2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期奉賢區(qū)高三英語練習(xí)卷考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分。2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或?qū)?非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置。I.GrammarandvocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.EmpiresinConversationDespitethethousandsofmilesseparatingthemandthebigdifferencesintheirpeoples,tworulersin17th-centuryEuropeandChinawereneverthelessthedrivingforcebehindagrandculturalexchange.ThetwomenweretheKangxiEmperorofChina'sQingDynastyandKingLouisXIVofFrance.Asymbolicimagefromtheperiodcapturedtheexchange:Europeanambassadors(使臣)，.(dress)intherobesofQingofficials,stoodbesideanarmillarysphereinthecourtoftheKangxiEmperor.Theastronomy,mathematics,physics,andchemistrytheybrought(fascinate)theyoungemperor,whowasparticularlyinterestedintheheavenlybodies.Throughtheirinstruction,Kangxigainedarichknowledge.OnonevisittosouthernChina,heusedaspiritlevel(水平儀)tomeasurethewater,andfoundamistakeinhisministerswerecontrollingthewaterintheHongzelake.Itisnaturalformanyofus(marve)attheChineseemperor'sgoodknowledgeofWesterntechnologies.ButKangxi'sinterestsextended.thehardsciences:Hetriedtoorganizeinformationabouttheseforeignlandsandspread.amongthepublic.Heaskedhisthirdprince,Yinzhi,toestablishamuseumofmathematicstalentedscholarswouldengageinresearchandobservationofmathematicallawsandtheuniverse.Incourtspeeches,KangxiwouldholdforthonthenaturalsciencesfromEurope,o(lecture)youngprincesaboutastronomy,calendarsystemsandarithmetic.Outstandingstudents9(send)totheinstitutionofastronomyorotherkeydepartments.1nevisitorsfromtheWestcametotheEastmainlytospreadtheirculture,uponarrivinginthatancientkingdom,theydiscovereditspeoplealreadypossessedtheirownwell-establishedunderstandingoftheworld.TherewastheGoldenMeanofConfucius,andtheunknowableTaoofLaoTzu.AndtheseleftadeepimpressiononthetravelingEuropeans.1SectionB(10分)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.人.options B.resolved C.pride Dcautious E.sustained F.assignedGstretchN.functioning unscasonably J.aggressive K.anchoringSilentonLakeSuperior:McSorley'sLastJourneyBythedayhedied,ErnestMcSorleyhadbuiltareputationasthecaptainwhocouldweatheranystorm.HewasoneofthebestsailorsontheGreatLakes,wherehehadbeen11topilottheEdmundFitzgerald,theflagshipofColumbiaTransportationDivision.McSorleytook12inhisefficiency,andhealwaysdeliveredhisgoodsontime,navigatingskillfullythroughdangerouswaters.Thecompanyvaluedhis13approachofalwayspushingforward.OnNovember9,1975,theFitzgeraldsetsailfromSuperior,Wisconsin,carryingaround26,000tonsofironore.Thetemperaturewas14warm,anearlysignthatsomethingwaswrong.Angrywinterweatherwasalreadyonitsway.At7p.m.,theNationalWeatherServiceissuedastormwarningforLakeSuperior,predictingwavesuptotenfeettall.McSorleyhadtwo15:HecouldsailstraightacrossthelaketoWhitefishBay,afamiliar30-hourjourney,ortaketheso-callednorthernroute,a44-hourpassagethathuggedtheCanadianshore,whichwouldprotecttheshiprightupuntilthefinal16ofthevoyage.McSorleyhadinitially17tosailtheshorterpassage.Butasconditionsworsened,hechangedhismind.Thecaptainknownforhisaggressionandefficiencymadeanuncharacteristically18decision,choosingthelongernorthernroute.Around3p.m.onNovember10,CaptainBernieCooperoftheArthurM.Anderson,ashiptravelingnearby,noticedsomethingalarmingonhisradarscreen.Minuteslater,theFitzgeraldradioedtheAndersonreportingtrouble:"Ihave19sometopsidedamage,"McSorleysaid.“I'mcheckingdown.WillyoustaybymeuntilIgettoWhitefish?”Soonafter,McSorleylearnedthatbothoftheFitzgerald'sradarshadstopped20,andthelighthouseatWhitefishPointhadgonedark.Despitehisdecadesofexperience,McSorleyreportedovertheradiothathewaswitnessing"oneoftheworstseasI'veeverbeenin".Afterthatfinaltransmission,theFitzgeraldstoppedansweringcallsfromtheAndersonanddisappearedfromtheradar.2II.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.OnMarch17,scientistsreportedfindingtheearliestechoesoftheBigBang.Thelong-soughtevidencesupportstheideathattheuniverseinflatedina(n)21.Ascientifictheory,calledinflation,heldthatduringthefirsttrillionthofatrillionthofatri.lionthofasecondaftertheBigBang,theuniversegrew22fasterthanthespeedoflight.Itsoonstretchedoutfartherthananytelescopecansee.Astronomersfirstintroducedthetheoryofinflationmorethan30yearsago.Sincethen,ithasbecomeanimportantpartofthe23forhowtheuniversebegan.InflationhelpsanswersomequestionsraisedbytheBigBang,suchaswhytheuniverselooksthesameineverydirection.Inflationprobablyhas24everythingout.It'sjustlikewhathappenswhenblowingupapartyballoon.25,scientistscouldn'tbesurethatinflationhappened,fortheylackedsolidevidence.Thenewdiscoveryprovidestheneededevidence,identifyingthelong-lastingeffectsofinflationonthe26lightintheuniverse.ScientistscannottravelbacktotheBigBang,aneventlosttothedeeppastof13.8billionyears.Yet,theuniverseitselfisatimecapsule.Accordingtoinflationtheory,theBigBangsentwavesspreadingthroughthefabricofspacetime,preservingcluesthatscientistscanstill27today.Knownas"gravitationalwaves",theywould28squeeze(壓縮)andstretchthefabricofspace.Sotheirpassageshouldhavelefta(n)29onthefarthestreachesoftheknownuniverse.Scientistshadsoughtthosecharacteristicmarks.Fortheirsearch,thescientistsusedatelescopecalledBICEP2attheSouthPole.Theregion'scold,dryand30airisperfectforobservingdeepintospace——andbackintotime.For50years,scientistshaveknownthatenergyintheformofmicrowaveradiation31longaftertheBigBang.32,thetelescopedetectstinyparticlesoflightthatcarrythismicrowavesignal.JohnKovac,aHarvardAssociateProfessorofastronomyandPhysics,ledthenewsearchfortheBigBang'sechoes.Hislargeteamwillcontinueto33theirdata.Theywanttomakesuretheirresultsdidn'tarisefromaprobleminthetelescopeorsome34intheiranalysis.3Fornow,manyscientistsareexcitedbythenews.35ofgravationalwavesoffersnewopportunitiesforscientiststotestmoreideasaboutthenatureoftheuniverse,thusopeningupawholenewwindow.21. A.period B.flash C.term D.interval22. A.upward B.downward C.inward D.outward23. A.explanation B.reflection C.description D.prediction24. A.spilt B.smoothed C.cast D.wiped25. A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Instead26. A.oldest B.brightest C.purest D.gentlest27. A.overlook B.project C.decode D.clarify28. A.relatively B.randomly C.alternately D.instantly29. A.symbol B.mark C.object D.evidence30. A.harsh B.thick C.stable D.fresh31. A.expands B.endures C.emerges D.fades32. A.Forinstance B.Bycontrast C.Asaresult D.Inparticular33. A.goover B.accountfor C.backup D.referto34. A.failures B.errors C.weaknesses D.contradictions35. A.Approval B.Publication C.Awareness D.ConfirmationSectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Itseemsobviousthatplantscannotcount1-10ontheirrootsorleavesasweusuallydowithourfingers,butscientistssaycertainplantscan"count"andevendosimplemaths.Theypossessmysteriousabilitiestokeepaneyeontheinsectsnearbyandtheirownfoodstores.Venusflytrap,forexample,areknowntoshuttheirleavesrapidlywhentheysensesomethingmovingonthem.Buttheyonlydothisifanythingmovestwicewithinabout15-20seconds.Themovementsaresensedbyfine'trigger'hairsontheleavesandtranslatedintoelectricalpulses(脈沖),flowingthroughtheplant.Whenanelectricalpulseistriggeredtwice,theleaveswillcloseimmediately.Butasagroupofinternationalscientistsshowedin2016,insect-eatingplantsofthiskindareabletotallyhigherthantwo.Theywaituntilthey'vesensedatleastthreeelectricalpulsesbeforetheystartproducingthechemicalsneededtodigesttheircatch,probablytoavoidwastingtheirenergyonluckyescapees.Evenbeforethisdiscovery,though,scientistsweresuggestingthatthalecress,acousintocabbagethat'swidelyusedinplantstudies,couldperformaprocesssimilartodoingdivision.Duringtheday,thalecressesusesunlighttobuilduptheirfoodstores,whichisknownasphotosynthesis.Buttosurvivethenight,theymustfirstdeterminehowmuchenergytheywillneed.Theydothisbyassessingtheenergystoredintheirleavesandfactoringinthelengthofthenight.Basedonthiscalculation,theythenmanagetheirfoodintakeatasustainablerate.Expertsargueweshouldn'tlabelthesecuriouscountingabilitiesas"intelligent"orasevidencethatplantshavesomeearlyandunderdevelopedformofbrain.They'rejustdoingwhattheyneedtosurvive.Butitremindsusthateventhesimplestformsoflifecandisplayastonishingcomplexityandprecision.36.TheexampleofVenusflytrapsinParagraph2isgiventoshowthat.A.plantscancount1-10ontheirrootsandleavesB.someplantscancarryoutsimplecalculationsC.plantsareabletogenerateelectricalpulsesD.certainplantsreactmuchfasterthaninsects37.Theunderlinedword"tally"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.A.number B.repeat C.divide D.sense38.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.venusflytrapssettimedtrapsbasedonhowmanybugstheysenseB.plantsdosimplemathstokilltimeotherthanmerelytosurviveC.thalecressmanagesitsenergyuseatnightthroughcalculationD.plantshavenowevolvedastructuresimilartoahumanbrain39.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthearticle?A.Plants'amazingsenseoftimeandspaceB.Plants'smarttricksofcapturingbugsC.Plants'brilliantuseofsunlightandenergyD.Plants'surprisingtalentformathematics5(B)EDINBURGII TicketType Onlineprice Walk-uppriceCASTLE Adults(aged16-) ￡21.50 ￡24.00Children(aged7-15) ￡13.00 ￡14.50Family(2adults,2children) ￡62.00 ￡69.501.Visitorsaccessthecastleoverawooden-boardbridge.2.Uponenteringthecastle,thereisasetofadaptedtoiletstoyourleft,andtheticketofficetoyourright-bothreachedoveranunevencobbled(鋪有鵝卵石的)surface.3.Youenterthecastlefromasteepwindingroute.Itis15degreesatitssteepcstpoint,theaverageisfivedegreesanditisapproximately350mfromenteringthecastletothetoplevelatCrownSquare.Itissurfacedwithcobbles,whichcanbeuneven.6.TheroutecontinuesupthecobbledrisethroughFoog'sGate.Thisisthesteepestpartofthecastleroute.4.TheOneo’ClockGunisonthelevelbutcobbledarea,nexttotheRedcoatCafé.Thegunmakesaloudandsuddennoisewhenitisfired.Thegunisfiredeverydayat1p.m.,exceptSundays,GoodFriday,andChristmasDay.6.TheroutecontinuesupthecobbledrisethroughFoog'sGate.Thisisthesteepestpartofthecastleroute.5.HospitalSquareisreacheddownacobbledslopeof12degrees.8.ThesurfacearoundSt.Margaret'sChapelandMonsMegiscobbled.TheChapelhasasmallraisedpathwayuptoadoor810mmwide.7.VisitorswillthenenterCrownSquare-alarge,level,pavedarea.8.ThesurfacearoundSt.Margaret'sChapelandMonsMegiscobbled.TheChapelhasasmallraisedpathwayuptoadoor810mmwide.7.VisitorswillthenenterCrownSquare-alarge,level,pavedarea.640.Ifyou'reatSt.Margaret'sChapelandwanttograbadrink,youcanheadtoyour.A.northwest B.northeast C.southwest D.southeast41.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheguidebook?A.Thosewhobooktheirticketsonlinecanenjoyasmalldiscount.B.VisitorscanexpecttheOneo'ClockGuntobefiredallyearround.C.Parentswith2kids(aged15,10)donotqualifyforaFamilyTicket.D.Touristscanenjoyacompletelylevelroutethroughoutthewholevisit.42.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.A.promotethecastle'scafesandsouvenirshopsB.tellthedramaticstoryofthecastle'spastbattlesC.offertheoverviewofthecastle'sphysicallayoutD.describethehistoricalsignificanceofthecastle(C)On27September1825,RobertStephensonandCo'sLocomotionNo.IarrivedinStockton,England.Asthefirstrailvehicletocarrypassengers,itwasgreetedwithaseven-gunsaluteandanastonishedcrowd."Itwasfoundtobequiteimpossibletocontaintheenthusiasmofthecrowd,"reportedajournalist.Thisweekendthecelebrationsarelikelytobeslightlylesswild,asthe200thanniversaryofthepioneeringStocktonandDarlingtonrailwayline(S&DR)ismarked.Buttheywillundoubtedlybeheartfelt.Areplica(復(fù)制品)ofthepioneeringengineistorecreatetheoriginaljourney,withviewingticketssoldoutalongtherouteandabigscreenfollowingitsprogressinthetowncentre.Asetofstampsinmemoryoftheeventisbeingissued,whichfeelsappropriatelyoldschool.ThebusinessmenwhoinvestedintheS&DRbackinthe19thcenturyweremotivatedbythefunctionalbenefitsoftransportingcoalmoreefficiently.Buttheirprojecteventuallyunlockedfarwiderhumanpossibilities,transformingthesenseofdistanceandchangingthewaythenationlived.TrainscarriedVictorianworking-classfamiliestotheseasideandback,andreunitedloversonwindsweptplatforms.Crowded20th-centurypassengertrainsranregularlybetweensatellitetownsandcities.Arailwaystationbecamepartoftheidentityofaplace,aswellasapointofdeparturefromit.Thesedaystherailwaysarejourneyingwithdifficultytowardsanewera.Theshort-sightedrailwaycutsofthe1960s,andtheneedless,failedprivatisation(私有化)ofthe1990s,wereavoidablepoliticalerrorswhoselegacyisstillfelttoday.極度高ticketpricesandlong-term7mismanagementinthenorth,wherethestorybegan,harmthecontemporarynetwork.Asthegovernmentgraduallytakesmoretrainoperatorsbackunderpublicownership,amuch-neededstrategicresetisrequired.Therailindustryshouldbecomeakeyforceofgreensustainablegrowth.Sadly,plansforhigh-speedrailinnorthernEnglandaretobedelayedagain.Thisdoesnotinspireconfidence.Fortrainloversthough,thisweekendisaboutthepastnotthefuture.LocomotionNo.1launchedajourneythatmeantfarmorethantravellingfromAtoB.FromENesbit'sdescriptionofaruralchildhoodtoWHAuden'spoem,thetriphasleftalastingmarkonourliterature.CamforthinLancashirestillcelebratesitsstation'sroleinthecinemaclassicBrief遇encounter,whereatragicromanceisbroughttoaclosebyaguard'swhistle,andtherhythmicsoundofwheelsbeginningtomoveontrack.43.Accordingtothepassage,LocomotionNo.1referredto.A.aprojectfoundedbybusinessmenintheVictorianeraB.areplicabuilttocelebratetherailway's200thanniversaryC.amachinededicatedtocarryingcoaloutmoreefficientlyD.avehiclemarkingthebeginningofpassengertransportbyrail44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheraildevelopment.A.holdsculturalsignificancebeyondbeingameansoftransportationB.hasundergoneasuccessfultransitiontomeetmodern-daydemandsC.isfocusingontheconstructionandexpansionofhigh-speedrailnetworksD.hassufferedadeclineduetotheriseofmoresustainabletransportmodes45.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4mostprobablymeans.A.decisionsintendedforreformshaveledtolong-lastingdamageB.increasesinticketpriceweremeantforapotentialserviceupgradeC.railwaycutsinthe1960soncethoughtshort-sightedprovenecessaryD.politicalerrorsinthepasthaveendedtherailwaynetworkforgood46.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthechangesintherailwayoverthepasttwocenturies?A.disappointedbutoptimistic B.hatefulandcriticalC.respectfulyetregretful D.confidentandadmiringSectionC(8分)Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.8A.TheMercatormap,a16th-centurynavigationtool,misrepresentstheworld'scontinents.B.Besides,theMercatormapscangreatlyinfluencepeople'ssenseofcultural,dentity.C.S?m?larly,?tstillservesasthemainworldmaponmanydigitalplatformsandmobileapps.DHoweverchangingclassroommaterialsalonewon'tfullyaddresspublicmisconceptions.E.Itencouragestheuseofthe2018EqualEarthprojectiontoshowcountries'sizescorrectlyFExpertsarguemodernmappingtoolshavemadetraditionalworldprojectionslessimportant.AfricanUnionurgesadoptionofworldmapshowingcontinent'struesizeTheAfricanUnionhassupportedacampaigntostopusingtheMercatorworldmap.The"CorrectTheMap"initiativeurgesgovernmentsandinternationalorganizationstousemapsthatshowthetruesizeofAfrica.47.Itmakesareasnearthepoles,suchasNorthAmericaandEurope,appearlarger,whilereducinglandsneartheequatorlikeAfrica.AnditcreatesafalseideaofAfricaaslessimportant,eventhoughitistheworld'ssecond-largestcontinentinbothareaandpopulation.Thisincorrectviewhelpscontinuestereotypes(刻板印象)thataffectinternationalmedia,education,andpolicy.AlthoughcriticismoftheMercatormapisnotnew,thecampaignhasbroughtbackthedebate.48.Thiscorrectionisvitalbecause,asMokyMakuraofAfricaNoFilterexplains,Africahaslongbeenpresentedinamisleadingwayonworldmaps.Nevertheless,theMercatormapremainswidelyusedinschoolsandacrossthetechindustry.Thiswidespreaduseisobviousinitsstatusasthestandardmapforcountlesseducationalresources.49.50..SeeingAfricashownsmalleronworldmapshurtspeople'sprideandharmschildren'sself-image."WeareworkingtomaketheEqualEarthprojectionthemainmapusedinclassroomsacrossAfrica,"saidFaraNdiaye,co-founderofSpeakUpAfrica.Insupportofthiseducationaleffort,theAfricanUnionwillencouragewideruseofcorrectmapsamongitsmemberstates.III.SummaryWriting(10分)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhatisAI'sRoleinArtCreation?Asartificialintelligenceadvancesacrosscreativefields,aquestionemerges:DopeoplewantAItobecomeanartistorsimplyatoolforartisticcreation?Evidencesuggeststhatwhilethepublicisincreasinglyfamiliarwi