演講人：日期：艾滋病知識(shí)英文介紹目錄IntroductiontoAIDSBiologyandPathogenesisofHIVDiagnosisandTestingforHIVTreatmentOptionsforHIV/AIDSPreventionStrategiesforReducingTransmissionRisksConclusion:Movi01IntroductiontoAIDSDefinitionAIDS,orAcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome,isapotentiallylife-threateningconditioncausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)HistoryAIDSwasfirstrecognizedintheearly1980s,andsincethen,ithasbecomeaglobalhealthcrisisaffectingmillionsofpeopleworldwideDefinitionandHistoryofAIDSAIDShashadadebilitatingimpactonglobalhealth,causingmillionsofdeathsandleavingmanymoreaffectedandvulnerableAccordingtorecentstatistics,over38millionpeoplearelivingwithHIV/AIDSglobally,withthemajorinsubSaharaAfricaGlobalImpactandPrevalencePrevalenceGlobalImpactHIVistransmittedthroughcontactwithinfectedbodilyfluids,suchasblood,sex,vaginalsecrets,andbreastmilkTransmissionRoutesRiskfactorsforHIVtransmissionincludeunprotectedsexualintercourse,sharingneedsorsymmetries,andmothertochildtransmissionduringpregnancy,childbirth,orbreakfeedingRiskFactorsTransmissionRoutesandRiskFactorsEducationaboutAIDSiscriticaltodispellingmythsandmisconceptionsaboutthedisease,whichcanleadtosigmaanddiscriminationByincreasingawarenessofAIDS,morepeoplewillbefundedtogettestedandseektreatmentiftheyareaffectedEducationaboutAIDScanalsopromotesafebehaviorsthatreducetheriskoftransmission,suchasresistance,beingfaithfultooneuninformedpartner,andcorrectandconsistentuseofconventionsPreventingMisformationEncouragingTestingandTreatmentPromotingSafeBehaviorsImportanceofAIDSEducationandAwareness02BiologyandPathogenesisofHIVStructure:HIVisavirusthatbelongstotheRetrovirusfamilyandhasasinglestrandedRNAgenomeItisenclosedbyaliveenvelopederivedfromthehostcellmembraneandcontainsseveralvirtualprocesses,includinggp120andgp41,whichareresponsibleforbindingtoandfusingwithhostcellsThereplicationcycleofHIVbeginningswiththeattachmentofthevirustothehostcell,followedbyfusionofthevirusandcellmembersTheviralRNAisthenreversedtransferredintoDNA,whichintegratesintothehostcell'sgenomeFromthere,thevirususesthehostcell'smachinerytoproducenewvirtualparticlesthatarereleasedfromthecelltoaffectothercellsStructureandreplicationcycleofHIVHIVtargetsspecificcellsoftheimmunesystem,primaryCD4+Tcells,whicharecriticalforcoordinatingthebody'simmuneresponseThevirusattachmentstothesecellsusingitsenvelopeproteinsandinputsitsgeneticmaterialintothecellOnceinsidethecell,HIVreplicatesandkillsthehostcell,graduallydeletingthebody'ssupplyofCD4+TcellsandweakeningtheimmunesystemInteractionwithHostImmuneSystemActHIVinfectionThisistheearlieststageofHIVinfection,marketedbyahighlevelofvirusinthebloodandastrongimmuneresponseManypeopleexperienceflu-likesymptomsduringthisstageChronicHIVinfectionIftheinfectionisnottreated,itprogressestoachronicstagewheretheviruscontinuestoreplicateandCD4+TcellcountsdecreaseAIDSAstheinfectionprogressionandtheimmunesystembenefitsmostlyweakened,individualsdevelopAIDS,whichischaracterizedbyanincreasedsusceptibilitytoopportunisticinfectionsandcancerStagesofHIVInfectionandDiseaseProgressionPeoplewithHIVareatincreasedriskofdevelopingOpportunisticinfections,whicharecausedbymicroorganismsthatdonotcommonlycausediseaseinhealthindividualsTheseinfectionscanbesevereandlifethreadingHIVinfectionisalsoassociatedwithanincreasedriskofcancertypesofcancer,suchasKaposi'ssarcomaandnonHodgkin'slymphomaHIVcanalsocausearangeofothercomplications,includingneurologicaldisorders,cardiovasculardisease,andkidneydiseaseOpportunisticinfectionsCancerOthercomplicationsCosectionsandComplicationsAssociatedwithHIV03DiagnosisandTestingforHIV03NuclearAcidTests(NATs)DetecttheactualvirusinthebloodbylookingforHIV'sgeneticmaterials01AntibodyTestsDetectantibioticsproducedbytheimmunesysteminresponsetoHIVinfection02Antigen/AntibodyCombinationTestsDetectbothHIVantibodiesandthep24antigen,whichappearssoafterinfectionTypesofHIVTestsAvailableTestingisrecommendedforindividualsathighriskofHIVinfection,suchasthosewithmultiplesexualpartners,injectiondrugusers,andthosewhohaveunprotectedsexwithanHIVpositivepartnerRoutinetestingisalsorecommendedforalladultsandadults,regulationsofriskfactorsPregnantwomenshouldbetestedaspartofroutinepreliminarycareWhentoTestandWhoShouldBeTestedApositivetestresultindicatesthatantibioticstoHIVhavebeendetectedandthatthepersonisaffectedwithHIVAnegativetestresultmeansthatnoantibioticstoHIVweredetectedandthepersonisnotaffectedHowever,itisimportanttonotethatanegativetestresultdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatapersonisnotatriskforHIVinfectionItisessentialtofollowuponpositivetestresultswithadditionaltestingtoconfirmthediagnosisandreceiveappropriatemedicalcareandtreatmentInterpretingTestResultsAccuratelyHIVtestresultsareconfidentialandshouldonlybesharedwiththeindividualbeingtestedandtheirhealthcareproviderItisimportantforindividualstounderstandtheirrightsregardingconfidentialityandtodiscussanyconcernswiththeirhealthcareproviderbeforetestingInsomecases,positivetestresultsmayneedtobereportedtopublichealthauthoritiesfortrackingandsurveypurposes,butthisinformationiskeptconfidentialandanonymousConfidentialityIssuesSurroundingTesting04TreatmentOptionsforHIV/AIDS

AntiviralTherapy(ART)RegimensCombinationTherapyUsingmultipleantiviraldrugssimilarlytosuppressHIVreplicationandreducetheriskofdrugresistanceFirstlineRegimensRecommendedforinitialtreatment,thesearethemosteffectiveandwellcontrolledRegimensSecondlineRegimensUsedwhenfirstlineRegimensfailorcauseintegratedsideeffectsCommonSideEffects01Fatigue,nausea,invoicing,diarra,headache,andrashareamongthemostcommonsideeffectsofHIVinfectionsManagingSideEffects02Patientscanworkwiththeirhealthcareproviderstoadjustdosages,changetreatments,oruseoverthecounterorsubscriptionpillstoallocatesideeffectsAdhesiontoMedicationSchedule03TakingmedicinesassubscribediscriticaltomanagingsideeffectsandpreventingdrugresistanceManagingSideEffectsfromMedicationsImportanceofAdherenceStrictadherencetotreatmentplansisessentialforsuppressingHIVreplicationandpreventingdiseaseprogressionBarrierstoAdhesionFactorssuchasfortune,drugsideeffects,andlakeofsocialsupportcanbeinterferedwithadhesionStrategiestoImproveAdhesionRemindersystems,medicalorganizations,andadhesioncounselingcanhelppatientsstayontrackwiththeirtreatmentplans010203AdhesiontoTreatmentPlansOverTimeAlternativeTherapyandComprehensiveApproachesAddressingthephysical,emotional,social,andspiritualneedsofpatientslivingwithHIV/AIDStopromoteoverallhealthandwellbeingHolisticCareCAMtherapiessuchasacquisition,mass,andherbalremediesmaybeusedonthesamesideasconventionalHIVtreatmenttoimprovequalityoflifeComprehensiveandAlternativeMedicine(CAM)AnapproachthatcombinesconventionalandCAMtherapiestocreateapersonalizedtreatmentplanforeachpatientIntegratedMedicine05PreventionStrategiesforReducingTransmissionRisksReflectingfromsexualactivityisthemosteffectivewaytopreventsexualtransmissionofHIVAbstinenceBeinginalongterm,multiplemonogamousrelationshipswithanuninfectedpartnercanalsoreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionFaithfulCorrectandconsistentuseofconditionsduringsexualactivitycangreatlyreducetheriskofHIVandotherSTIstransmissionCondomUseAbstinence,Faithfulness,CondomUse(ABCApproach)010203NeedleandSyringePrograms(NSPs)ProvidingsterileneedsandsyringestoinjectingdruguserscanreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionthroughsharedinjectingequipmentOpioidSubstitutionTherapy(OST)ProvidingtreatmentssuchasmethadoneorbuprenorphinetoopioiddependentindividualscanreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionbyreducingtheneedforinjectingdrugsHIVTestingandCounselingEncouraginginjectingdruguserstogettestedforHIVandreceivingcounselingonriskreductionstrategiescanhelppreventthespreadofthevirusHarmReductionStrategiesforInjectingDrugUsers要點(diǎn)三AntiviralTherapy(ART)ProvidingARTtoHIVpositiveprospectivewomencangreatlyreducetheriskofmothertochildtransmissionofHIV0102SafeDeliveryPracticesEnsuringthatHIVpositivewomengivebirthinahealthcaresettingandthattheirinfantsreceiveappropriatecareandtrea