____________,isn’tit?

(2)Shewaspoorbutshewashonest.→Shewaspoorbut______.Beautifuldayhonest(3)—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—LosinghernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset.→—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—____________________.

(4)Whenitisseenfromtheplane,thehouseslookliketinytoys.→__________________,thehouseslookliketinytoys.

LosinghernewbicycleSeenfromtheplane

Summary1.單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Although_________(order)tostop,thedriverkeptondrivingasfastashecould.(2)Scientiststhinkthatdoves,when________(fly)indaylight,usethesunforguidance.(3)When__________(offer)help,oneshouldsay“Thankyou.”(4)Hesucceededinsolvingalltheproblemsas__________(expect).(5)Hehadawonderfulchildhoodwhen__________(travel)withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.(6)Somediseasesarenotatalldangerousif__________(treat)intime.orderedflyingofferedtravelingexpectedtreatedExercise2.單句寫作(1)這些問題,如果不妥善處理的話,將嚴(yán)重影響青少年的成長(zhǎng)。(ifnotsolvedproperly)________________________________________________

(2)你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。(省略動(dòng)詞)_______________________________________

(3)這次展覽比預(yù)料的有趣得多。(thanexpected)_______________________________________________

(4)這個(gè)感人的故事，如果改編成電視劇,一定會(huì)大受歡迎。(ifadapted;ahit)___________________________

_______________

Theseproblems,ifnotsolvedproperly,willseriouslyaffec